Explain the three ways of connection establishment and Connection termination in

14. a
TCP using State Transition Diagram
OR
14. b Explain in detail about SCTP.

15.a Discuss the working of Email in detail.

OR
15.b Explain in detail about DNS.
PART – C (1 x 15 = 15 Marks)
Suppose we want to transmit the message 1011 0010 0100 1011 and protect it from
errors using the CRC-8 polynomial x8 +x2 +x1 + 1. (i) Use polynomial long division to
16.a
determine the message that should be transmitted.(ii) Suppose the leftmost bit of the
message is inverted due to noise on the transmission link.
OR
Suppose you are designing a sliding window protocol for a 1-Mbps point-to-point link
to the stationary satellite evolving around Earth at 3 × 104 km altitude. Assuming that
16.b each frame carries 1 KB of data, what is the minimum number of bits you need for the
sequence number in the following cases? Assume the speed of light is 3×108 meters
per second.(i) RWS=1.(ii) RWS=SWS.