Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 16S (2013) e59–e83
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Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsams
2013 ASICS Conference – Thursday 24 October Posters
1 and height were not predictive of injury risk, because in the within
Injury risk predictors among student
badminton players in a Malaysian national
sports school: Preliminary study
S. Goh ∗ , M. Ali, A. Mokhtar, I. Mohamed
University of Malaya, Malaysia
Introduction: Despite being a widely competed sport interna-
tionally, badminton injuries is poorly researched. More limited is
the work on risk factors for badminton injuries. Hence, this study
was done to preliminarily explore possible injury risk predictors
among our competitive badminton student athletes.
Method: This 1 year prospective observational cohort study
in 2008–2009 recruited 58 badminton students who are actively
training and studying in a national sports school. There were 34
boys and 24 girls from 13 to 16 years old (yo) (13yo = 20, 14yo = 14,
15yo = 13, 16yo = 11). Eleven 17-year olds who were not actively
training were excluded. No dropouts were encountered. ‘Sports
injury’ was defined as injury that appeared to be connected with
badminton training or a match and (i) handicapped player dur-
ing play, and/or; (ii) required special treatment. Anthropometric
(age, weight, height) and training information (experience, volume)
were recorded at the beginning of the study. The number of com-
petitions participated by each player in the study year were noted.
Non parametric test were used to compare anthropometric and
training characteristics of injured and injury free players. Level of
significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Risk factors with p value ≤0.1 were
further tested using logistic regression.
Results: A total of 63 injuries were presented by 33 players.
There was significant negative correlation between training vol-
ume (rs = −0.31, p ≤ 0.05) and age (rs = −0.34, p ≤ 0.05) with injuries.
However, multiple logistic regression revealed that age and training
volume were not independent predictors (p ≥ 0.05). Gender-related
differences were only found among the 14-year olds whereby the
boys had more injuries (p = 0.01). No differences were demon-
strated between the injured and injury-free group with regards to
training experience in years, present training volume and changes
in training volume or number of competition participated. Similar
findings were noted when analyses within age group were done.
Discussion: Younger players with lower training volume and, to
a certain extent, boys, appeared to be at higher risk of badminton
injuries. These findings suggested that a lack of skills and perhaps
risk taking behaviour which is common in boys, may predispose a
player to injuries. This study also strongly suggested that weight
1440-2440/$ – see front matter
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.139
age group analysis, where the players received almost similar expo-
sure to extrinsic risk, these factors did not show any differences
between the injured and injury free group.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.140
2
A new method to find the skin temperature
change phenomenon during pitching motion
for prevention of pitching elbow
M. Shingai 1,∗ , A. Kimura 2
1 Uiniversity of Health and Welfare Gunma, Japan
2 Gunma PAZ College, Japan
Purpose of the research: Guidelines for Prevention (ASMI, etc.)
for baseball pitching elbow disorder have reported that increased
the disorder as the number of baseball pitching increases. There
are might not only the overuse but also the temperature change
deteriorated the cause of the pitching elbow. A purpose of this study
is to establish a new method to clarify the influence on temperature
change phenomenon that the throw number of times and the angle
of the elbow at the time of the throw give.
Methodology: The recruitment of participants’ method ran-
domly selected the person who entered a standard from an
applicant using a poster. The criteria of taking part in this study
were (1) an experiment of baseball more than three years, (2) no
pitching elbow. The brace of the elbow flex angle (60◦ , 90◦ , 120◦ )
used and to maintain a constant angle of the elbow flex during
pitching for them. The participant pitched multiplying 20 times by
10 set. Off interval between the set and the sets was 90 s. Mea-
surements were non-contact skin surface temperatures by using
an infrared thermography (Thermofocaus pro, Italy) the tempera-
ture was measured with artery and a vein. There are measured with
the artery at brachial artery, radial artery, three positions of ulnar
artery, and with the vein at brachial veins, medial vein, ulnar veins.
The skin side temperature was taken at both sides. The analysis per-
formed the time-series analysis of the set of the end from a start. It
uses the cox regression analysis as an emergency phenomenon in
the case that a temperature change produced more than once with
progress of the time (SPSS v20).
Results: All participants completely performed this examined.
The participant was six healthy 20-years person. A temperature
decline of the skin appears when in 40 pitches of throw number