ASSIGNMENT-4

MA 4105

(1) a)Let M be a smooth manifold. For any closed set A ⊂ M and any open set
U containing A, there exists a smooth bump function for A (i.e. ρ = 1 on A)
supported in U .
b)(Extension Lemma) Let M be a smooth manifold, let A ⊂ M be a closed
subset, and let f : A → Rk be a smooth function. Prove that for any open set
U containing A, there exists a smooth function f˜ : M → Rk such that f˜|A = f
and suppf˜ ⊂ U . [Hint: For each p ∈ A, choose a neighbourhood Wp ⊂ U of p
and a smooth function f˜ : Wp → Rk that agrees with f on Wp ∩ A. Then try
to construct partition of unity using those Wp .]

(2) Compute the flow of each of the following vector fields on R2 :

∂ ∂
a) X = x ∂x + 2y ∂y .
∂ ∂
b) Y = y ∂x + x ∂y .

(3) Let M be a smooth manifold. A curve γ : R → M is periodic if there is a

number T > 0 such that γ(t) = γ(t + kT ) for all t ∈ R. and k ∈ Z. Suppose
X ∈ χ(M ) ( space of all vector fields on M ), and γ is a maximal integral curve
of X.
(a) Show that exactly one of the following holds:
• γ is constant.

• γ is injective.

• γ is periodic and nonconstant,

(b) If γ is periodic and nonconstant, show that there exists a unique positive
number T (called the period of γ) such that γ(t) = γ(t0 ) if and only if
t − t0 = kT for some k ∈ Z.
(c) Show that the image of γ is an immersed submanifold of M , diffeomorphic
to R, S 1 or R0 .

(4) Show that every smooth compactly supported vector field is complete.

(5) Problem 4-4, 4-7, 4-8, 4-9, 4-12, 4-13, 4-15 of John. M. Lee’s book (Introduction
to smooth manifolds, page 102).