Q.

1) a) Describe the operational readiness, maintenance and inspection requirements of Life saving
appliances as per SOLAS chapter – III?
b) Prepare a list of life saving appliance required as per Chapter III of SOLAS for a Chemical Tanker built in
2012 engaged in International Voyages?
1.A) As per SOLAS Ch 3 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES AND ARRANGEMENTS, Reg – 20 - Operational readiness,
maintenance and inspections. This regulation applies to all ships.
2.Operational readiness - Before the ship leaves port and at all times during the voyage, all life-saving appliances
shall be in working order and ready for immediate use.
3.Maintenance – 3.1 - Maintenance, testing and inspections of life-saving appliances shall be carried out based on
the guidelines developed by the Organization* and in a manner having due regard to ensuring reliability of such
appliances.
3.2 Instructions for on-board maintenance of life-saving appliances complying with the requirements of regulation
36 shall be provided and maintenance shall be carried out accordingly.
3.3 The Administration may accept, in lieu of the instructions required by paragraph 3.2, a shipboard planned
maintenance programme which includes the requirements of regulation 36.
6 Weekly inspection - The following tests and inspections shall be carried out weekly and a report of the inspection
shall be entered in the log-book:-
1 all survival craft, rescue boats and launching appliances shall be visually inspected to ensure that they are ready for
use. The inspection shall include, but is not limited to, the condition of hooks, their attachment to the lifeboat, and
the on-load release gear being properly and completely reset; .2 all engines in lifeboats and rescue boats shall be run
for a total period of not less than 3 min. provided the ambient temperature is above the minimum temperature
required for starting and running the engine. During this period of time, it should be demonstrated that the gear box
and gear box train are engaging satisfactorily. If the special characteristics of an outboard motor fitted to a rescue
boat would not allow it to be run other than with its propeller submerged for a period of 3 min, it should be run for
such period as prescribed in the manufacturer's handbook a suitable water supply may be provided. In special cases
the Administration may waive this requirement for ships constructed before 1 July 1986;
.3 lifeboats, except free-fall lifeboats, on cargo ships shall be moved from their stowed position, without any persons
on board, to the extent necessary to demonstrate satisfactory operation of launching appliances, if weather and sea
conditions so allow for; and
.4 the general emergency alarm system shall be tested.

7 Monthly inspections 7.1 All lifeboats, except free-fall lifeboats, shall be turned out from their stowed position,
without any persons on board if weather and sea conditions so allow. 7.2 Inspection of the life-saving appliances,
including lifeboat equipment, shall be carried out monthly using the checklist required by regulation 36.1 to ensure
that they are complete and in good order. A report of the inspection shall be entered in the log-book.

b) Prepare a list of life saving appliance required as per Chapter III of SOLAS for a Chemical Tanker built in
2012 engaged in International Voyages?
As per Solas Ch 3 Section 3 Regulation 31 - Survival craft and rescue boats –
*Chemical tankers and gas carriers carrying cargoes emitting toxic vapours or gases* shall carry totally
enclosed lifeboats lifeboats with a self-contained air support system.
* Oil tankers, chemical tankers and gas carriers carrying cargoes having a flashpoint not exceeding 60°C
(closed-cup test) shall carry, in lieu of totally enclosed lifeboats fire-protected lifeboats

Q.2) a) Enumerate the duties & responsibilities of Ship Security Officer (SSO)?
b) Define different various security levels.
A) duties & responsibilities of SSO – in-charge of security of the vessel on board and responsible for the
other entire crew member to carry out duties for ship security as per ISPS code.
The main duties of the ship security officer (SSO) include implementation and maintenance of a ship
security plan, while working closely with the company security officer (CSO) and the port facility security
officer (PFCO).
According to the ISPS code, every ship must have a ship security officer, who has the full responsibility of
the ship’s security.
The main responsibilities of ship security officer (SSO) are:
  Implementing and maintaining the ship security plan (SSP)
 Conducting security inspections at regular intervals of time to ensure that proper security
steps are taken
 Making changes to the ship security plan if need arise
 Propose modifications to the ship security plan by taking various aspects of the ship into
consideration
 Help in ship security assessment (SSA)
 Ensure that the ship’s crew is properly trained to maintain a high ship security level
 Enhance security awareness and vigilance on board ship
 Guide ship’s crew by teaching ways to enhance ship’s security
 Report all security incidents to the company and the ship’s master
 Taking view and suggestions of the company security officer and the port facility security
officer into consideration while making amendments to the ship security plan
 Help company security officer (CSO) in his duties
 Take into account various security measures related to handling of cargo, engine room
operations, ship’s store etc.
 Coordinate with ship board personnel and port authorities to carry out all ship operations with
utmost security
 Ensure that the ship security equipment is properly operated, tested, calibrated, and
maintained

*LEVEL 1 – Normal Level

In normal level, both ships and port operations are carried out in general way.
Minimum security measures are always maintained on board and in port.
Ship and port operation are carried out as per ship and port facility security plan.
Port facility ensures to keep the ‘no access’ areas under surveillance at all times.
Ship and port authority mutually supervise loading and unloading operation of cargo and stores, ensuring access
control and other minimum security criteria.
Minimum access in the ship is maintained at all times.

*LEVEL 2- Heightened Risk

In level 2, the threat to the security is higher than the normal level.
All the routine and cargo operations are carried out with an increase in security measures in both ships and ports.
Look-outs in no access zone and waterside area is to be increased by port and ship authorities.
Access control is maintained all the time with escorting the visitors and use of security equipments like metal
detector etc.
Communication between port authority and ship administration is always maintained in case of increase in security
level.
Preparing a full or partial search operation of ship.
A declaration of security is undertaken between port state and ship administration.

*LEVEL 3 – Imminent danger

Level 3 is imposed when the probability of security threat to ship or port authorities are highest or imminent and
specific protective measures are to be maintained.
In level 3 all ship and port operations are stopped and frequent security rounds and duties are carried out by both
ship staff and port authorities. Boat petrol are done by port state on the water side.
Main propulsion plant is always kept ready for moving the ship out of port if require.
No personal is allowed to access the ship without the authorization of port state official.
Only one access point is maintained on board at all time.
Preparing a full search operation of ship or under water hull search operation with port facility.
Preparation for evacuation of ship by its staff.
A declaration of security is undertaken between port state and ships administration.
Q.3) a) What is planned maintenance System (PMS)? State the advantage of a planned maintenance
system. Is it mandatory to have PMS and under which regulation / convention? Can your ship be detained
by PSC inspector in absence of a PMS on board?
b) As a Chief Officer explain how would you assist in preparing and implementing a planned Maintenance
System for a new building ship, which is in her final stage of delivery?

*A) - A planned maintenance system on ships is mandatory according to the International Safety
Management Code (ISM).
* A planned maintenace system allows shipowners and operators to plan, perform and document vessel
maintenance at intervals complying with Class and manufacturer requirements. The objective is to ensure
safe and reliable vessel operations, including equipment, in addition to compliance with all applicable
regulations. There are different ways of achieving this, depending on the size and complexity of the
shipping company and the types of vessels in operation. In all cases, a systematic approach to maintenance
is based on risk assessment and begins with the establishment of a complete database of machinery,
equipment and fittings.
* Optimization of vessel maintenance management
Central management of your fleetwide equipment and maintenance jobs
Provide all information for powerful, fleetwide management reporting via ShipManager Analyzer
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Prepare and document all planned and unplanned maintenance tasks
Define and schedule counter-/calendar-based and condition-based tasks
Categorize jobs and elements according to relevant criteria, such as critical, safety relevant, class relevant
or origin
Keep an automatic update of stock counts in consideration of spare parts consumed for maintenance tasks
Keep lifecycle records of each equipment
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b) As a Chief Officer explain how would you assist in preparing and implementing a planned
maintenance
System for a new building ship, which is in her final stage of delivery?

*In order to carry out a successful maintenance plan, the following steps are considered in order to
form a strategic approach:

1. Identifying the problem

2. Establishing the clause
3. Proposing solution
4. Evaluating solution
5. Implementing solution
6. Evaluating effectiveness
7. Solving

While developing a maintenance procedure for a particular ship, ch officer should consider
following points

 Maintenance guidelines and specifications given by the manufacturer

 History of equipment including failures, defects, damagers, and remedial action
 Guidelines mentioned in the ISM code
 Age of the ship
  Third party inspections
 Consequences of failure of equipment on safe operation of the ship
 Critical equipment and systems
 Intervals of maintenance

Considering the above mentioned points, a systematic approach to maintenance is made. This is
necessary to ensure that nothing is missed while carrying out the maintenance procedure.

Following steps are included in the approach for maintenance procedure:

 Establishment of maintenance intervals

 Methods and frequency of inspections
 Specification of the type of inspection
 Type of measuring equipment to be used
 Establishment of appropriate acceptance criteria
 Assignment of responsibility for inspection activities to appropriately qualified personnel
 Clear definition of reporting requirements and mechanisms

Maintenance interval forms the most important aspect of the maintenance plan.

The maintenance interval decided in the plan is based on the following factors:

 Manufactures recommendations and specifications

 Predictive maintenance determination techniques
 Practical experience of the engineers in operation and maintenance of ship and its
machinery
 Historical trends obtained from the results of routine inspections, and in nature and rate of
failures.
 The use of the equipment – continuous, intermittent, standby, or emergency
 Practical and operational restrictions
 Guidelines for internals specified as part of class, convention, administration and company
requirements
 Need for regular testing of S/B arrangement

Lastly, following steps are included for writing down the final procedure for planned
inspection routines :

 Criteria for inspection

 Use of appropriate measuring and testing equipment
 Calibration of measuring and testing equipment
 The type of inspection and test to be employed – visual, vibration, pressure, temperature,
electrical, load, water tightness

Considering the above mentioned points, a systematic and planned maintenance procedure is
made which also forms an integral part of ship’s planned maintenance system.

For inspection purpose checklist are often used to ensure that the inspection, test and
maintenance are performed according to the guidelines of manufacturers, shipping company, and
the ISM code.

Q.4) a) As Chief Officer on duty on Bridge while at sea in coastal area, observed heavy thick smoke in the
sky at a distance of about 5 miles from your vessel. While checking with Binocular you also see some
flames and it seems that a small craft like fishing boat is in heavy fire. Describe your immediate action and
Contingency plan for rescue of survivors from boat or sea?
b) Prepare an Annual Drill Planner for effective conduct of all the statutory drills and exercises.
Q.5) a) Describe fire Safety Objectives? In order to achieve the fire safety objective what functional
requirements are embodied in the regulations of SOLAS chapter II?
b) Define – (i) “A” Class division (ii) “B” Class divisions (iii) “C” Class divisions (iv) Bulkhead Deck.

FIRE SAFETY OBJECTIVES –

As per SOLAS - Chapter II-2 Construction - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction
Regulation 2 - Fire safety objectives and functional requirements

1.1 The fire safety objectives of this chapter are to:

.1 prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion;
.2 reduce the risk to life caused by fire;
.3 reduce the risk of damage caused by fire to the ship, its cargo and the environment;
.4 contain, control and suppress fire and explosion in the compartment of origin; and
.5 provide adequate and readily accessible means of escape for passengers and crew.

2 Functional requirements
2.1 In order to achieve the fire safety objectives set out in paragraph 1 above, the following functional
requirements are embodied in the regulations of this chapter as appropriate:

.1 division of the ship into main vertical and horizontal zones by thermal and structural boundaries;
.2 separation of accommodation spaces from the remainder of the ship by thermal and structural
boundaries;
.3 restricted use of combustible materials;
.4 detection of any fire in the zone of origin;
.5 containment and extinction of any fire in the space of origin;
.6 protection of means of escape and access for fire-fighting;
.7 ready availability of fire-extinguishing appliances; and
.8 minimization of possibility of ignition of flammable cargo vapour

b) Define – (i) “A” Class division "A" class divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheads and decks
which comply with the following criteria:
.1 they are constructed of steel or other equivalent material;
.2 they are suitably stiffened;
.3 they are insulated with approved non-combustible materials such that the average
temperature of the unexposed side will not rise more than 140ºC above the original temperature,
nor will the temperature, at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 180ºC above the
original temperature, within the time listed below:
class "A-60" 60 min
class "A-30" 30 min
class "A-15" 15 min
class "A-0" 0 min
.4 they are constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame to the
end of the one-hour standard fire test; and
.5 the Administration has required a test of a prototype bulkhead or deck in accordance with
the Fire Test Procedures Code to ensure that it meets the above requirements for integrity and
temperature rise.

(ii) “B” Class divisions –

"B" class divisions are those divisions formed by bulkheads, decks, ceilings or linings which comply
with the following criteria:
.1 they are constructed of approved non-combustible materials and all materials
used in the construction and erection of "B" class divisions are non-combustible, with the exception
that combustible veneers may be permitted provided they meet other appropriate requirements of
this chapter;
.2 they have an insulation value such that the average temperature of the unexposed side will
not rise more than 140ºC above the original temperature, nor will the temperature at any one point,
including any joint, rise more than 225ºC above the original temperature, within the time listed
below:
class "B-15" 15 min
class "B-0" 0 min
.3 they are constructed as to be capable of preventing the passage of flame to the
end of the first half hour of the standard fire test; and
.4 the Administration has required a test of a prototype division in accordance
with the Fire Test Procedures Code to ensure that it meets the above requirements for integrity and
temperature rise.

(iii) “C” Class divisions - "C" class divisions are divisions constructed of approved non-combustible
materials. They need meet neither requirements relative to the passage of smoke and flame nor limitations
relative to the temperature rise. Combustible veneers are permitted provided they meet the requirements of
this chapter.

(iv) Bulkhead Deck - Bulkhead deck is the uppermost deck up to which the transverse watertight bulkheads
are carried.

Q.6 A) EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMMUNICATION.

B) WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES THAT CAN BE ADOPTED TO MOTIVATE THE CREW MEMBERS
ON BOARD THE SHIP TO OBTAIN OPTIMUM RESULTS?

The interchange of thoughts or information to bring about mutual understanding and confidence or good human
relations.
On the basis of the communication channels, types of communications are:
Verbal, Non-Verbal, Visual
Verbal
This involves the use of language and words for the purpose of passing on the intended message. In general terms,
Verbal Communication means communication in the form of spoken words only. But, in the context of types of
communication, verbal communication can be in the spoken or the written form. Thus, the verbal form may be oral
or written as discussed below.
*Written Communication: This kind of communication involves any kind of exchange of information in the
written form. For example, e-mails, texts, letters, reports, SMS, posts on social media platforms, documents,
handbooks, posters, flyers, etc.
Oral Communication: This is the communication which employs the spoken word, either direct or indirect as a
communication channel. This verbal communication could be made on a channel that passes information in only one
form i.e. sound.
You could converse either face to face, or over the phone, or via voice notes or chat rooms, etc. It all comes under
the oral communication. This form of communication is an effective form.

Non-Verbal Communication
In this type of communication, messages are relayed without the transmission of words. The messages here are
wordless messages. This form of communication mainly aides verbal communication. It supplements it with
gestures, body language, symbols, and expressions.

Through these, one may communicate one’s mood, or opinion or even show a reaction to the messages that are
relaying. One’s non-verbal actions often set the tone for the dialogue. You can control and guide the communication
if you control and guide the non-verbal communication. Some of the modes of non-verbal communication are:

Physical Non-verbal Communication

This is the sum total of the physically observable. For instance, hand gestures, body language, facial expressions, the
tone of one’s voice, posture, stance, touch, gaze, and others. Several researchers have revealed that physical
nonverbal communication constitutes about 55% of our daily communications.

These are subtle signals that are picked up as part of our biological wiring. For example, if you rest your head on your
palms, it will mean that you are very disappointed or angry. Similarly, other subtle hints will convey your reaction to
the presenter or your audience’s reaction to you.
Paralanguage - This is the art of reading between the lines. The main kind of such communication is done with the
tone of one’s voice. This kind of communication amounts to almost 38% of all the communication that we do every
day. Along with the tone of voice, the style of speaking, voice quality, stress, emotions, or intonation serves the
purpose of communication. And, these aspects are not verbal.

Aesthetic Communication
Art is an important means of communication. Through the paintings or other forms of art, an artist can covey the
strongest messages. Several times in the history of the world, art has been used as an effective form of nonverbal
communication.

Appearance
The first impression sets the tone. People will react to your appearance and this is a fact of life. Your clothes, the
color of the fabrics, etc. all determine the reaction of your audience.

Visual Communication
This is communication through visual aids like drawings, placards, presentations, and illustrations, etc.

Q.7 Explain in detail situational theory of Leadership in detail with onboard example.