Ancient Egyptian Society

Egypt Civilization Reviewer

Pharaoh
Two types of Land in Ancient Egyptian:

Black land – fertile land on the banks of the Nile. Use

this land for growing their crops. Government Officials (Viziers, Priest, Noble)

Red land – barren desert that protected Egypt on two

sides.
Soldiers
Pharaohs - were considered as divine deities as well as
mortal rulers.

The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the Scribes
Egyptian people, holding the two titles:

1. 'Lord of the Two Lands' - ruler of Upper and Merchants

Lower Egypt. He owned all of the land, made
laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt
against foreigners.
Craftsmen
2. 'High Priest of Every Temple' - the pharaoh
represented the gods on Earth. He performed
rituals and built temples to honor the gods.
Peasants
The Pharaohs

Khufu (2589 – 2566 B.C) - second pharaoh of the fourth

Egyptian Dynasty ,known for his cruelty and great self- Slaves
admiration. He build the Great Pyramid in Giza.
Egyptian Gods
Khafra (2558 – 2532 B.C.) - Khufu’s son. Described as a
Horus – God of the Sky
“cruel and heretic ruler,” He is credited for building the
Second Pyramid at Giza and the Sphinx that guards it. Osiris – Ruler of the Underworld

Hatshepsut (1473–1458 B.C.) - the first woman to rule Amun – “King of the Gods”
ancient Egypt, During her rule, the Egyptian economy
flourished and she built one of the most beautiful Atum – Creator God
temples in Egypt, Deir el Bahari.
Ra (re) – God of the Sun
Tutankhamun (1334-1325 B.C.) - Also known as the
Ma’at – Goddes of Truth, Justice and Harmony
“Boy King,” King Tut took the throne at the age of nine
and became the youngest pharaoh in the Egyptian Thoth – God of Knowledge and Writings
history.
Anubis – God of the Dead
Ramses II (1279-1212 B.C.) - considered the greatest,
most celebrated and most powerful pharaoh of the
Egyptian Empire.
Mummification – embalming way of Egyptians,
Cleopatra VII (51–30 B.C.) - the last pharaoh of the preserving the dead.
Egyptian Empire.
Nile River – river that played a very important role
when it comes to farming in Egypt. It deposited a layer
of black soil over the land, rich in nutrients needed for
growing crops.
Skiff - simplest type of boat used in ancient Egypt, made
from papyrus reeds that were tied together.
Hieroglyph - is a character of the ancient Egyptian
writing system. It is pictographic in form.
Hieratic - is a cursive writing system used in the
provenance of the pharaohs in Egypt.
Egypt Civilization Contributions

Stone and Clay Pots - comprise one of the most  The decimal system
important categories of Egyptian artifacts.  365 days a year calendar
Symbolism in Art  Propaganda
Blue and Green represented the Nile and life;  Abstraction in Representation
Yellow stood for the sun god;  Complex Caste and Class System
Red represented power and vitality.  Mapping of river flow and floods
Papyrus – plant was paper came from.  Soap
Tree of Life  Glass making
The light gray bird symbolizes infancy.  Advanced pottery making techniques
The red bird symbolizes childhood.  Surgery and use of medicine
The green bird symbolizes youth.  Mummification and Embalming of dead bodies
The blue bird symbolizes adulthood.  Concept of Afterlife
The orange bird symbolizes old age.  Ship Building
East - was considered the direction of life, because the
sun rose in the east.

West - was considered the direction of death, of

entering the underworld, because the sun set in the
west.

Luxor Temple - is a large Ancient Egyptian temple

complex located on the east bank of the Nile River.

Karnak Temple Complex - comprises a vast mix of

decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings.

Abu Simbel Temples - are two massive rock temples in

a small village in Egypt, near the border with Sudan.

Great Pyramid of Giza - is the largest of all the Egyptian

pyramids and is one of the Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World. It is located around 5 miles to the west
of the Nile River near the city of Cairo, Egypt.