Group identity : Mariah Nabilah (195080607111001)

Anggi Andriana (195080601111035)

Fathur Rasyid (195080607111009)

Review Journal of Codition of Coral Reef at Teluk Pandan Sub-District East

Kutai District

INTRODUCTION
Corals reef are very diverse, complex marine ecosystems which commonly
occur in shallow tropical water. and has an important function and role for marine
environment and biota life and also for human life. Coral reefs have a high level
of diversity and primary productivity.
However, coral reefs are fragile and susceptible to harm from many sources
that differ in effects. and it is becoming increasingly acknowledged that coral
reefs are globally threatened, even along related ecosystem is rapidly deteriorating
world-wide. Teluk Pandan is one of seven sub-districts in the East Kutai District
that covering coastal and sea areas as part of the administrative region. Teluk
PandanSub-district had the highest demersal fish stock compared to the other six
coastal sub-districts Unfortunately the data of coral reef existence and condition
as the buffer of this fish potency is poorly available reef of Teluk Pandan possibly
experience the impact and degradation since the area still low in coral reef
monitoring and management.

METHOD
Data collected in the waters of Teluk Pandan District, East Kutai Regency,
East Kalimantan Province, shows that there are 6 (six) observation stations
surveyed using the cross line transect method to obtain coral condition data.
Measuring tape along the 50 meters is placed parallel to the edge profile of the
reef. Every coral colony or benthic organism that crosses a line is measured based
on the length of each category of a living creature. Percent cover of hard coral
(HC) is total of both coverage of lifeform Acropora and Non-Acropora. coral
coverage (LC) is total of hard coral and soft coral coverage (LC = HC + SC). The
percentage of LC <25% was categorized as “poor/bad” coral coverage condition,
LC 25% - <50% categorized as “fair/moderate” condition, LC 50% - <75%
categorized as “good” condition, and LC ≥75% categorized as “excellent”
condition. Hard coral mortality (HCM) index calculated as ratio of standing dead
coral to total cover of both live hard coral and dead coral, HCM = dead
coral/(hard coral + dead coral). Coral mortality index values near zero indicates
no significant changes for live coral, while the value of 1 shows that there is a
change of live to dead coral, and if MI >0.33, the mortality index is considered to
be high and the reef is classified as sick
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Based on the Marine and Fisheries Office, 2011; Marine and Fisheries
Office, 2012, the coral reefs located on the coast of Pandan sub-district are a
group of coral reefs scattered along the coast of East Kalimantan Province,
Bontang City. This type of coral reef on the coast is found near the coastline and
observed in the farther direction. Seagrass communities are closely watched while
mangrove communities are only associated near the coastline. It is estimated that
the area of coral reefs in the province is ± 618.63 ha. And corals near the coastline
form a broader group than those far from the coastline. The coral in the southern
part is estimated to be ± 216 ha (figure 1). Coral reefs develop in colonies that are
spread out on a flat, dominated by sturdy shapes. If the average HC of each station
is ˂25% it means that it is in a bad condition and if ˃25% it is in a good position.
Corals are found on the surface of waters with a slope of ± 5-7 meters. live coral
cover varies, from bad conditions to good corals found to live as much as 2.1-
67.8%, with an average of 38.1% categorized as moderate. In figure 2 table 1
shows the high live coral cover. At stations 3 and 5 most were soft shells of 64.0%
and 26.7%. While hard corals are only 3.8% and 8.9%. If the average HCM or
death index from each station is ˂0.33 it means that it is in a healthy condition and
if ˃0.33 then it is in a diseased coral condition. And the results of calculations
show a hard coral mortality index varying from 0.14 to 0.88, an average HCM of
0.31 indicates healthy corals without significant changes to live corals in the area.
CONCLUSIONS
Coral reefs in TelukPandan Subdistrict estimated to reach ± 618.63 ha
consisting of fringing and patch reef formation. Live coral cover varies from 2.1
to 67.8% or categorized in "bad" to "good" conditions and an average LC of
38.1% ("moderate / moderate" conditions). The index of morality of hard coral
reefs (HCM) ranges from 0.14 to 0.8 and an average of 0.31. And the coral reef
environment in the area can still be said to be an area that has healthy coral reefs
COMMENT
Our group is interested in this paper because it discusses the growth of
corals in the Kutai region, but in this journal aspect we think it is lacking where
the explanation of the presentation of coral reef life is less significant and clear
and many languages are very difficult to understand, using abbreviations but not
in give significant information. The discussion on coral was not very clearly
explained in detail, there was also no statement of how good and bad the
condition of the coral that was in the area. in this journal in our opinion there is a
lack of advice on the reef area or advice on institutions or residents in the area in
order to help protect coral or protect coral in the area.