Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- Structural design phase ensures that the Valentine Bridge adheres to international standards which can sustain the present day natural
environmental forces
- Bridge Design Criteria: The specification that will be used for bridges loading and design in the Valentine Bridge is the American Association of
State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) load and resistance factor design (LRFD). This meets international bridge and highways
design standards
- Design Life: Valentine bridge structures will be designed for a structural life of 100 years. This is achieved by the specified design load of a HS-20
truck in combination with a design lane load. Seismic loads will be also applied to the structures to represent extreme seismic events
- Concrete works: Concrete works shall be design according to ACI 318-11 standards and specifications. This will also apply to all abutments,
retaining walls, wing walls, foundations and other structural concrete items.
- Retaining walls, Abutments and Wing walls: Wing walls are essentially retaining walls adjacent to the abutment. They may be independent or
integral with the abutment wall. Retaining walls are designed to resist earth pressures from the backfill material, surcharge from live loading or
compacting plant and hydraulic loads from saturated soil conditions in addition to vertical loads from bridge decks (abutments) without failure.
- Foundations: Foundation types will depend on the depth and safe bearing pressures of the bearing stratum, as well as on restrictions placed on
differential settlement due to the above deck (for abutment walls). Based on economy and feasibility, the best suited foundation type will be
chosen. The table below shows a summary of the specifications that will be used to determine the loads and design standard employed for the
Valentine Bridge structural works:
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B) WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
Planning and Assessment Phase (Marking out site) to be completed before Foundation Stage begins.