ISSN 2319-8885

Vol.03,Issue.08,
May-2014,
Pages:1408-1410
www.semargroup.org,
www.ijsetr.com

Job Safety Analysis in Material Handling

S.M.S.NANDHA KUMAR1, M.GNANASEKARAN2
1
Dept of Industrial Engineering, K.S.R College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India.
2
Dept of Mechanical Engineering, K.S.R College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India.

Abstract: Engineering industry involves production and manufacturing of large amount of quality products. While producing
such large number of products it involves material handling of hazardous equipment’s. Such equipment’s are dangerous to the
worker’s life, who is involved in material handling. It may lead to accidents, explosion, fire and many hazards. Proper safety
system is to be employed in the process industries for the worker’s safe life. During handling the materials, a hazard has been
identified and the risk to worker’s health assessed, an appropriate prevention or control strategy is required. JSA (Job Safety
Analysis) is qualitative techniques that focus on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the
relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment. Selection of job is based on the accident
frequency, severity, new job or non-routine job and repetitive exposure. JSA in material handling also reduces the ergonomical
hazards.

Keywords: Control, JSA, Hazard, SOP.

I. INTRODUCTION
In my project I am going to use the job safety analysis to
identify and assess all hazards for material handling. A job
safety analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a
way to identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the
relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the
work environment. In the industries they use some chemicals
and flammable items for manufacturing process. Those items
should be handled very carefully or else it gets exploded and
affects the environment and people. In order to prevent from
any accidents or dangerous occurrence’s the safe operating
procedure for the job should be improved. These analyses are
used to analysis the safety system employed in the industry
and further steps needed to be taken. Each analysis has its
own ways to check for hazards and to provide control
measures. The control measures may be based upon the
severity and could be change in procedures, exposures,
method of work and PPE’s.
II. JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
A core challenge faced by emergency managers is how to
prevent, prepare, mitigate, respond and recover from a
myriad of hazards. Several questions arise when faced with
this challenge: What hazards exist in my area? How
frequently do they occur? How severe can their impact be on
the community, infrastructure, property, and the
environment? Which hazards pose the greatest threat to the
community? A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses
on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. It
focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the
tools, and the work environment. A Job Safety Analysis
(JSA) is a method that can be used to identify, analyze and
record
1. The steps involved in performing a specific job,
2. The existing or potential safety and health hazards
associated with each step, and
3. The recommended action(s)/procedure(s) that will
eliminate or reduce these hazards and the risk of a
workplace injury or illness.
It helps to be aware of all the hazards associated with each
position in your organization, to prevent work related deaths,
injuries, eliminating or controlling hazards, to ensure all
employees have the proper job procedures to ensure their
safety and to ensure all employees have the training,
equipment, and supplies to do their jobs safely.
III. CONDUCTING THE ANALYSIS
 Select job to be analyzed Based on accident frequency,
severity, new job or non routine job and repetitive
exposure,
 Separate the job into basic steps
 Identify the hazards in each step
Considering all logical possibilities and conditions should
also be taken in account Control measures and recording.
IV. METHODOLOGY
A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job
tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. It
focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the
tools, and the work environment. Helps to take steps to
eliminate or reduce the hazard to an acceptable level.

Copyright @ 2014 SEMAR GROUPS TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.

 S.M.S.NANDHA KUMAR, M.GNANASEKARAN
 Identifying the hazards or potential hazards associated 3. Revise work procedures
with each step of a job and
 Finding effective control measures to prevent or
eliminate exposure Identifying job or task to be
analyzed.
Jobs should be identified on the following priority basis:
 Tasks with a history of injuries, or near misses.
 Catastrophic potential: fire, explosion, chemical
release, toxic atmospheres, oxygen deficient
atmospheres.
 Tasks done in new environments.
 Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to
a severe accident or injury.
 Jobs which involve repetitive exposures.
 Based on accident FR and SR.
Breaking down the job and task into single steps:
A job should be broken down into a sequence of setups;
each describing what is being done. This part of the analysis
is usually prepared by knowing or watching a worker do the
job. The job should be observed during normal times and
situations.
The two common errors which are to be avoided:
 Making the breakdown so detailed that an unnecessarily
large number of steps results,
 Making the job breakdown so general that basic steps are organisational performance in shell bonny terminal integrated
not recorded.
Identify hazards and potential accidents:
To identify all hazards - both those produced by the
environment and those connected with the job procedure.
Each step, and thus the entire job, must be made safer and
more efficient. Considering all logical possibilities and
conditions should also be taken in account to identify hazards
in each step. A question about each step provides type of
hazards to be identified. It may be in procedure, equipment,
human, system and sometimes environment.
Providing control measures and recording:
The final stage in a JSA is to determine ways to eliminate
or control the hazards identified. The generally accepted
measures, in order of preference, are:
1. Eliminate the Hazard
This is the most effective measure. These techniques
should be used to eliminate the hazards:
 Choose a different process.
 Modify an existing process.
 Substitute with less hazardous substance.
 Improve environment (ventilation).
 Modify or change equipment or tools
2. Contain the hazard
If the hazard cannot be eliminated, contact might be
prevented by using enclosures, machine guards, worker
booths or similar devices.
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.03, IssueNo.08, May-2014, Pages: 1408-1410
Consideration might be given to modifying steps which are
hazardous, changing the sequence of steps, or adding
additional steps (such as locking out energy sources).
4. Reduce the exposure
These measures are the least effective and should only be
used if no other solutions are possible. One way of
minimizing exposure is to reduce the number of times the
hazard is encountered. An example would be modifying
machinery so that less maintenance is necessary. The use of
appropriate personal protective equipment may be required.
To reduce the severity of an accident, emergency facilities,
such as eyewash stations, may need to be provided.
V. CONCLUSION
Material handling hazards have been more impact on
employees in industries. It even affects the employee,
environment and product. In order to prevent such hazards
affecting employees and it premises certain analysis is to be
used. Job safety analysis provides proper remedial measures.
These methods are done by questionnaire method and also
provided the procedure for the handling the materials while
the employee involve in the job. Safety Instructions, Extract
of MSDS, PPE matrix and Safe Operating Procedures were
updated.
VI. REFERENCES
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 Job Safety Analysis in Material Handling
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[11] Gm Khalil, A-R Refat, R Am Hammam(2009) Job

Hazards Analysis Among A Group Of Surgeons At Zagazig
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[12] Han-Hsiang Wang, and Frank Boukamp, Ontology-

Based Representation and Reasoning Framework for
Supporting Job Hazard Analysis.

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.03, IssueNo.08, May-2014, Pages: 1408-1410