FACULTY OF MEDICINE – UPH

LIPPO VILLAGE KARAWACI – TANGERANG - BANTEN

MANUAL OF ANATOMY LABORATORY

2016 / 2017

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BLOCK

Bernard SM Hutabarat,dr,PAK

MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT

( THE DEAD TEACH THE LIVING )

GENERAL RULES AT THE DISSECTING ROOM.

MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT ( THE DEAD TEACH THE LIVING ) is an

universal basic principle that must always be remembered by every medical
students and those who study Anatomy on cadaver.
Universally, MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT means that medical students
learn from the dead so the cadavers also become their teacher.
Based on MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT every medical student who works
on cadavers must obey Anatomy of Code of Ethic as follows :

STUDENTS MUST :
1. Prepare him / herself for Laboratory practice, including :
1.1. Learn the Laboratory Manual accordingly before Laboratory practice.
1.2. Bring along Anatomy dissecting instruments (minimum 1 set for each group)
1.3. Bring along Laboratory Manual, Anatomy atlas and ( if necessary ) anatomy
lecture materials
1.4. Wear the required Laboratory dress properly
2. Respect the cadavers as they respect their teacher.
3. NOT make fun of cadavers or parts of the cadavers whatever the condition of the
cadavers or parts of the cadavers might be.
4. NOT throw part of the cadaver if his / her fellow student wants to borrow the
specimen.
5. Give / take directly the specimen from his / her fellow student if he / she wants
to lend / borrow the specimen.
6. NOT damage cadavers or parts of the cadavers on purpose or for fun.
7. Work very carefully to avoid accidents from dissection instruments.

WEEK ONE : MONDAY, OCT. 31, TUESDAY & THURSDAY NOV. 1 & 3, 2016

TOPIC : GROSS ANATOMY OF THORAX AND MEDIASTINUM.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES : Students are able to identify :

1. The skeleton of the thorax

2. The respiratory muscles
3. Contents of intercostal space and position of neurovascular bundle

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4. Pleura : its projection and recessus
5. Features and parts of the right and left lungs
6. Pulmonal hilus and its contents

PROCEDURES

1. Identify at the specimen :

1.1. Bones of the thoracic cavity
Ada costae, sternum, vertebra thoracalis
1.2. Borders of the thoracic cavity
Cavum thoracis adalah ruangan yang terdapat di dada. Batas cranialnya
adalah garis yang menghubungkan antara articulatioacromioclavicularis
sampai processus spinosus vertevra thoracal 1.
Thoracis inlet ( pintu masuk) ukurannya lebih kecil dan berbentuk seperti
ginjal,
Thoracis oulet ( pintu keluar) ukurannya lebih besar, t8, t10, t 12. ( VOA)
Inlet dibatasi oleh incusura jugularis sterni, manubrium sterni, cartilago
costae 1, costa 1, dan thoracal 1.
1.3. Borders of the thoracic apertures :
1.3.1. superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet, apertura thoracis superior)
1.3.2. inferior thoracic aperture ( thoracic outlet, apertura thoracis inferior )
Look for those boundaries at the cadaver
1.4. Discuss among the group :
1.4.1 Difference between superior thoracic aperture and cranial border of thoracic
cavity
1.4.2. Respiratory muscles – principle and accessory muscle.
Principle muscle terdiri dari musculus intercostalis externi dan interni,
serta diafragma.
1.4.3. Location of intercostal nerves and vessels
Intercostales nerve and vessels terdapat sulcus costalis terdapat arteri, vena,
nervus costalis.
2. Discuss among the group :
2.1. Line of pleural reflexion
Dimulai di articulatio sternoclaviculare, berjalan ke costae 2, berjalan paralesl
ke costa4 dan memisah ke kiri lateral smpe costae 6, terus ke lateral
memotong linea midclavicularis setinggi costae 8, memotong linea axillaris
setinggi ostae 10, memotong cartilago costae setinggi costae 12. Yang
kanan, dari costae 4 berjalan sampai siphoid, terus sejajar arcus costae,
memotong midclavirularis costae , 8,10, 12. Dengan demikian ada 2 segitiga
yaitu trigonum timicum dan trigonum cardiacum.
2.2. Triangles formed by the pleural line of reflexion and its contents.
3. Draw line of pleural reflexion at cadaver.
4. Identify at the cadaver :
4.1. Location of the lungs
Lateral dari cavum thorax
4.2. Mediastinum; its borders and main contents
4.3. Diaphragm
4.4. ( if possible ) Parts of the lungs in situ
5. Identify at the specimens parts of the lungs. Look for
5.1. Apex of lung ( apex pulmonis )
What clinical importance of apex of lung?

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 5.2. Base of the lung ( basis pulmonis )
5.3. Anterior border of lung ( margo anterior pulmonis ).
What is the difference between anterior margin of the left and right lung.
5.4. Cardiac notch of left lung ( incisura cardiaca pulmonis sinistri )
5.5. Inferior border of lung ( margo inferior pulmonis )
5.6. Mediastinal surface of lung ( facies mediastinalis pulmonis ). Look for :
5.6.1. cardiac impression ( impressio cardiaca )
5.6.2. Hilum of lung ( hilum pulmonis )
Discuss among the group what is the difference between the left and right
hilum of lung.
Isinya hilus dexter and sinistra itu anterior ke dorsal VAB
Cranial ke kaudal di dextra BAV, kiri AVB.
5.6.3. Root of lung ( radix pulmonis )
Discuss among the group what structures make root of the lung ?
5.7. Costal surface of lung ( facies costalis pulmonis ).
Look for its vertebral part ( pars vertebralis )
5.8. Diaphragmatic surface ( facies diaphramatica )
5.9. Oblique fissures of lung ( fissura obliqua ).
5.10. Horizontal fissure of right lung ( fissura horizontalis pulmonis dextri ).
5.11. Identify lobes of the lung ( lobi pulmones ). Look for :
5.11.1. Superior lobe ( lobus superior )
5.11.2. Lingula of the lung ( lingula pulmonis )
5.11.3. Middle lobe of right lung ( lobus medius mulmonis dextri )
5.11.4. Inferior lobe ( lower lobe , lobus inferior )

SPECIMENS :

1. Cadaver
2. Lungs
3. Plastinate

INSTRUCTORS :

1. Bernard SM Hutabarat,dr,PAK
2. Stefanus S Sumali,dr,MBiomed
3. Deisy Budiono,dr

REFERENCES :

1. Atlas of Anatomy:
2. Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies ( FIFAT ) :
Terminologia Anatomica , 2nd edit. Georg Thieme Verlag , Stuttgart – New York
3. Textbook of Anatomy
4. Lecture materials

GOD SPEED AND BLESS THE STUDENTS

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