A2OES (oA yA Baker) Sholay he UyiaisGhiaas ¢ 3S pols | Gain iglecad) AIS hay BZilg By MI PSL yy) Gpaaic Lb] (Agilugedd) Po Been ice aes slain ily Lag sala grat pou Minne 9 gla! a gi LGB Fig E hg dM gh > cailal> odyv oO yyhetl Rae LEY daly Ail SY gagill jp Sall Lats a sll 3) aL YL nye al gyal a LL 5 gill pana pls padlly hall gle [ab y AslagSYle lines C8 Qual! ALLY) Ab ae ally ag Salt Lg Ca fal ~6p5M olallaall yey pe allacaall bas Ls RupSTly Ganley LI IS “I Uap So 58 DE Laps Sy 8 cS al bel (RYAVENAT Sa) udbee Shao MoU ie alana Lhe Jol a SU Lia ay hal aatlgs fb Uylaeay uly Zsa Ll A AY gS lS ae aS, oes eye nue eet hayes day MSgll Goalh le el LL, 82 Hales JOS Bergh da cial J) +¢ Gas Cajal! LL. Ls Romantic Racialism. of saps :George M. Fredrickson gus an’s deg Lok alice il el gh aya oy only hy aya Ula 5,54 gle ge aay stage geasan eeale Bll Of yp Se ow ‘Henry Highland Garnet ,le gia te GADL sylgoly Martin Delaney ab 4 ijLeg Alexander Jaay,S ji_ssiy Edward Blyden ‘Chude-Sokei, Louis. «When Echoes Return. (0) Transition, no. 104, 2011, p.77 Reid, George W. «Missionaries and West (1) African Nationalism. Phylon (1960-), vol.39, 1n0.3, 1978, p.230 A ANEW A aabin dala ab hat ela) G4 AIS 5a ae og Ta Laks BY Bahay cg a Sagal SelB AB Ly lhy ny Lag 2 ily SM Riclete SLegerall Ga duel] go> (gh 99 Shi Bina Gal gogo hago) Aclusdtl LrsleMois pleas Rasa G he Rav aad! pte alll ay 9S Ug) B Lemseeall gd ss staball GUS sepia tLe! phe Cul gyal agua sla MUaty G5 Reaalin lS Lges gl a 9g cslandl ogt I SL 40 2B jLY Sageg had case dang (Pap all usd 32S aS aye put Ji George Liele (Msi dys Lenls) Missa aya Slane aS yh sy al «Leap A) ll Bagel ste agall We ls aii agit y AL ya SLSIIy AIS a8 gig log al pally aa desley Fredrickson, George M.Black Liberation: (\) A comparative history of Black ideologies in the United States and South Attica, Oxford {8-University Press, 1996, pp.8 Joel E. Tishken. «Neither Anglican nor (+) Ethiopian: Schism, Race, and Ecclesiastical Politics in the Nineteenth-Century Liberian Episcopal Church. Journal of Africana Religions, vol2, n0.1, 2014, p.75 Irons, Charles F.The Origins of Prostavery (1) Christianity: White and Black Evangelicals in Colonial and Antebellum Virginia. University of 551-North Carolina Press, 2008, pp.50 Fredrickson, George M. op.cit, p61 (+)Ginga cheese ge ag lt adel inal Si pla Say age pl ga yg pel Jol age yy Rgyas CATS Sy SMN Sell 3 al a Gh (VANOVATI) RS opal Aa ayaa LB j>M) Ethiopianism «4 as Yh comual aie idle elSyag agg a ALS degree Guay! Uileladlauas goth ipl eng ad Jal ge Lagu Yel capa ae 8 a NS na Sage Gal gle lat pd ence gl ya all lait AS pad gl Ryasaill 72 ager hays oa ly aca yal sha canal gy Independent aoe!) pith cy «p38! od A guia! £4) oyu cayolas a4. Churches sPan-Negro az3j!! deste! [3b ci Bly Opts GLAM juasiell lyst 4 Asda pga yl Maal AS alls nl ge Ips BY! (Al alah ly .Pan-Afticanism Le gag Maly 2 ll AU yglaull JDLS asl Agigall SIS jody BaLyg OVI Vy] Liu} cual yl (Iyguehall) Lt Yo qllasae cons GL BBY go SL Glat tLin is Ae asl Wy aa eal Sn gt Lass! ‘fica gda.ays iui BS > canola sy be Biyden, Edward W. Christianity, Islam and the (+) [Negro race. Black Classic Press, 1887 p.167 Duncan, Graham A. connel exe Shona ice sig eel Leal 2 LY LEY 9 oS Mla Lait Spm I] ual yd apy pane Kamwana Ulyals cipal ty aoud (all dahil 3 Compal Sp l8eA ple W¥LULS Ls 2 Elliot Ge Lag 3i (laa!) Kitawala WLLS uly yal Paalyall ALS Las gle Go eg HS BLY pasty calle ly The Zionist churches a,gu2 SIs gmp ll gl le A Ee lye 8 MAB Bial uSLS oye pu plczals died ad Hy alll ay ll JS gay CyB Nae gle cls ily lea aS al gill ls ayall Say Laagng day Gaya cepa yal clay ye ell pdt lg 9 ak ABN ONS pathy MSbys AY Lad capa bly aS. Slat cabs pe a Lal yd 8 BLN gaat ge ok BRST ap all uate ee Fourah Bay College »o355 qul5+4uS a Lina Ryall Lat Ray gine Ally ye ¢J.1A71 pL Church Missionary Society LibyieDiberia College Lyad US wuld Yas Co Gadel Vpn aay age ay g AW ple 8 Baila Jaally ISuyaly Lillarys 29 yyatieall alist Hooker, J. R. «Witnesses and Watchtower in (2) the Rhodesias and Nyasaland» The Journal of ‘African History, vol, no.1, 1985, pp.91-93 Schoffeleers, Matthew. «Ritual Healing and (1) Political Acquiescence: The Case of the Zionist Churches in Southern Africa», Africa: Journal of the Intemational African Institute, vol61, no.1, 1991, pp.d-4 aig Jal, Protestant Episcopal Church again IS Jp Lgl 9 apuall ASLAN oye ZK (di Samuel Ajayi Crowther j54)-s sls! 3th Jani olla cals (NAVMAN) Liadasal Gyid UGySath ope galagysSl gy le tay ALA wll ag daa Lady Real ye Algal TH, L heyy 98 bad gt al 8 -yuyguaees pays Leg IS plot ayn ge ily "Sl os DLS Jol ~VAVE) uly! (tk. James Theodore Holly Samuel yg ap 59 Jugalic Italy (141) My (QA 1M0) Lyall _LiD, Ferguson (ISIS pogaalie 2 ag all ULL eG GLE gs sag Join sec yn gael in Laghy gt Lelia! Labi Loy! Chilembwe Alas bg eS cay (ile ye) BYLLLS pp caIS Le catay eo lng wHldil dy MI SUSU Ba lp jy ya Aly ypla ,Ll g Raines daglie Lig Bd ole! a ates agli Ally A illayy A Aaylaad_a MI 3,13Yl dace ALS Apa 5 Shy Lee pd AN0 ale daliely ale Gandy SO A onda gash gala eS ABI pal cyan Wyo cyl ls ye expat shag Spl ug AV ple Lyansh Abeokuta Hess, Robert A. «J. F. Ade Ajayi and the New (1) Historiography in West Afica», Afican Studies Review, vol.14, no.2, 1971, p.278 JAMES THEODORE HOLLY» Negro History» (1) Bulletin, vol4, n0.8, 1941, p.173 Bennett, Robert A. «Black Episcopalians: (r) ‘A History From The Colonial Period To The Present», Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church, vol43, no.3, 1974, p.241 ‘See Mortis, Brian. «The Chilembwe Rebellion», (+) The Society of Malawi Journal, voL68, no.1, 2018, pp.20-52 AES Dye ATI Hage EN ol = Byteyy eiaal od dln g2 Lge a1 lag 5p Soll ig jbl Lalas ye BEL gaging saul AS Basgy pall te egaletal Cail wa 1) ule pala 2 oS ua ull Ga Yap ucla! al (p)ado-1a1y) Martin R. Delany 54. Back «Leisyal <2) Sagalls glad 2Ssy4¥ sleall 57 8d asilSySl arse spel 4 MSs To Africa silly (gM4v=Ar) James Africanus Horton ADL aly yy Sally aygh gb aaa p Jae odes gil (91411141) Edward Blyden pil ye go aay Lh Lea slyael 4s 4 AupAY ST GAM Sly lad cyt Lode pgs ap Reale, yy Fag ol) Leng Ase dua Casely »,sisla luis eae 09. Lassil ye Ugo Azikiwe 585i gaslis (@!8¥--141) Hayford pal 5 yl egnuen fp 441-14-4) Nmamdi OU aydl apd 8 aa) Leagbs lad Ua Aa gH upaall oye el a 3 Ils egy ae All epaall Iyaaly yoaall GUS 95,8 ede Byslaua Ngaaicly Jil pal rng CsI Gay slain Yl JMG yy0 Udy AyjLinall dhegay pap all dal ys ASL deel LayLitely lag all day sally ae GBI 5jL3 Gly A oagull Uo pel pap ype ally dy Gayl gs yyy SS dana FS ye BOM ake ugh GLlle ga Fhe ‘Ayandele, E. A. «An Assessment Of James (r) Johnson And His Place In Nigerian History, Journal of the .«1890-Part |, 1874 :1917-1874 Historical Society of Nigeria, vol2, no.4, 1963, 489 Van Rinsum, Henk J. «Wipe the Blackboard (+) Clean: Academization and Christianization- Siblings in Aftica?», Afican Studies Review, vol 45, n0.2, 2002, p33 Lamas aati ase Spall pally paydl ealyeo clay Ll ogy OM gzipsl ety Rand all i pala iy ABSA te gal aly aggl Legs Roghyd¥l LL ging at uae 2 SASL cals Rayaallege (pte dle ale) ethnological James cals ue Solus Lin gleg SU july! LoYL Richard Burton gs) 9;La,3 Hunt Arthur sige go 3)f e296 -uiall LES Sse ALLS Luly» cals gitlg de Gobineau RL Age g gagerdyy all Be Vu HlyL uel pcr (ia ye phe atl pall Bepdaall AS. AIS! Vn gL aii tel ly gy yl VEN ye Ly’ gf Jeadacl gps paul [1 ABBY yt ga ang Sy Last yd 78 Lselaall Gaol te chai] LALEYL agua jSya!] OL jal Fall aan Wait Te ag al yal cllaih oT Oe pulls ol cla —ll pty gle sgaluall JOELL [gl gga 2 Rael c99 Bengt G. jaro ty ald all aLiul atl ues ciple 8 gill gs eLaal) 405 2 M. Sundkler Bantu Prophets in South Africa (Li,3] obs 2 Shepperson george 35 saps zy > Independent African (qs1% 1.2! 43,1) Nwauwa, Apollos O. «Far Ahead of His Time: (1) James Africanus Hortoms Initiatives for a West African University and His Frustrations, James Africanus Horton: Un) 1871-1862 Précurseur Malheureux Du Projet De Création «(187 1-DouneUniversité Ouest-Africaine, 1862 Cahiers DEtudes Africaines, vol39, no.153, 1999, p.108 Hunt, James. «On the Negros Place in (v) Nature», Journal of the Anthropological Society ‘of London, vol.2, 1864, ppvANA ple 8 apple gle als Sil GUS Gy 543 Ethiopia Unbound (2s Lusi!) alsiss Meakel Cay a Gall yyy GL» US A bags alate Gt tS eal co US gg gall pase l ullSy gla yb gISe AOANATY ale (WSL Lays!) US 3 «Lage gill city oe Raalatle Wyo Sf ge abl le DA yep gle cual 8 Lgl gash Lagos 8 Le Sl Lect pag alge 8 yes GLO Arua Culley yl Remsaall cua 9 aul gt Silly lll pega feat sag & as 3 GB ye Sa EY Lke aaa pb cy aliy A uleall Sie IpBaly eS 9 Bye quer cle ipl Gal aaa 8 Sisiy lh pal le = ge ll ly ly gdp de asl al Sg Cyprian olsyusuy Tertullian sili 5 ASI La) ye (gs St. Augustine ula oadi gl_ooy el aM mse ga DUT SAN 8 9b aly aS bo Asad IS adh Sly yO¥h LO agegl cle (by eA aiaybYl deskadle Kyo cole US Cage Iota inly 3jLaN onl gle glad a Raagh Se Bi fa ey Read alm Ge Ve sca 73 WB, agg Aa lal 2 cal 4d AyyBl sigh jpg Lada! NN UT Liakiny LS cote Lgl ga SM IS, all ge OF Ly slat 2d ALN AealLal yall ey placed yi Lad acy DLR Bae PB lS La 5 Kyl os bgp gl» ‘Shepperson, George. «Aboliionism and (2) African Political Thought», Transition, no. 12, 1964, p.25 Blyden, Edward W.op.cit pp.131--134 (1) aw eal ays ald Lay pale gly Ay ole eLasill Joi gay aipll Spal Li aay 2 ently AM lag Sly iby dal bn Mayday il as pI Lal Gye cl utall a Sage aay alls UST) —2 le Aipll cL ally Gaal Anglo- gi<_s,21 5 tatiy Lik, Accra Herald oie y laura pag 2 Be duo all African yay Lagos Weekly Record "355-5 hy AyesAll yo pla nal dia IDLE claljay Qa Lag! pally pL Yy Sey sual) aS L ging all Christianity, Islam And The Negro (23!) cole Lull cam QL aplyal dls as Jyl_> Race Sige laday tle oe ah Hae (Bae ok asda LSI 2 ol inlay ef STU a Lia ols ius 6G gt! James Johnson 5g acer hs DS dag pVAM* al AVE Ge pes Slay > Lye JLo Leng! ll lesen all Ay SY SU Slag lb ds ANY gle Ley] Gd ag Gl Lea dpa yo Aaa A Jal Lisp aga ae Le gy Masel MBS asl al ge all Ug pt Dall pte fl Ley ght 3) glace dep ane Hl gle SI Johnson, Religions, 1500-2000. Cambridge University p.300 Press, 2015 Sylvester A. African American (1) nee gh peYoetlsgensl aecablye (1) Aaa R61 4M! Mada jut!) caLygleatl (18) gon (¥N) Bilyden, Edward W. op cit pp.168-171 (+) ‘Ayandele, E.A. op.cit, pp-489-490 (1) NL Bg YEN Kee (Ea = Sytem Ms dass \yAPANAEDg pIATVg AAT aVATTs aIANA, BS Hay)3Y Really, poly 8 Regal 89) SyLcanll LE] Go gb History of the (Isa! 3 235! Gpall gb) abs Eadatl p55 (91441) Negro Race in America George Washington jaluss (laid! ¢yge aul Lal a ia Sue 2 gai Williams eBay dake a8 5plas Liliel poe ll -° ibsil Herodotus cgsgyue Ey$alb aly Saskia igbai tly Sou gh alia gl gym 2 SUS ge Lani, ald gaill WLM guy ull aga ff Ly cla ty 8 as ype yl Ayala of oad ples Yl Repl Ib ot panne Reade Bl pal Lage ceay MegSall os Isow of (VARI) Gone (pret Ater, Renée, «Making History: Meta Warrick (0) Fullens ‘Ethiopia», American Art, vol.17, no.3, 2003, p.22 Harlan, Louis R. «Booker T. Washington (1) VY Asatte phasing eb dgeall IE Lange gS belay oly je by BVT J Lanny Sans Ry] Gass 2 spall Mga ile tl Usp! sL Shall as 2 SSlall sap] Loge ley 23, ya st peg Regal 9p aN Spal lily By yal Sylvester Williams jay 2 adhe : gpl! Yea Booker T. giitly » Sys (9141-1418) William Du Bois |; 193 93 Washington. 2M Na-1A) dag ys pls Salo sly aes alll Agnes atl uy Geel 2,08 WTAE gall shana oll lag le ell Lag fied Lg ct tl ob ayy cs Shy ee pads say LaslaS alta oS Agua All popailly asd gael cat PCN ashe op aa pel Se ules (OLS Ne A oul cull Lega 15 Ge pgalane GIS Ab yp eghaly ila lst ined gall clesal Fda Ruasddls asgiay UB yall Dggll comely Cl paifa Se Coals Saal og Legay Leal 598 aly eats Byes pA ple LoS le gals shaiys Sp 0 tl Jy be all Donnell, Alison. «The Aftican Presence in (1) Caribbean Literature’ Revisited: Recovering the Politics of Imagined Co-Belonging 1930-2005», Research in African Literatures, vol46, no.4, 2015, pp.43-—44 West, Emergence and Evolution of an Idea», Review (Femand Braudel Center), vol.28, no.1, 2005, 9.95 Michael ©, «Global Africa: The (1)© gail ll Jape $5 4 gle aa) Lapa il ll dyes gd ghia Ss WS nnecin Lys 24 ull palay5 Sale| y Back to Africa nga sLail JS cya 3g Lag 5yeell Lisi Lies SUD pb pada Layla lad cad dy Gel owas il et LS ail, seas agldly Si gjlanuel ge gyn 3e eb8 ALAR fully Ugea SAt eang f Lent 33,08 le nad IDS. ye ly puta 32 ey al aon patty 8 yall cL aie le 3, ail sya pigle cleh LS Gl cane lh Leal Sepia jl legy a Bh ge Ly lp ay aly al putlepll clip cdg ld pgiioes ga 041 vals GB gop a Laity Gaal ge Bt (pA > ple 3 Ras Tafari Makonnen «53st Lag La Raa jp ee She Marcus Garvey y-le yesSjbe gay ula Ragin! Spats gale alge ge (p80 Y) spy RSLS LagSy og al coy LS) ll Lea lly pila ile gill algal ya gill ite ails Jala ig pane (ye slab ges dpa agua de ogg To spl an Le gy wll tl Las Shs U5 Nyuss paw edi Spa ‘and the White Mans Burden», The American Historical Review, vol.71, no.2, 1966, p.449 Quirin, James. «W.E.B. Du Bois, Ethiopianism (\) International Journal ,«1955-and Ethiopia, 1890 cof Ethiopian Studies, vol.5, no.2, 2010, p.3 Rabaté, Jean-Michel. 1913: the cradle of (1) modernism. John Wiley & Sons, 2008 pp.126~127 10-Quirin, James. op.cit, pp.9 (r) ANE yd ATE Age (2D aa = Bye ans ve\o Salle SST Lage age uae Salers Ayapsall Ray Mlle aye slay Baaay dagyl IVs Ellauene 8 leg Vlo Bayle 29 dees y Asaleans Uubldy Lys lS > cll Syl oo aS La lp oe ALN epblas oy pall CRI ibluy phe Qala Age 8 OLEBLally Glacial LES [gas Ag el lelesd! be 3 aug ells soa Gyall F559 3,10 ge ES Cac Ged 8 Regs bapa al eS gS BAS Oe wey) ley dydsyS¥ Zgll yy a3 fete taal eye tl cles! eel quel of as Lage yall ge lj atl any le yb gh pte JS pt Nk SL sheds Slant pyatl jLe ul Lgl wea lyally clases 2 pas OL Le 589 ie Gals Elatlacae dee Ob dT calgal Lgige ge cles ial Bae Apoqady tiyd le daLinl! [Std ys dua Y all Jae le Ugie AY! becom! Mel AS ob Lala Got ya ll saa UUeall g ae Bal LY Se Lat Jos oe Pala Ryall comply gs JD Ail el ie Al pall os lillie gal oe by ladle sLitly est Je W oblast Say09! Lisl oil aug tele any Opal Jay galelly ASL ciLacll Lely hall ga cry AS pita! Sela! Ibid, p.194. (4) SaM 2p aatee iad W) sya fai Lagi dla tl uty Sai 989 wall 3 Lads Lng US Le le a (1 Siang Ug) Mala lS yall 4) aati aad Blagg 28 AVE alte 51 pAbbs 2 85) Wyo Sale| Uylee a dyad Uf dae sly ok cole ayy Y1 Aga gd AL all le Igdags 5 sll Hay De ae SE GAT ple gb Sg Greater Ethiopia «. sl Lagdl Geglyaul Sf a Sp eljal Sie peat ae 6S ol Lag 12 cae il iy he Rela ss eek ne qeenall Uf le asta) 6 flball ge ae galeatly elein gull ya ole Land JB Qe says gla a a Kebede, Alemseghed, and J. David (9) Knottnerus. «Beyond the Pales of Babylon: The Ideational Components and Social Psychological Foundations of Rastafari», Sociological Perspectives, vol.41, no.3, 1998, 502 Semaj, LeahcimTufani. «Rastafari: From (1) Religion to Social Theory», Caribbean Quarterly, 01.28, nod, 1980, p.22 Jalata, Asafa. «Being in and out of Africa: The (+) Impact of Duality of Ethiopianism», Journal of Black Studies, vol.40, no.2, 2009, p.192Ethiopianism as a base for African nationalist and religious movements Nasser Karam Ramadan Political Researcher - Egypt This article is a historical overview of the Ethiopianism concept and its manifestations in a three Dimensional perspective, namely: Religious, Cultural and Political. In this regard, this article provided a historical perspective of the emergence of the Ethiopianism since the emergence of the “Ethiopia” in the Biblical verse (Psalms, 68:31), to its adoption by the various African movements and individuals as a refusal of the European/white supremacist ideology and attitudes towards black people and their culture. This paper concludes that the Ethiopianism concept and ideology has encompasses all the African national movements in the recent history, such as the Independent Churches, the Anti-Colonial movements, the Pan African, the Rastafarian movements, etc m AYA saonnstiays penton ga