Quantum dots defined

by lithographically
patterned gate
electrodes, or by
etching on two-
dimensional electron
gasses in
semiconductor
heterostructures can
have lateral dimensions
between 20 and 100
nm.

quantum dots are small

regions of one material
buried in another with a
larger band gap. These
can be so-called core–
shell structures

quantum dots are

Quantum dots
typically between 5 and
sometimes occur
50 nm in size
DEFINE spontaneously in
quantum well
structures due to
monolayer fluctuations
Quantum dots (QDs) are
in the well's thickness.
tiny semiconductor
particles a few
nanometres in sizE Individual quantum
dots can be created
from two-dimensional
electron or hole gases
They are a central topic present in remotely
in nanotechnology doped quantum wells or
semiconductor
heterostructures called
Larger QDs of 5–6 nm lateral quantum dots
diameter emit longer
wavelengths, with
colors such as orange or
red. Smaller QDs (2–3
nm) emit shorter
wavelengths, yielding
colors like blue and SIZE light absorption
green generally leads to an
electron being excited
from the valence to the
conduction band,
Their small size allows leaving behind a hole
for some QDs to be
suspended in solution,
which may lead to use the energy of the
in inkjet printing and emitted photon can be
spin-coating understood as the sum
of the band gap energy
between the highest

QUANTUM occupied level and the

lowest unoccupied
energy level, the
The term "quantum
dot" was coined in
DOTS confinement energies
of the hole and the
1986.They were first excited electron, and
discovered in a glass the bound energy of the
matrix and in colloidal
solutions by Alexey
OPTICAL exciton

Ekimov and Louis Brus.

PROPERTIES

Photovoltaic devices it was shown that the

lifetime of fluorescence
is determined by the
Quantum dot only solar size of the quantum
cells dot.
electron-hole pairs in
larger dots live longer
Quantum dot in hybrid
causing larger dots to
solar cells
APPLICATIONS show a longer lifetime

Light emitting diodes

Photodetector devices
Photocatalyst

Quantum dot with diode lasers, amplifiers,

nanowire in solar cellse and biological sensors

POTENTIAL plasmon resonance

APPLICATION photodynamic therapy,

photovoltaic devices,
molecular electronics,
and catalysis.