Example 21.

4—Shear Design of Wall

Determine the shear and flexural reinforcement for the wall shown.
w = 8'
k
Vu = 200

h = 8 in.
Critical
fc′ = 3000 psi section hw = 12'
fy = 60,000 psi
4'

Code
Calculations and Discussion Reference

1. Check maximum shear strength permitted

φVn = φ10 fc′ hd 11.9.3

where d = 0.8lw = 0.8  8  12 = 76.8 in. 11.9.4

φVn = 0.75  10 3000  8  76.8/1000 = 252.4 kips > Vu = 200 kips O.K.

2. Calculate shear strength provided by concrete Vc

Critical section for shear: 11.9.7

lw 8
= = 4 ft (governs)
2 2
or
h w 12
= = 6 ft
2 2

N ud
Vc = 3.3λ f c′ hd + Eq. (11-27)
4l w

= 3.3 3000  8  76.8/1000 + 0 = 111 kips

or

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Example 21.4 (cont’d) Calculations and Discussion Reference

⎡ ⎛ 0.2N u ⎞ ⎤
⎢ l w ⎜ 1.25λ f c′ + ⎥
⎢ ⎝ l w h ⎟⎠ ⎥
Vc = 0.6λ f c′ + hd Eq. (11-28)
⎢ Mu lw ⎥
⎢ − ⎥
⎢⎣ Vu 2 ⎥⎦
⎡
= ⎢ 0.6 × 1.0 × 3000 +
(
96 1.25 × 1.0 × )
3000 + 0 ⎤ ⎛ 8 × 76.8 ⎞
⎥⎜ ⎟ = 104 kips (governs)
⎢⎣ 96 − 48 ⎥⎦ ⎝ 1000 ⎠

where Mu = (12 - 4) Vu = 8Vu ft-kips = 96Vu in.-kips

3. Determine required horizontal shear reinforcement

Vu = 200 kips > φVc /2 = 0.75 (104)/2 = 39.0 kips 11.9.8

Shear reinforcement must be provided in accordance with 11.9.9.

Vu ≤ φVn Eq. (11-1)

≤ φ(Vc + Vs) Eq. (11-2)

φA v f y d
≤ φVc + Eq. (11-29)
s

A v ( Vu − φVc )
=
s φf y d

[200 - (0.75 × 104)]

= = 0.0353 in.2/in.
0.75 × 60 × 76.8

2 × 0.11
For 2-No. 3: s = = 6.2 in.
0.0353

2 × 0.20
2-No. 4: s = = 11.3 in.
0.0353

2 × 0.31
2-No. 5: s = = 17.6 in.
0.0353
Try 2-No. 4 @ 10 in.

A v 2 × 0.20
ρt = = = 0.0050 > 0.0025 O.K. 11.9.9.2
Ag 8 × 10

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Example 21.4 (cont’d) Calculations and Discussion Reference
⎧ lw 8 × 12
⎪ 5 = 5
= 19.2 in.
⎪
⎪
Maximum spacing = ⎨ 3h = 3 × 8 = 24.0 in. 11.9.9.3
⎪
⎪
⎪18.0 in. (governs)
⎩

Use 2-No. 4 @ 10 in.

4. Determine vertical shear reinforcement

⎛ h ⎞
ρ l = 0.0025 + 0.5 ⎜ 2.5 − w ⎟ ( ρ t − 0.0025) ≥ 0.0025 Eq. (11-30)
⎝ lw ⎠

= 0.0025 + 0.5 (2.5 - 1.5) (0.0050 - 0.0025)

= 0.0038
⎧ lw 8 × 12
⎪ 3 = = 32 in.
3
⎪
⎪
Maximum spacing = ⎨ 3h = 3 × 8 = 24.0 in. 11.9.9.5
⎪
⎪
⎪18.0 in. (governs)
⎩
Use 2-No. 4 @ 13 in. (ρl = 0.0038)

5. Design for flexure

Mu = Vuhw = 200  12 = 2,400 ft-kips

Assume tension-controlled section (φ = 0.90) 9.3.2

with d = 0.8lw = 0.8  96 = 76.8 in. 11.9.4
(Note: an exact value of d will be determined by a strain compatibility analysis below)
Mu 2400 × 12, 000
Rn =
2
= = 678 psi
φbd 0.9 × 8 × 76.8 2

0.85 fc′ ⎛ 2R n ⎞
ρ= 1− 1−
fy ⎝ ⎜ 0.85 fc′ ⎟⎠

0.85 × 3 ⎛ 2 × 678 ⎞
= ⎜ 1− 1− = 0.0134
60 ⎝ 0.85 × 3000 ⎟⎠

As = ρbd = 0.0134  8  76.8 = 8.24 in.2

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Example 21.4 (cont’d) Calculations and Discussion Reference

Try 9-No. 8 (As = 7.11 in.2) at each end of wall, which provides less area of steel than that determined based on
d = 0.8lw.

Check moment strength of wall with 9-No. 8 bars using a strain compatibility analysis (see figure below for
reinforcement layout).

From strain compatibility analysis (including No. 4 vertical bars):

c = 13.1 in.

εt = 0.0182 > 0.0050

Therefore, section is tension-controlled as assumed and φ = 0.90.

Mn = 3451 ft-kips

φMn = 0.9  3451 = 3106 ft-kips > 2400 ft-kips O.K.

Use 9-No. 8 bars each end (As = 7.11 in.2)

96"

9-No. 8 No. 4 No. 4 @ 10"

3@2" 3@2"
3" = 6" 6@13" = 78" = 6" 3"

9" 78" 9"

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