Experiment:

NOR Gate Using Transistors

Circuit Diagram
Materials Required
i. Breadboard - 1
ii. Transistor: BC547 - 2
iii. LED - 1
iv. Resistor: 1 kΩ - 1, 10 kΩ - 1, 220 kΩ - 2
Colour Code: 1 kΩ - Brown Black Red Gold
10 kΩ - Brown Black Orange Gold
220 kΩ - Red Red Yellow Gold
v. 9 V BaMery - 1
vi. ConnecOng Wire Pieces
Points to Remember
An NPN transistor has three legs, namely, EmiMer (E), Base(B)
and Collector (C). 547-B is an NPN transistor.

‘To idenOfy the legs, we will

keep the transistor such that
the curved surface faces us.
StarOng from the leZ side,
the first leg is the emiMer, the
second is the base and the
third is the collector.’
Step No. 1
Take a breadboard and connect its two halves as shown in figure
below.
Step No. 2
Connect a 9 V baMery on the breadboard.
Step No. 3
Connect two transistors on the breadboard such that one of them is
connected on the upper half (Q1) and the other, on the lower half
(Q2) of the breadboard; their curved surfaces should face you and
their legs should be inserted in different columns of the breadboard.
Step No. 4
Connect the emiMers and collectors of Q1 to Q2, respecOvely, with
connecOng wires. Connect the emiMer of Q1 to ground.
Step No. 5
Connect a 220 kΩ resistor to the base of each transistor.
Step No. 6
Connect one leg of a 10 kΩ resistor to the collector of Q1, and its
other leg to Vcc.
Step No. 7
Take an LED. Connect its posiOve terminal to the collector of Q1, and
its other leg to any different column of the breadboard.
Step No. 8
Connect one leg of a 1 kΩ resistor to the negaOve terminal of the
LED, and its other leg to ground.
Step No. 9
Connect two wires to the leZ legs of both the base resistors and
leave their other ends open. The blue wire represents input A, and
the green wire represents input B.
Note
If input A = 0, then the blue wire should be grounded.
If input A = 1, then the blue wire should be connected
to Vcc.

If input B = 0, then the green wire should be grounded.

If input B = 1, then the green wire should be connected
to Vcc.

If the LED glows, then output Q = 1

If the LED does not glow, then output Q = 0
Note down the output in the truth table given
below:

Input A Input B Output Q

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1
Step No. 10
Case 1: A = 0, B = 0
A = 0 means input A is grounded.
B = 0 means input B is grounded.
Result: The LED glows; it means Output Q = 1.
Step No. 11
Case 2: A = 0, B = 1
A = 0 means input A is grounded.
B = 1 means input B is connected to Vcc.
Result: The LED does not glow; it means Output Q = 0.
Step No. 12
Case 3: A = 1, B = 0
A = 1 means input A is connected to Vcc.
B = 0 means input B is grounded.
Result: The LED does not glow; it means Output Q = 0.
Step No. 13
Case 4: A = 1, B = 1
A = 1 means input A is connected to Vcc.
B = 1 means input B is connected to Vcc.
Result: The LED does not glow; it means Output Q = 0.
ObservaOon
Input A Input B Output Q

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0
Result
Since our observaOons exactly match with the truth table of
NOR-Gate, we have successfully built the gate and realized it
using a combinaOon of transistors and resistors.

From the result, it is clear that if any of the inputs become

high(1), the NOR Gate produces a low output (0).
For reasoning: Refer the Manual

Experiment: NOR Gate Using Transistors

TroubleshooOng Tips
• Ensure that the baMery voltage is more than 6 volt.
• Ensure that the wires of the baMery connector are
properly inserted into the breadboard. The red wire
should be inserted into the first row, and the black wire
into the second row of the breadboard.
• Ensure that 547-B transistors are chosen for the
experiment.
• Ensure that the transistors are connected on the
breadboard such that their curved surfaces should face
you.
• Ensure that the transistors are connected properly on the
breadboard without twisOng their legs.
TroubleshooOng Tips
• Ensure that the stripped ends of the connecOng wires
should be long enough to fit inside the holes of the
breadboard completely.
• Ensure that there are no loose connecOons.
Project Report
To write project report, refer the following experiment from the manual:

a) NOR Gate Using Transistors

In the report, do include the following:

a) Circuit diagram, Circuit ExplanaOon
b) Final Circuit Picture
c) ObservaOon: Step No. 10, Step No. 11, Step No. 12 and Step No. 13.
d) Reasoning (if any)
e) Result (if any)
f) General Theory: About components used (LED, resistor, DC baMery, NPN
transistor), About NOR Gate.
 Circuit
Result
Measure
PrecauOon
AcOvity
Notes
Advantages

ModificaOon

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