zoor].

THE COURT AND INTL LAW zs

The Supreme Court and Public International Law: . III. THE I950S ....... ' ' ...... ; .... : ... ·~ .... ; ....... ' ; ..... -3 I
1945-2000 A. Decisions of Munidpal Tribunals as One of the Sources cif Prilblic Int.er1iatioruil
Adolfo S. Azcuna* Law
B. Alien Ordered Deported but Detained for Too Lang Due to Difficulty in
Carrying Out Deportation is Ordered Released Under Surveillance and Surety,
on Ground of International Hulnan Rights Law
l. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . •· . . . . .26! C. Retail Trade Nationalization Law Does Not Violate international Law on
A. Situational Approach Treaty Obligations . . . . . ..
B. Constitution as Prime Law IV.THE.I960S ................ · ..... •· .. '.': . ... , .......•..... •.... ·33
II. TE;E l940S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 · A. Philippines-Spain Treaty For Practice ofPtofessions Iuterpreted
A. ~ecognizing in the Liberating U.S. Army cif 1945 the Privilege of B. Unlike Treaties, Executive Agreements Cannot Prevail. Over Earller Statutes·
E~traterritoriality of a Foreign Army Permitted to March Through a Friend/}' C. Air Carrier's Liability Under the Warsaw ConventionforNominal an#
Country or .to be Stationed in it ·Exemplary Damages· Upheld . · .. ·
B. AppVying the Hague Regulations on Military Authority Over Hostile D . Philippine Customs Laws Apply to Philippin~ Ship; Outside Philippil'!e
Territory-Recognizing Sequestration/Liquidation if Respondent CBC as an Territory ·
"Enemy" Property v. THE I970S ~ ................. ' ... : ..................... ·34
C. Waiver ifjurisdiction of Courts Under RP-U. S. Military Bases Agreement is A. Diplomatic Immunity Recognized by Executive Branch Will be Followed by
Valid the Cour(S ·
D. The Belligerent Army Has No Right to Corifiscate Private Property in B. Sovereign Immunity .from Suit Follows from Adoption if Generally Accepted
Territory Invaded · Principles of International Law . . ·. .·
E. Application of International Comity Regarding the Practice of Accountancy C. AssignnJent of Sovereign Credits - Extraterritorial Effect 4 Foreign Law if
Under Act JI0.5 Accepted by the Forum's Government . . .·
F. Rules and Prindples if Land Wa!fore Contained in Hague and Geneva ·D. A Treaty is Both an International Agreement Between States and a Municipal
Conventions Adopted as Part if Philippine Law by the Constitution Law for the Citizens if' Each Contracting Party . · ·
E. Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals Applied as Part of Generally •
Accepted Principles of International Law
VI. THE I98os .•........ : ....................... : ......... ·... J6
A. Clear and Present Danger Rule Applied to Permits to Rally Bifore DiplomaJ.ic
Missions · .. . · . >
Honors, LL.B. '62, Cum Laude, Ateneo de Manila University; LL.M '82 B. Doi:trine of State Immunity Frotn Suit Applies to Foreign State, Not just O•r
(International Law & Jurisprudence), Salzburg University. Professor of International Law
Own . . .
(19~7-1986), Ateneo Law School. In the past, the author served as Chairman of the Philippine C. The Right to Return to One)s Country is Not Among the Rights Specifoally ·
National _Bank (1991-1992), Presidential Spokesman (1990-1991), Press Secretary (1989-1990),
and Pres1dentJal Legal Counsel (1987-91). He was a member of tile 1986 Constitutional · Guaranteed Under The Bill. of Rights, Though it May Well Be Considered as
Commission and a delegate to the 1971 Constitutional Convention. He is presently Senior a Generally Accepted Principle. Of International Law Which is Part ofthe Law
Partner at the Azcuna Y orac Arroyo & Chua Law Offices. if the Land. . · .
The a'.lthor was Editor-in-Chief of Volume u, Ateneo Law Journal. His past works VII. THE l990S . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . : ... 3.8
pubhshed by the Journal include: The Writ of Amparo: A Remedy to Enforce Fu11damental Rights, A. Immunity .from Suit Not Applicable Where State Enters into a Contract of a
37 ATENEO LJ. IJ (1993), The History of Teaching International Law in the Philippines 30 ATENEO .Commerdal Nature
LJ. 45 {rg86), The Vienna Sales Convention, 28 ATBNEO LJ. (1983) at 30, The- Rece~ Amendment
B. Specialized Agencies ate Grantedlmmunityfrom Local)urisdictiot1.
to. th~ Philippi~e Nationalization of Retail Trade Law, 21 ATENBO LJ. 24 (1976), The Doctn'ne of
Pi~rcmg the Verl_ofCorporate Fiction: Review and Analy~is offhilipPiJ:!!l Suprem~£_urt Decisions from C. Doctrine of State Immunity from Suit Not Applicable to Cover .Unauthorized
Willets. to Ram1rez, r8 ATENEO LJ. 9 (1970), amt''The l,egal Effects o.f"Pregnancy as fllness or Acts for Which Private Responsibility is Sought
Drsabthty, II ATENEO L.J. 246 (1962). .' D. Warsaw Convention - Exceptio/IS to Limit$ fipplied
Cite as 46 ATENEO LJ. 24 (2001). E. Doctrine of Immunity .from Suit Not Applicable to Private. Acts
F. Philippine Statute Prevails Over InternathmalAgreement in Municipal Sphere
G. The Right to Health as a Humatt Right ·