-It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. -Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. Capital and Largest City: Bangkok Official language: Thai Population 2014 estimate 67,200,000 2010 census 64,785,909 Gross Domestic Product (Purchasing Power Parity) 2015 estimate: Total- US$1,054.996 billion Per Capita- US$15,319 Currency: Baht (1 baht= 1.35php) * With a total area of approximately 513,000 km2 (198,000 sq mi), Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country. * It is the 20th-most-populous country in the world * Bangkok, the capital and the largest city, is Thailand's political, commercial, industrial, and cultural hub. * About 75–95% of the population is ethnically Tai, which includes four major regional groups: central Thai, northeastern Thai (Khon [Lao] Isan), northern Thai (Khon Mueang); and southern Thai. * Thai Chinese, those of significant Chinese heritage, are 14% of the population, while Thais with partial Chinese ancestry comprise up to 40% of the population. * Thai Malays represent 3% of the population, with the remainder consisting of Mons, Khmers and various "hill tribes". * Thailand experienced rapid economic growth between 1985 and 1996, becoming a newly industrialized country and a major exporter. * Manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism are leading sectors of the economy. * Among the ten ASEAN countries, Thailand ranks second in quality of life and the country's Human Development Index (HDI) had been rated as "high". * Its large population and growing economic influence have made it a middle power in the region and around the world * The country has always been called Mueang Thai by its citizens; but by others, by the exonym Siam, identified with the Sanskrit Śyāma (meaning "dark" or "brown"). * The word Thai is not, as commonly believed, derived from the word Thai meaning "independence" in the Thai language; it is, however, the name of an ethnic group from the central plains (the Thai people). * The Thai use the phrase "land of the freedom" that expresses pride in the fact that Thailand is the only country in Southeast Asia never colonized by a European power. * History shows that Thailand gained its current form, and staved off colonialism, by negotiating with England and France, to keep them from attacking. * France and England had been fighting for a thousand years or so, with the battles often occurring far from their home lands. They had even tussled in India when England was trying to get the French off their base. * But when they approached Siam, they had different strategy. England believed in the concept of “buffer states” where a neutral territory was created or maintained in order that the two warring countries were not directly in contact with each other. France was less concerned about this. * In formal talks, the French proposed to divide Siam into two parts. They proposed that the Chao Praya River be the dividing line, and that the French hold all of Siam to the east, and that Britain take all of Siam to the west including all of the peninsular lands down to what is now Malaysia. This would connect the British held territory of Burma to their Straits Settlements (Malaysia and Singapore). * Britain rejected this, wanting to continue with the buffer state * Finally, in 1896 the two countries signed a treaty saying they would support the independence of Siam against any third party (Russia, and especially Germany, were both nosing around Siam, seeing what parts they could pick off.) * This was a major diplomatic triumph for Siam, which managed to keep its independence although France was determined to take it over. * Although Siam had to give up some territory that it had previously held sway over, it managed to retain its freedom, a majority of its land, and all of the land inhabited by Thai language speaking people. * In 1941 the Thais decided to attack the French to seize back some of the Cambodian and Laotian territory they were forced to concede in 1893. The Thais celebrated this by building the monument known today as “Victory Monument” in the Bangkok center. * The politics of Thailand is currently conducted within the framework of a constitutional monarchy * The Prime Minister is the head of government and a hereditary Monarch is head of state. * The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislative branches. *Constitution: provides the basis for the rule of law in Thailand -Article 4 of the 2007 Constitution : "The human dignity, rights, liberty and equality of the people shall be protected. *Government: formally the Royal Thai Government (RTG), is the unitary government of the Kingdom of Thailand * As of December 2014, Thailand is ruled by a military junta, the National Council for Peace and Order, which has partially repealed the 2007 constitution, declared martial law and nationwide curfew, banned political gatherings, arrested and detained politicians and anti-coup activists, imposed internet censorship and taken control of the media. *Bhumibol Adulyadej is the King of Thailand. He is also known as Rama IX, as he is the ninth monarch of the Chakri Dynasty. * The king has reigned since 1946 as the world's longest-serving current head of state and the country's longest-reigning monarch. * The King of Thailand's titles include Head of State, Head of the Armed Forces, Adherent of Buddhism, and Upholder of religions. * The king's power is not limited to being a symbolic figurehead, and the institution commands the respect and reverence of many Thai people * The Prime Minister of Thailand is the head of government of Thailand. He is also the chair of the Cabinet of Thailand.
* The Prime Minister is appointed by the
majority vote in the Thai House of Representatives, and is then sworn-in by the King of Thailand.
* In accordance with the constitution,
the prime minister can only be appointed twice and is therefore limited to a maximum of two consecutive terms. *The foreign relations of Thailand are handled by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. • Thailand participates fully in international and regional organisations. It is a major non-NATO ally and Priority Watch List Special 301 Report of the United States. • The country remains an active member of ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations). • Thailand has developed increasingly close ties with other ASEAN members: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Laos, Cambodia, Burma, and Vietnam, whose foreign and economic ministers hold annual meetings. • In 2003, Thailand served as APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) host. • Dr. Supachai Panitchpakdi, the former Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand, currently serves as Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). * Tourism in Thailand makes up about 6% of the economy. * Prostitution in Thailand and sex tourism also form part of the economy. Cultural milieu combined with poverty and the lure of money have caused prostitution and sex tourism in particular to flourish in Thailand. * One estimate published in 2003 placed the trade at US$4.3 billion per year or about 3% of the Thai economy. * According to research by Chulalongkorn University on the Thai illegal economy, prostitution in Thailand in the period between 1993 and 1995, made up around 2.7% of the GDP. * It is believed that at least 10% of tourist dollars are spent on the sex trade. * Prostitution is illegal, although in practice, it is tolerated and partly regulated. * Thailand's prevalent religion is Theravada Buddhism. * According to the 2000 census, 94.6% of the country's population self-identified as Buddhists of the Theravada tradition. * Muslims constitute the second largest religious group in Thailand, comprising 4.6% of the population. * Christians represent 0.7% of the population, with the remaining population consisting of Sikhs and Hindus, who live mostly in the country's cities. * There is also a small but historically significant Jewish * Thai culture has been shaped by many influences, including Indian, Lao, Burmese, Cambodian, and Chinese. * Thailand's national religion, Theravada Buddhism, is central to modern Thai identity. * The official calendar in Thailand is based on the Eastern version of the Buddhist Era (BE), which is 543 years ahead of the Gregorian (Western) calendar. Thus the year 2015 is 2558 BE in Thailand. * Several different ethnic groups, many of which are marginalised, populate Thailand. * Some of these groups spill over into Burma, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia and have mediated change between their traditional local culture, national Thai, and global cultural influences. * The traditional Thai greeting, the wai, is generally offered first by the younger of the two people meeting, with their hands pressed together, fingertips pointing upwards as the head is bowed to touch face to fingertips, usually coinciding with the spoken words "sawatdi khrap" for male speakers, and "sawatdi kha" for females. * As with other Asian cultures, respect towards ancestors is an essential part of Thai spiritual practice. * Thailand is a hierarchical society. * The social position and the age is decisive for the behavior of the Thais among one another. * Generally the oldest or socially highest ranking person receives the most respect. * Parents are superior to their children, teachers to their students, and bosses to their subordinates. * When Thais meet a stranger, they will immediately try to place him/her within a hierarchy so they know how to treat him/her. * Status can be determined by clothing and general appearance, age, job, education, family name, and social connections * Thais place great emphasis and value on outward forms of courtesy such as politeness, respect, genial demeanor and self-control in order to maintain harmonious relations. * Many of their rules of etiquette are by-products of the Buddhist religion. * It is a non-confrontational society, in which public dispute or criticism is to be avoided at all costs. * To be openly angry with someone might attract the wrath of the spirits, which in turn could cause violence and tragedy * Openly criticizing a person is a form of violence as it hurts the person and is viewed as a conscious attempt to offend the person being rebuked * Loss of face is a disgrace to a Thai so they try to avoid confrontations and look for compromises in difficult situations. * If two parties disagree, one will need to have an outlet to retreat without losing face. * Thais prefer doing business with people they respect. * Relationships develop slowly and do not flourish after one meeting; it may take several meetings. * They are always respectful and courteous when dealing with others as this leads to the harmonious relationships necessary within business. * Thai communication is formal and non-verbal communication is often more important than verbal communication * Rank is always respected. The eldest person in the group is revered. * It is difficult for most Thais to say no, so you must be cognizant of their non- verbal communication. * Watch your body language and facial expressions, as these will be believed over your words *Written literature dates back to the Sukhothai period (1250– 1350), and earlier traditions. *The oldest known poem, the Suphasit Phra Ruong, was written in the late 1200s. The Traiphum Khatha (1345), is a treatise on Buddhist cosmology. *Poetry from the fifteenth century includes epics, poems based on the life of Buddha, and the Lilit Phra Lo, Thailand's first love story. *The reign of King Narai in the seventeenth century is considered the golden age of Thai literature. *Most of this literary work consisted of epics and love stories written in poetic form. *Cau Fa Thamathibet (1715–1755) is famous for so-called boat songs, which abound in mythical allusions. * * The eighteenth century saw the emergence of a new genre of poetry, lakhon. This was a type of theatrical poetry. * King Rama II was a poet, and during his reign epics expanded in scale and in performance. * During the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), prose writing emerged and poetry became more realistic. * Prince Damrong Ratchanuphap (1861–1947) compiled histories of Thai literature. * The modern period has witnessed the emergence of many new forms of poetry and popular fiction. * This fiction is realistic, often portraying the lives of common people and the underclass in the face of adversity. * While most of the stories are set in central Thailand, there has also been regional literature which are set in the northeast. * Since the 1970s a good deal of fiction and poetry has focused on social criticism. * “Tales” are “the stories that are passed down orally for generations such as, Jataka Tales and the Tales of Isop”. * “Tales” are stories passed down for generations and they are regarded as cultural heritage. * Most tales are told stories but there are also many tales in the written forms. * It was further explained that tales are stories generally told with out intention to disclose their actual origins. * The objectives are mostly to bring fun and joy while sometimes the moral precept can also be inserted as part of the story. * Tales are not only tales for children. There are many adult tales and they are only appropriate for adults. * Folk tale is told with ordinary words. It is a prose, not a verse. * There is no indication of the original story teller. It is usually referred that the story has been told from their precedents who were important persons in the past 1. Fairy Tales 2. Legend 8. Religious tales 3. Explanatory Tale 9. Jakata tales 4. Romantic tales 10. Myths 5. Ghost tales 11. Animal Tale 6. Hero tales 12. Jests 7. Fables 13. Formula tale 14. riddle tale * Sunthorn Phu (1786-1855) is perhaps the only classical Thai author who is not a member of the nobility or royalty, which is one of the reasons he is known in Thailand as the "poet of the people." * Poetry in the hands of the royalty had been formal and ornate, the content much less important than the rhetorical display. Sunthorn introduced a simpler language and measured much more significance to the content of his poems; through these choices he has had a great impact on poetry in Thailand. * Phu's career as a royal poet began in the reign of King Rama II, and when the king died, he resigned from the role and became a monk. Twenty years later, in the reign of King Rama III, he returned to court as a royal scribe, where he remained for the rest of his life. * Phu had an opportunity to work in the palace with his mother, where he eventually fell in love with a lady in the palace named Jun, who was related to the Royal family. * The couple were arrested and punished because their relationship violated the traditional social order, but they were pardoned on the king's death. * Phu returned to the palace, married Jun where they had a child. It was at this time that King Rama II appointed him court poet. * However, the couple were not married long, divorcing after Phu had an affair with another woman. * Phu became an alcoholic, and, around 1821, was jailed after a fight. * He began the epic poem, Phra Aphai Mani in prison, and published it in installments over the next twenty years. The epic tale follows the title character, Prince Aphai Mani, a Byronic hero, in his romantic adventures throughout ancient Thailand. * King Rama II was so pleased with Phu's poetry that he awarded him the title of "Khun". * During the reign of King Rama III, however, Phu made the grave mistake of publicly correcting one of the king's poems, and was stripped of his title as punishment. * After this disgrace, he initially entered the Buddhist priesthood, but later became a merchant. * King Rama IV's daughter read his unfinished work Phra Aphai Mani, and asked the poet to complete it. * King Rama IV appointed Phu as Director of Royal Scribes, and awarded him the title of "Phra". * He spent the rest of his life at peace until he died in 1855. * Phu left behind a legacy of poems that have become famous over time because of their description of Thai history. * In 1986, the 200th anniversary of his birth, Phu was honored by UNESCO as a great world poet. * A statue of Phu was erected in Klaeng District, Rayong Province, the birthplace of his father. * His birthday, June 26, is celebrated in Thailand as Sunthorn Phu day. * Monuments of two characters from his epic work, Phra Aphai Mani have been erected on Ko Samet's Hat Sai Kaeo beach—the title character (Prince Aphai Mani) and the siren/mermaid character. * Prince Damrong: Phu was commoner whose verse, even though melodious and partaking of common speech, was simply “market verse.” Moreover, Sunthorn Phu had two bad flaws, namely, drunkenness and amorousness. * Prince Chand Chirayu Rajani: he was a world-class bard like Chaucer or Shakespeare * A woman poet accused Suthorn Phu of having written fictitious stories for ignorant people. * In “Maxim for the Conduct of Ladies,”Sunthorn Phu, wrote in 1855: “Take small, graceful steps when walking outside.” Do not “swing your arms back and forth” or “allow your breasts to swing or raise your shawl as you go.” When speaking with others, “do not raise your voice or rasp.” “Do not run fingers through your hair...Do not stare at anything, particularly a man, to the point where he can tell what’s going on in your mind.” * On married life Sunthorn Phu advised women:
Love and be faithful to your husband
Be humble in front of your husband When you husband goes to bed, wai him at his feet every night without fail. When he aches and pains, massage him, then you may go to sleep Get up before your husband and prepare water for him to wash While your husband is eating, sit and watch him near by so that when he needs something he does not have to raise his voice. Wait until he finishes before you eat. *The 30,000-line Phra Aphai Mani is regarded as Thailand’s most famous literary work. *“The story of Plai Ngarm” lay outside the main plot. However, Sunthorn Phu availed himself to the opportunity and turned it into one of the best sections of the epic. The episode is an educational story complete in itself. In it, the hero is seen from birth to manhood * At one point in the story, Plai Ngarm went to visit his father, Khun Phan, in prison. Sunthorn Phu must have lent to the hero his experience of going to see his father in Rayong, as the poet seemed quite familiar with it. So when Plai Ngarm pleaded to stay in prison with his father, Khun Phan said him vehemently :
No son, you cannot stay here.
The prison life is full of suffering. It’s like a living hell Where severe punishment never cases. * Phu wrote about the time he came to Wat Thepthida in Ramha Philap (Lamentations):
Oh, how everything was against me then!
Even white ants made their way to my bedroom. They ate the mat and destroyed all my books. It was distressing to think of those books! And the yellows robes I used to wear Had holes in them like my weeping eyes. * In 1842, he made a trip to the Great Stupa in Nakon Pathom and wrote Nirat Phra Prathom. This certainly is one of Sunthorn Phu’s greatest. It could be explained that the poet made the trip as a monk, but he wrote the work as a man. I salute the Pagoda of the Holy Relics : May the true religion live forever. I make merit, so the Buddha helps me Increase my power to attain enlightenment And I’d like my words, my book. To preserve, till the end of time and heavens, Sunthorn the scribe who belongs To the King of the white Elephant. * 20th century Thai writers tended to produce light fiction rather than literature. * But increasingly, individual writers are being recognized for producing more serious works, including writers like Kukrit Pramoj, Kulap Saipradit, (penname Siburapha), and Botan. * Some of the their works have been translated into English. * The Isan region of Thailand has produced two notably sociocritical writers in Khamsing Srinawk and Pira Sudham. * Khamsing Srinawk is a writer from the Isan region of Thailand. He writes under the pen-name Law khamhɔ̌ɔm). * He was named a National Artist in Literature in 1992 and is best known for his satirical short stories published in his 1958 collection Fáa Bɔ̀ Kân. https://www.google.com.ph/?gws_rd=ssl#q=king+of+t hailand http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Thaila nd http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Thai land http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Thailand http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_ Thailand http://www.stickmanbangkok.com/ReadersSubmissio ns2014/reader8591.htm http://www.kochangvr.com/thailandssociety/familys tructures.htm * http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global -etiquette/thailand-country-profile.html * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_literature * http://factsanddetails.com/southeast- asia/Thailand/sub5_8e/entry-3253.html * http://www.thaifolk.com/doc/literate/tales/categ ory_e.htm