PROPERTIES OF AIR A Manual for Use in Biophysical Ecology THIRD EDITION C. Richard Trocy William R. Welch Warren P. Porter The University of WisconsinTechnical Report No. 4 PROPERTIES OF AIR A Nanual for Use in Biophysical Ecology ©. Richard Tracy William R. Welch Warren P, Porter i980 Laboratory for Biophysical Ecology 1117 West Johnson Street Zoology Research Building Department of Zoology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, WI 53706This manual was made possible by the invaluable assistance of Ann Chambers and Cheryle Hughes. Financial support was provided by grants from the Department of Zoology, Wisconsin Alumi Research Foundation, ERDA (Contract BY-76-5-02-2270), and NSF (Grants Nos. 74-19454 and 77-25786). Copies of this manual are available on request from the authors.~ First edition 1973 Second edition 1978 Third edition 1980 Present address for CR Department of Zoology and Entomology Colorado State University Ft. Collins, cO 805231. ql. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Introduction. ee Tables ease tunes a eee ae a ee Derived units 2.0 ee ee ee ee Ror oqcccomouoo0ueubu oo Conversion factors... ee eee eee Physical constants... es eee ee ee ae Percent relative humidity over saturated solutions . Percent relative humidity over saturated solutions at 20 Percent relative humidity over saturated solutions at 25 Efficiency of drying agents at 25°C... .. + Water potential of NaCl solutions .......- Water potential of KCl solutions... ....- Preparation of standard nolal solutions ... - Graphs. Black-body emittance (), Wm? . 22... eee Density of dry air (p), kgm. . 5 Dew point temperature (£4), °C... +. Diffusivity of water vapor in air (D), nts. . bynamic viscosity of air (.), kemb stl... Group of variables in Grashof number (y), a? Kt 2 Kinematic viscosity of air at 100 000. Pa (v), Latent heat of vaporization of water (Z), J kg! . Mixing ratio over water at 100 000. Pa (@,), kg kg” Relative humidity (rh), % 2-6. eee ee eee Specific heat of air at 100 000. Pa (o,,), J ke Standard atmospheric pressure ()), Ba. - + = Temperature (Cp) > anes eee eee ‘Temperature coefficient of volume expansion for dry air (ji), kK” Page 46 LiIv. Section Thermal conductivity of air (k), Wm Vapor density over water (p,), ke a” Vapor pressure over water (e), Pa Virtual temperature increment at 100 000. Pa (A), K Water potential (¥), Pa Wavelength of maximum emittance from black-body (+), @ Wet bulb temperature (#,), °C Computer programs Subroutine DRYAIR Subroucine WETAIR References . . Page 32 - 33 . 35 - 38 39ANTRODUCTION ‘This manual comprises a series of tables and graphs that illustrate selected properties of air as functions of temperature, pressure, and humidity. The particular properties that are displayed were chosen because of their importance in analytical studies of energy (heat) and mass (water) transfer between organisms and their physical environments. Except where otherwise noted, the graphs were drawn from information in the Smithsonian Meteorological Tables (List 1971). These graphs are intended to be consise references for the values of the indicated properties, and not substitutes for the more accurate Smithsonian tables. All information in this manual is expressed in terms of the International System of Units (SI), which is based, in part, on the metre, kilogram, second, and kelvin. Basic units, derived units, prefixes, and some useful physical constants and conversion factors are listed below. More extensive lists are provided by List (1971), Mechtly (1973), and the Symbols Coumittee of the Royal Society (1975). Note that the symbol for a physical quantity is an italicized (slanted) letter of the Roman or Greek alphabet, and the unit for a quantity is indicated by an unitalicized (upright) Roman letter. An equation is provided as a mathematical description of each graph. In addition, two FORTRAN subroutines that calculate all of the information in the grap! are listed. Two of the equations in subroutine DRY, AR (thermal conductivity of air and latent heat of vaporization of water) are linear regressions that were fit to tabular data, All other equations in DRYAIR were taken from the Smithsonian tables.ALL humidity calculations in subroutine Wi AIR ace nade with the internationally accepted Goff-Gratch equation (function VAPPRS ta sub- routine WETAIR). A mathematically less cumbersome and often more useful alternative was reported by Tetens (Murray 1967); calculacions with this equation differ negligibly from those with the Goff-Gratch expression. Tetens's equation is provided on page 21 to calculate the saturation vapor pressure (24%) at the dew poine Cemperature (14). Note that this equation can also be used to calculate the saturation vapor pressure (o*) at the dry bulb temperature (¢) if ¢ replaces ¢4, and the saturation vapor pressure (e,*) at the wet bulb temperature (2) If 2, replaces tg. The relationship wet bulb temperature to dry bulb temperature, vapor density, and relative humidity is shown in the psychrometric diagram on page 33- Mathematical expressions for sone properties of ait that are dependen on humidity are not available. The equations for these propertivs are restricted to dry air in this manual; the accompanying graphs, however, include comparisons for saturated air, shown by brokea Lines, from the theoretical calculations of Mason and Nonchick (1965)Table 1. Basic units Quantity unit inte Sgnt length z metre a mass kilogram ke. time t second s thermodynamic temperature r kelvin k Table 2. Derived units ‘Rysical yuantéty quantity Synbol oi force P newton Nu Ly energy 5 joule J Nn pressure p pascal Pa 8 power P wate volume Vv cubic metre w n Celsius a e degree m7 re temperature Celsius The Celsius temperature (¢) is expressed in terms of the thermody conperature (i) as ¢ = Jf), where Zy is 273.15 K by definition. Yable 3. Prefixes Preis ’ deca da heeto a kilo k nega % giga ©Table 4 Conversfor factors Force dyne = 10° ye kilogram force = 9.86 63 Ne ounce foree = 2.780 158 3 x 1077 pound force = 4.448 221 615 260 5 N* Energy British thermal unit (thermochemical) = 1.054 350 x 10° caloric (thermechemical) = 4.184 J* watt hour = 3.50 % 10 Jt Pressure bar = 10° Pax 4° 1 centimetre of vater (4 °C) = 9.806 38 x lab Ms nilligetre of mercury (0 °C) = 1.333 224 x 10 ba pound per square inch = 6.894 757 x 10° Pa 913 25 x LO? Pa standard atmosphere torr (0 °C) = 1.353 224 #10" Pa Power British thermal uni: (thermochemical) per second = 1.054 calorie (thermochemical) per sceond = 4.184 W 6.97) 3330 x 10 calorie (theraoche r minute kilocalorie (thermochenical) per hour = 8,404 267 5 1071 Volume eubic foot = 2.831 639 2m gallon (1.8. Licuid) = 3.785 410 786 «107 pie litre Ligaid) 4.734 704 73 x 10 nb pint @ quart (U.S. Liquid) « 9.463 529 5 x 1074 py? (cont inued) «Table 4 (continued) Length Foot = 3.048 x 107) mt inch = 2.54 x 10°? m# mile (U.S. statute) = 1,609 344 x 10° m# nile (U.S. nautical) = 1.852 x 10° m* yard = 9.144 x 107) at Nass ounce = 2.834 952 312 5 x 107? kg* pound = 4.535 923 7 x 107 kg* ton (short, 2000 pound) = 9.071 847 4 x 10” kee xact, by definitionYable 3, Physical constants wuantt Deasity of dry air at 25°C and 101 325, Pax PB 1.186 Diffusivicy of water vapor in air at 25°C and 101 325. Pat p 2.614 Dynamic viscosity of dry air at 25ece a 1.806 Gas constant for ideal gas # 8.314 Gas constant for water vapor 4.615 ; Gravitational constant u 6.673 Kinematic viscosity of dry og A air at 25°C and 101 325. ¥ax v 1,523 x 10 wi Latent heat of vaporization of 6 water at 25°ct L 2.442 x 10 J kg Molecular weight of dry air My 2.896 6 x 10 ke mol! Molecular weight of water 1.800 6 8107 ke nos! Specific heat of dry air e, Loos a 0d kg! Standard pressure Pg 1013-25 « 10 Pa Standard temperature re Stefan-Boltzmann constant ° 5.670 32 = 10 Wow ermal conductivity of dry 2 el air at 25°C« 2.601 x 10 wom ‘variable that is functionally related co other properties in this manual.table 6. Percent relative humidity over saturated solutions as a function of From Winston and Bates (1960). temperature. sycl NtigtlPU, (monophosphate) Nigh, NH,NO, + NaNO, SH NO, + AgNO, Gi), 80, sacl «on. o2 CaCl, “oHi,0 np CaHPo, “21,0 ne 4 Call, (P04) 51150 ca(WO,) 5-48 cryyy Glucose Lich-H,08 i 9 Po(N0,) (805) y#NH,NOG Ly *olly0 Hg (NO 4) 7 61,0 2 Pps Kae kar K05-24,000 (continued) 0, 79.0 75.0 58.0 70.5 80.5 38.0 97.5 98.0 37.0 13.5 98.0 66.5 0 38.0 00.0 (21.0) 86.0 47.0 (ae °c) (a2 °c) 79.5 81.0 35.0 99.5 99.0 56.0 72.5 13.0 97.0 62.0 34.0 56.0 00.0 44.0 Temperature, 95.0 94.0 55.5 67.0 (39.0) 55.0 12.5 97.0 58.0 33.0 55.0 00.0 20.0 84.0 44.0 50-0 80.0 29.5 97.0 96.0 50.5 55.0 53.0 00.0Lo Table 6 (continued) io kel 88.0 k,cro, -- K,Cr,0, - KUL,Po, 98.0 Ke+2njo! a xwo,1? 96.0 KNo, = Ky80, 98.5 xens!? 52.0 & tartrate’ - kNa tartratel? 87.5 PyrecatechoL oe Rexorinol -- Agio3 88.0 AgNO +P (KO), 84.0 Kade 3H,0 -- Nabe -2u,01° 63.0 Nagcv3+Lok,o!? (99.0) Natl 76.5 Nacl+KCL - NayCr0,,*4H20 -- Nagcr 07 -4,0"® 60.0 NaOH G5) Nal - Nanos 113 Nawog - (continued) 99.0 95.0 86.8 83.0 48.5 98.0 47.0 87.0 95.5 87.0 92.0 76.0 70.0 38.0 76.0 65.5 98.0 96.0 30.5, 46.5 75.0 87.0 93.5 85.0 82.0 73.5 73.0 84.5, 86.5, 97.5 43.5 74.0 87.0 92.5 82.5 80.0 87.0 73.5 71.0 645 (4.0) 36.0 72.5 63.9Table 6 (continued) 10 45 20, NayS0,,+101120 = - (93.0) a cartratel? = 94.0 92.0 92.0 92.0 o vrea als 80.0 80.0 76.0 33 = ZnCl" Vsit,07° (10.0) (20.0) 10.0 - (10.0) - zn$0, +7H,071 -- - - 88.5 - = tparentheses around a value of relative humidity indicate some doubt of accuracy. *vay be unstable around 20 °C. Sway be a transition point between 15 and 20 °C. “calcium monophosphate. >vood up to 42 °C. Uncertain around 20 °C, large temperature coefficient. Other researchers report 40% at 30 * LiCL*XH0 + LiCL*H,O at 12.5 °C. Solution slightly acid due to hydrolysis, but stable. Eee *should be granulated then moistened; powdered form is unstable. Tee zuyu > KF at 50%. ‘2 arge temperature coefficient. very toxic. ““yotassium tartrate. Excellent. potassium sodium tartrate (Rochelle salts). Good only below 40 °C. e004 up te 5. °c, large temperature coefficient. *yaco3*1OH,0..+..2Na,60,*H,0 at 32 °C. is 2 ers Very good; small temperature coefficient. Youis is also Listed with one water of hydration, instead of twos good only bulow i “Svastable around 20 °C. *\Go0d below 10 °CTable 7. Percent relative humidicy over saturated solutions at 20 °C. Prom Winston and Bates (1960). owned, relative siumidit; Compoun Bal, * 24,0 44.0 NaliS0, 52.0 caso, “21,0 98.0 Nabro, 92.0 Mg(Ae) "41,0 : aN, HKD .e be(Ac) “4,0 65.0 NaNO,;+4N0 i ‘Mgso,* TAU 90.0 Na lPO, + 7H, 95.0 MnCl, 41,0 57.5 Naso 95.0 NiCL, “6U,0 53.5 RaCns 33.5 HPO, 9.0 Na7803 78.0 a an 2 xuso, 86.0 2u(N0,), 42.0 Kuro, 44.5 *Good only below 29.6 °C.lable 8. Percent relative humidity over saturated solutions at 25 Winston and Bates (1960). Compound Bal, "24,0 va (CNS) )*2H,0 cade, *H,0 Cade, “HO + sucrose cabr, cal, “6110 Ca methane sulphonate Lagainu,), “4,0 ca 973H,0 60(NO,) 9*6H,0 cube, CuCl, “28,0 Cu(No,) »*61,0 2 Ethanolamine sulphate Febr 61,0 (continued) Relative Humidity 73.0 17.0 13.0 16.5 11.5 37.5 175 20.0 45.5 425 41.5 (49.0) 62.5 67.0 (35.0) 32.5 39.0 Compound Mgs0, *78,0 Ng(CNS) MaBr “61,0 MCL “41,0 2 MBr, “31,0 NACL, “61,0 Hypo, KBr + sucrose Br + Urea Kc10, Kel + KC1O3 KuCo, (Formate) OH K,P)05" 31,0 K 8,0, Nadc + sucrose NaCl + sucrose jal + NaNO NaCl + 7 NaCl + NayS0,*7H,0 Na,PO, Na methane sulphonate NaMn0, * 3H,0 °c. From 69.0) sl14 Yable 8 (continued) FeCl 4i1,0 60.0 Sry, *6liy0 58.5 Libr: Srl," 0 Abr‘ 2H,0 Sri, "61,0 33.0 Li+3i1,0 18.0 Sr (CNS) 9° 3H,,0 B.S LANo 4H0 47.0 Sucrose 85.0 Licys* 42.5 Sucrose + urea 52.0 MgBr 64,0 31.5, znbr 8.5 2 2 Mel, 27.0 znly 20.0 Ng(C10,) "6110 (41.0) Zn (2nd, *6H0 SLU Ng silicofluoride 9.5 zn (CNS) , 80.5 4 2 i ght-sens itive. Sbrepare by mixing Ca(Ol)), + Zn0 + 4uCL. Parentheses around a value of relative humidity indicate some doubt of accuracy,Table 9. Efficiency of drying agents expressed as mass of water remaining per unit volume of air dried at 25 °C,and as relative humidity.* Compound P05 Mg(C10,) 9 Mg(C1O,) 9 +3H,0 KOH (fused) alo, 1,80, Ngo Naot (tused) cabry cao cacl, #80, (95%) cach, (fused) uch, “abr, cuso, Have, g a> (STPD) <2 x 10 <5 x 10 <2 x 10> 0,002 0.003 0.003 0.008 0.16 0.2 0.2 0.14-0.25 0.3 0.36 0.8 a La *kelative humidity calculated as 3.98 x mass. From Winston and Bates (1960). Relative Humidity, % e > 5 2 2 3 2 ° ° a < = ir w r e 50 AIR TEMPERATURE (f), °C33 30 80 I e 461.50 (t+ 273.15) Py % (44) ALIGINNH BALLVIBY g- 64 (") YALUM Y3AO ALISNIO YOdvA t AIR TEMPERATURE {{ s 0 rR & $ & 2 2 & g e: Od‘{a) YSIVM Y3AO 3YNSSAud YOdWA AIR TEMPERATURE (1), °C1+ 273.15 T VY) Od OOGOO) AV INBWAMON, BHOLVE BGA RL WWALMIA AIR TEMPERATURE (f), °C100 pert ie ee Ps he + ca a 1 Od ‘(*) TWILN3LOd 100 % RELATIVE HUMIDITY (rh).8 (t + 273.15) 2.897 x10 w (4X) AdOG-MOV1e WON4S JONVLLINT WOWIXYW 4O HLON3TZAVM AIR TEMPERATURE (f),°C38 C CHARACTERISTIC! c vb bed ODO Roar a Or c & c C sueRoUT * Computer Listing of Subroutine DRYAIR Live DRYATE CRY BP ALT ParTMOSs DENS TY + UT THCOND rH PQUFKE» TLOEFE » GOROUF DYN + UTSIRENY OT PUR EMIT » COT HAXD ie YO0100 1k ¥00200 SPER DIDO a aC HEISE COOH FIG DCF DCH RODE IPE EFA ACEI I oA OT 90 500 supROUT TE ON LATA FRO! SHI THSONTAN THE LF USER ALT 18 Ki Diemey DUE e P= BAROMETR, 101 32% SESS CI DESO HOO DDEDEB EOE QTE GAR TenLES bBRDOHEIDEO DI Se BOOB bE BEI Yo DRYATK CALCULATES SEVERAL Suputl AS OU. HIST Re NOUN Cor PenPEK A TURE 10 PRESSU rascals) COALTSALTITUME CHETRED STITUTION PRESS pur 1 MUST SUPPLY VALUES FOR 000, aut TNPU cnr GREE «PASCAL» Liasisb ols TaN THE INPUT 29 000+) PROPERTIE VARIABLES RELOW. SLTHSONLAN He TLORDLOGICAL s OF DRY ATK THE URYOOa00 AND RELATEDMRYOOSOO PROGRAK IS LASEDDRYOOSOO TABLES. i8¥00700 ne DRYOOBOO BRYOOvOO. YARLATLES (Lily BPs AND ALT) etRYO1000 BUT SOT BP THEN SET BPO. LRYO1100 DRYO1200 T_UBICTABLES oRibeHPBbORO Ha Dopo PERSO 500 ELST (BP at > owe STANDARU aT HUSEHERE RYO) 400 nRYO1500 pRYO1600 TRYO1700 Te YOL800 icy L900. 0 x huevo 100) PATHOS=STANIOR @THOSPHERTC PRESSURE (rascal) pRYO 2200 DENSTYSTENST IY CRELOGKAN PER CURTE METRE RYO: WISIN YNABTS YISCOSETE CCTLOBRAM PER RETRE SECOND) bee, SIMEKINERATIC UISCOSITY (SOLAR RETRE PEE SECORE) DRY! TMIFUPKOMTFENSIUTTY OF WATER VAPOR IN ATK CSRUARL HLTRE PER SECON) LR¥02600 THICUE THE RMA! CONRUC TIO PY CUTTER METRE KELUTD, TRYO2700 HOvPeLATEWT Hear OF UAPURLZAT EOL OF Ware CIOL PERK ILO6I0ey nisyousD0. TCOLPPTEAPERATURE COLFEIGTENT OF YOLUAE LxPARS TOR CL PER KELUTS wero2909. BGROUP=GROUP UF UARTARLES 0 GRASHDE RUMBLE CL Pee CULE METRE KELUTU ERE S000 PREM T=RLACK HOU CHUPTARCE WATE PER SIUARE ne TE nieyosto0. EA TAAX BOUL LAOS TH OF evcLAl RACH TAACE REIKI > LRYO3200 1icv0.5800 JERSE RSET ODE DCEO DDR EDR DES orb DEI BPE! BER IOBEP BERTIE 8.5400 1 Pete iret GENET Hesant renin Hewes sri BRETT Kal. SOAP EDR TST ans Hee maT ee a Ursuivie aes [oSece CARE YS Fwy a e-em "5 Hoe Sah wynie LAATL Db PCTS bev cane PSE 3. KCL isin yeKL OL KARO SE Le yAAD comer mw Lekavn LukyOs700 bRYO.3800 bRYOs?90 bROa000. BRyOaI00 mieyoa200 wieyeasoo. mieyoa 300. Iy04500 URY94G00 bE¥09700 Mieyosoo0. me y0H 100. RFS 200 bTONs00 pievosiao039 Computer Listing of Subroutine WETAIR SUBROUTINE UETAIR dbs Wite Rhee: SAE VE SAT eOMeBWe TUTRYTUTHE DERALKY UE TOOLOC THPHT VARIABLES ARE SHOW BELOW, THE USER MUST SUPPLY KHDUH UALUES — WETOI100 FUR OW ANE DP cnr AF Unt STANNARO GTHOSPHERE 15 101 325 PasCals) uETOL G9 * CesMTkeOT > ui DS bea UE OPO EO HIDE EEE SE CO CDE BRIDE SEE ACHES ORE OO EOE LE POE BU ¢ UE [SUBROUTINE METATE CALCULATES SEVERAL PROPERTIES OF HUTT AIK SHOU AS UE OUTPUT YARTATLES BELOW, — THE PROGRAM TS RAED ue EQUATIOS PROM LIST. ut [Re le 1971, SHLTHSCALTAN ALTEOROLOOTCAL TABLES. SHLTHSOW TAR ur CONSTITUTION PREC. WASHIBETON. GC. METATK MUST B€ USkG IM CONJUNCTIONUETOOROD (OWTTH FUNCTION LAPT UE TA0900 i UETo1000 CYALUES FOK THE REHALIMG UARTABLES ARE DETERMINED BY WHETHER THE USER METOL300 CHAS ECTHER C1) PSYCHROMETRIC TaTé CHR OK RHD* OR (2) HYGROMETETG Deva WETOLa0O cap) UE TOLs00 c UETo1609 GD PSYEHROMETRTE pate ur rot 700 Th WP 1 KNOWN RUT NGC RH THEN SET elt. AN DP=99e. ueTornes oUF RN IS KNOWH BUT HOT WR THEN SFT UBSo. ANI nP=999, uEToL 9900 © UETo2090 © (2 HyoRONE TIE ORTa: WET? 19. CrP DP 0% KNOW THEM SET Wo. ann RHO. UE 102200 f ueTe2300 GREE SCHOO EOeROCHOCREODLEEE TIPU var TABLES Job HrkiaceE Hopi aOR ORF OUETE 400 t UETO200 EMBSERY AULT TRAPERATURE COEOREE ceLsius) ue 102600 EB OURWET RULE TRAPCRATUEE CHEGRER CELSIUS) ue T2760 CO RUSRILAT CUE HURIIETY. PEI CENT) UETOZROO CONPSDEY POET TENPERATIRE CHPGRUT ceLSTUS» aE T02900 (GPSRAROAETRIC PRESSURE PASCAL» UeTOSa00 © Uer08100 CCR ECE HORRE RO OMODDE DOuRE OUTPUT UARTABL ES SberbrE DIA DOE II AIOE IOEEUETO S200 c UE T0R400 © F-YAPHIC PRESSURE cCeAstAL > UE Tosa00 (ESAT -S6TURAT ION YAPOK PRESSURE (PASCAL) weETOsSCO BOUP=VarDE RENSITY CK1LDORAN PER CURE AETRED ueT03800 CORUSRTSIND RATIO. CKTLaGRAM PER TLOBRAN? ue 193700 CE TUT-VIRTHAL TEMPERATURE. CKLLYLND ue Tos800. TVINC-VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE TWERENENT CkELYTN) uc 104900. CORENATE-OENSITY GF HUMID AIR (KILOGRAM FER CUBIC METRE? UETe4000. © CPSSPECIFIC HEAT OF AIK AT CONSTANT PRESSURE (JOULE PER KILOGRAM ueTo4100 KELUHD ucio4z00 WIRPOT!WATER POTENTIAL > ue T0400 ueT04400 AR Sa ROO GOR EOE ZOrA OCA DURE KOU ODER EDA BO GOED ACE RAEEH KUL T4500 tc UE 104400 TREMBID7S 18 ueETOa700 ESAT UAPPRS (DED UEToaLoo. IPCDP ALT. 997.300 TA 100 UEToayoo. TECK IGT. 1.560 10 200 UETOBOOD uob=niUE WeTOS100 UBSAT=UARERE CUED WETO5200 DLTAE=,000860%( 1. 4-001 158UR) 4EPxWBN WETOS300 ESURSAT-M. TAP We TO5a00 Ga TO 300 UETOS500 (continued)40 100 E=UAPPRGCDP) Go TO 300 200 ESES@TARH/ 100, GO TO 400 300 400 RUE CC, 6219741 OOSSRE)/ CRP 4, 0O5SAL VEEX.016016/(. 99048. 31454KT) TUTRETRA CCL ARU/(18,016/2B, 9663 7/ CL RUD? TYING = TUER= TK TENATR= OOS483BXHF/(. 999KTUIR) CP= (1004, 844 (RWKIB6.40))/ CLA RUD IF(RH LE, 0.360 10 500 UTRPOT= 5.6156 154 TIAALDGCRH/ 100.) Go TO 400 00 WTRFOT= 999. 400 RETURN FUNCTION YAPPRSCHED REAL LOBE TSDBH2 75.16 IF (7 sLE. 273.16) GO TO LOGE=-7. 9629040373 .16/T 14 4% ,02008% * ALODLO (373. 16/1) 1. SELL. EEC-7,) HRQL ANCL FARK T7573, 18) LE LID * * (BRL PACS APTA (B78 16/11 AL ONLOC.OIS.2 ESTAR= (10 .84LOBE) #100. au Ta 40 20 LOGE= 8 oR7iRKC! * * S10 TL 556 ALOGLO (273, 16/14 876790 GT/275. 16) PALOGLOCH107L ESTAR= (10.84 IGE) £100. $0 CONT IsHUE VAPPUS-EST AR RETURG eM weTOS400 WETOS700 WETOSB00 UETOS900 UETO6O00 WETOS100 WETO6200 UETO6300 UETORS00 UETO4S00 UETO4G00 METOS700 WETOSBOO UETOS900 WeTO7000 ETO? 100 UETO7200 WETO7300 WETO7 300 WETO?S00 WETO?600 ueT07790 wETO7a00 WETOTvO0 UETOBDAO. WETOBLGO ucTon2co UETOBS00 UE TOsa00 UE TORSO ue TORGOD41 References Brown, R.W. and B.P. van Haveren. 1972. Psychrometry in water relations research. Utah Agric. Exp. Stn., Utah State University. List, R.J. 1971. Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, 6th rev. ed. smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Mason, E.A. and L. Monchick. 1965. Survey of the equation of state and transport properties of moist gases. In A. Wexler (ed.) Humidity and Moisture. Measurement and Control in Science and Industry. Vol. 3, pp. 257-272. Reinhold Publ. Corp., New York. Mechtly, E.A. 1973. The International System of Units: Physical Constants and Conversion Factors, 2nd rev. SP-7012, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. Murray, F.W. 1976. On the computation of saturation vapor pressure. J. Appl. Meteorol. 6: 203-204. Symbols Committee of the Royal Society. 1975. Quantitites, Units, and Symbols, 2nd ed., The Royal Society, London. Winston, P.W. and D.H. Bates. 1960. Saturated solutions for the control of humidity in biological research, Ecology 41: 232-237.