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The BSE SENSEX (also known as the S&P Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitive
S&P BSE SENSEX
Index or simply the SENSEX) is a free-float market-weighted stock market
index of 30 well-established and financially sound companies listed on Bombay
Stock Exchange. The 30 component companies which are some of the largest
and most actively traded stocks, are representative of various industrial sectors
of the Indian economy. Published since 1 January 1986, the S&P BSE SENSEX
is regarded as the pulse of the domestic stock markets in India. The base value of
the SENSEX was taken as 100 on 1 April 1979 and its base year as 1978–79. On
25 July 2001 BSE launched DOLLEX-30, a dollar-linked version of the
SENSEX.
As of 25th September 2017, the full market capitalisation of SENSEX was about
₹54,637.0878 billion (US$790 billion) (37% of GDP) while its free-float market
capitalisation was ₹30,094.2286 billion (US$435 billion). During 2008-12,
Sensex 30 Index share of BSE market capitalisation fell from 49% to 25%[1] due
to the rise of sectoral indices like BSE PSU, Bankex and BSE-TECk. Type Stock exchange
Location Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India
Contents Currency Indian rupee (₹)
Sensex Name Etymology Website www.bseindia.com (htt
Calculation p://www.bseindia.com)
Constituents
Record values
Milestones
The SENSEX since 2006
May–December 2006
July–September 2007: Effects of the subprime crisis in the U.S.
October–December 2007: Participatory notes issue
May 2009
Major SENSEX stock market plunges
January 2008
March 2008
Early 2009
2015
Major falls
Major Single Day Highs
See also
References
Calculation
The BSE has some reviews and modifies its composition to be sure it reflects current market conditions. The index is calculated
based on a free float capitalisation method, a variation of the market capitalisation method. Instead of using a company's
outstanding shares it uses its float, or shares that are readily available for trading. Free Floating capital implies total capitalization
less Directors shareholding. [4] As per free float capitalisation methodology, the level of index at any point of time reflects the
free float market value of 30 component stocks relative to a base period. The market capitalisation of a company is determined by
multiplying the price of its stock by the number of shares issued by corporate actions, replacement of scrips. The index has
increased by over twenty five times from June 1990 to the present. Using information from April 1979 onwards, the long-run rate
of return on the S&P BSE SENSEX works out to be 18.6% per annum.
Constituents
As of 24 December 2018, SENSEX constitutes of 31 stocks (Tata Motors has two stocks in the list):
Exchange
# Companies Sector Date Added
ticker
21 December
1 500820 Asian Paints Paints & Varnishes
2015[5]
2 532215 Axis Bank Banking
3 532977 Bajaj Auto Automotive
24 December
4 500034 Bajaj Finance Finance
2018[6]
5 532454 Bharti Airtel Telecommunications
Milestones
The following is a timeline on the rise of the
SENSEX through Indian stock market history.
May–December 2006
On 22 May 2006, the SENSEX plunged by 1,100 points during intra-day trading, leading to the suspension of trading for the first
time since 17 May 2004. The volatility of the SENSEX had caused investors to lose Rs 6 trillion (US$131 billion) within seven
trading sessions. The then Finance Minister of India, P. Chidambaram, made an unscheduled press statement when trading was
suspended to assure investors that nothing was wrong with the fundamentals of the economy, and advised retail investors to stay
invested. When trading resumed after the reassurances of the Reserve Bank of India and the Securities and Exchange Board of
India (SEBI), the SENSEX managed to move up 700 points, but still finished the session 457 points in the red.[40]
The SENSEX eventually recovered from the volatility, and on 16 October 2006, the SENSEX closed at an all-time high of
12,928.18 with an intra-day high of 12,953.76. This was a result of increased confidence in the economy and reports that India's
manufacturing sector grew by 11.1% in August 2006.
13,000, 30 October 2006 – The SENSEX on 30 October 2006 crossed 13,000 mark for the first time, touching a
peak of 13,039.36, before closing at 13,024.26 points. It took 135 days to reach 13,000 from 12,000, and 124
days to reach 13,000 from 12,500.
14,000, 5 December 2006 – The SENSEX on 5 December 2006 crossed 14,000 mark for the first time, after
opening the day with a peak of 14,028 at 9.58 am(IST).
16,000, 19 September 2007- The SENSEX on 19 September 2007 crossed the 16,000 mark, closing at a
historic peak of 16,322. The bull hits because of the rate cut of 50 bit/s in the discount rate by the Fed chief Ben
Bernanke.
17,000, 26 September 2007- On 26 September 2007, the SENSEX crossed the 17,000 mark for the first time,
creating a record for the second fastest 1000 point gain in just 5 trading sessions. It failed however to sustain the
momentum and closed below 17,000. The SENSEX closed above 17,000 for the first time on the following day.
Reliance group has been the main contributor in this bull run, contributing 256 points. This also helped Mukesh
Ambani's net worth to grow to over $50 billion or Rs. 2 trillion. It was also during this record bull run that the
SENSEX for the first time zoomed ahead of the Nikkei of Japan.
However the proposals of SEBI were not clear and this led to a knee-jerk crash when the markets opened on the following day
(17 October 2007). Within a minute of opening trade, the SENSEX crashed by 1,744 points or about 9% of its value – the biggest
intra-day fall in Indian stock markets in absolute terms till then. This led to the automatic suspension of trade for one hour.
Finance Minister P. Chidambaram issued clarifications, in the meantime, that the government was not against FIIs and was not
immediately banning PNs. After the market opened at 10:55 am, the index staged a comeback and ended the day at 18715.82,
down 336.04 from the last day's close.
However, this would not be the end of the volatility. The next day (18 October 2007), the SENSEX tumbled by 717.43 points –
3.83 per cent – to close at 17,998.39 points. The slide continued the next day (19 October 2007), when the SENSEX fell 438.41
points to settle at 17,559.98 to the end of the week, after touching the lowest level of that week at 17,226.18 during the day.
After detailed clarifications from the SEBI chief M. Damodaran regarding the new rules, the market made an 879-point gain on
23 October, thus signalling the end of the PN crisis.
20,000, 11 December 2007- On 29 October 2007, the SENSEX crossed the 20,000 mark for the first time with a
massive 734.5-point gain, but closed below the 20,000 mark. The SENSEX would close above the 20,000 mark
for the first time on 11 December 2007. It took 42 days after reaching the 19,000 milestone to close above
20,000 points for the first time. The journey of the last 10,000 points was covered in just 483[42] sessions,
compared to 7,297 sessions taken to touch the 10,000 mark from its base value of 100 points. In the second half
of 2007 alone, the SENSEX reached six 1,000-point milestones.
May 2009
On 18 May 2009, the SENSEX surged up 2,110.79 points to close at 14,285.21, from its previous closing of 12,174.42, for its
largest single day rally. Less than a month later, on 4 June 2009, the SENSEX would cross the 15,000 mark.
However, the SENSEX remained volatile during the summer of 2009. The SENSEX plunged by 869.65 points on 6 July 2009,
the day of Union Budget presentation in Parliament on concerns over high fiscal deficit. This was the biggest Budget-day loss for
the index.[13] On 17 August 2009, the SENSEX lost 626.71 points.
Once again, the SENSEX would recover from the volatility. On 7 September 2009, the SENSEX crossed the 16,000 mark,
closing at 16,016.32 points. The index would gain 3,000 points over the next 12 months, as the SENSEX crossed the 19,000 mark
on 13 September 2010, closing at 19,208.33 points.
21,000, 5 November 2010 - The SENSEX closed at 21,004.96, for its first close above the 21,000 mark. It would
take nearly three years for the index to make its next close above this level.
22,000, 24 March 2014 - The SENSEX closed at 22,055.48, for its first close above the 22,000 mark. For the first
time, the SENSEX zoomed ahead of the Hang Seng Index.
23,000, 12 May 2014 - The SENSEX closed at 23,551.00, for its first close above the 23,000 mark,
24,000, 16 May 2014 - The SENSEX closed at 24,121.74, for its first close above the 24,000 mark, Breaking all
previous records and above all other indexes in the world.
25,000, 5 June 2014 - The SENSEX closed at 25,019.51, for its first close above the 25,000 mark,
26,000, 7 July 2014 - The SENSEX closed at 26,123.55, for its first close above the 26,000 mark,
27,000, 2 September 2014 - The SENSEX closed at 27019.39, for its first close above the 27,000 mark,
28,000, 5 November 2014 - The SENSEX crossed 28,000 mark, on 5 November 2014.[28] This is the seventh
1000-point milestone the index has crossed in 2014, breaking the six 1000-point record set in 2007.
January 2008
In the third week of January 2008, the SENSEX experienced huge falls along with other markets around the world. On 21
January 2008, the SENSEX saw its highest ever loss of 1,408 points at the end of the session. The SENSEX recovered to close at
17,605.40 after it tumbled to the day's low of 16,963.96, on high volatility as investors panicked following weak global cues amid
fears of a recession in the US.
The next day, the BSE SENSEX index went into a free fall. The index hit the lower circuit breaker in barely a minute after the
markets opened at 10 am. Trading was suspended for an hour. On reopening at 10.55 am IST, the market saw its biggest intra-day
fall when it hit a low of 15,332, down 2,273 points. However, after reassurance from the Finance Minister of India, the market
bounced back to close at 16,730 with a loss of 875 points.[43]
Over the course of two days, the BSE SENSEX in India dropped from 19,013 on Monday morning to 16,730 by Tuesday evening
or a two-day fall of 13.9%.[43] Less than a month later, on 11 February 2008, the SENSEX lost 833.98 points, when Reliance
Power fell below its IPO price in its debut trade after a high-profile public offer.[13]
March 2008
The free fall of the SENSEX accelerated in March 2008. The month started out with the Sensex losing 900.84 points on 3 March
2008, on concerns emanating from growing credit losses in the US. This would be the first of four one-day falls of greater than
700 points during the month. On 13 March 2008, the SENSEX plummeted another 770.63 points on global economic jitters.[13]
14,810, 17 March 2008 - The SENSEX dropped by 951.03 points on the global credit crisis and distress, to fall
below the 15,000 mark, closing at 14,810.[13]
The month ended with the SENSEX shedding 726.85 points on 31 March 2008, after heavy selling in blue-chip stocks on global
economic fears.
13,802, 27 June 2008 - The SENSEX dropped by 600 points, to fall below the 14,000 mark, closing at 13,802.
12,962, 1 July 2008 - The SENSEX falls below the 13,000 mark, closing at 12,962.[13]
11,802, 6 October 2008 - The SENSEX dropped by 724.62 points amid fears of the US recession and attempts
by governments across the world to save their failing banks, to fall below the 12,000 mark, closing at 11,802.[13]
10,527, 10 October 2008 - The SENSEX dropped by 800.51 points amid weak industrial production data and
concerns over impact of global economic crisis on IT and banking firms in India,[13] to fall below the 11,000 mark,
closing at 10,527.
9,975, 17 October 2008 – The SENSEX crashes below the psychological 5-figure mark of 10,000 points, closing
at 9,975.35, following extremely negative global financial indications in US and other countries. Just ten months
earlier, in December 2007, SENSEX had closed above the 20,000 mark for the first time.
8,701.07, 24 October 2008 - The SENSEX lost 10.96% of its value (1070.63 points) on the intra-day trade,
closing at 8,701.07, for its first close below the 9,000 mark since 14 June 2006, after RBI lowered its GDP growth
forecasts on global economic concerns.[13] The loss was the 2nd highest in terms of total points, and the 3rd
highest percentage-wise, for a one-day period in the index's history.
8,509.56, 27 October 2008 - The SENSEX hit an intra-day low of 7,697.39, before closing at 8,509.56,[13] for its
lowest close since 14 November 2005.
Early 2009
The SENSEX dropped by 749.05 points on 7 January 2009, when the Satyam fraud came to light.[13]
8,160.40, 9 March 2009 - The SENSEX closed at 8,160.40, for its lowest close since 2 November 2005.
2015
The index crossed the historical mark of 30,000 after repo rate cut announcement by RBI[44]
The index plummeted by over 1,624.51 points on 24 August 2015, the biggest one-day point plunge in the index's history.[45]
Major falls
On the following dates, the SENSEX index suffered major single-day falls (of 430 or more points):[46]
N. Date Points
1 April 28, 1992 570
2 May 17, 2004 565
3 May 15, 2006 463
4 May 18, 2006 826
5 May 19, 2006 453
6 May 22, 2006 457
7 April 2, 2007 617
8 August 1, 2007 615
9 August 16, 2007 642.70
10 October 17, 2007 717.43
11 November 21, 2007 678.18
12 December 17, 2007 769.48
13 January 18, 2008 687.82
14 January 21, 2008 1,408.35
15 January 22, 2008 875
16 February 11, 2008 833.98
17 March 3, 2008 900.84
18 March 13, 2008 770.63
19 March 17, 2008 951.03
20 March 31, 2008 726.85
21 June 27, 2008 600.00
22 September 15, 2008 710.00
23 October 6, 2008 724.62
24 October 10, 2008 792.17
25 October 24, 2008 704.00
26 January 7, 2009 749.05
27 July 6, 2009 869.65
28 August 17, 2009 626.71
29 November 12, 2010 432
30 November 16, 2010 444.55
31 February 4, 2011 441.92
32 February 24, 2011 545.92
33 September 22, 2011 704.00
34 February 27, 2012 477.82
N. Date Points
1 May 18, 2009 2,110.79
2 May 20, 2019 1,422
3 September 20, 2019 2163.1
See also
Bombay Stock Exchange
NIFTY 50
List of stock market indices
List of stock market crashes and bear markets
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