WCDMA Radio Interface and Physical Layer PDF

WCDMA Radio
Interface Physical
Layer
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
 The physical layer offers data transport services to higher
layers.
 The physical layer is expected to perform the following

functions in order to provide the data transport service, for
example: spreading, modulation and demodulation,
despreading, Inner-loop power control and etc.
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Outline radio interface protocol Architecture
 Describe structure and functions of different physical

channels
 Describe UMTS physical layer procedures
Contents
1. Physical Layer Overview
2. Physical Channels
3. Physical Layer Procedure
Contents
UTRAN Network Structure
Core Network
CN CS PS CS PS
Iu-CS Iu-PS Iu-CS Iu-PS
RNS RNS
Iur
RNC RNC
UTRAN
Iub Iub Iub Iub
NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB
Uu
UE
Uu Interface Protocol Structure
GC Nt DC
Duplication avoidance
GC Nt DC
C-plane signaling UuS boundary
U-plane information
control
RRC L3
control
control
control
control
radio bearer
PDCP PDCP L2/PDCP

BMC L2/BMC
RLC RLC L2/RLC

RLC RLC
RLC RLC
RLC RLC
logical channel
MAC L2/MAC
transport channel
PHY L1
RAB, RB and RL
RAB
RB
RNC CN
UE
RL
NodeB
UTRAN
Contents
Contents
2.1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions
2.2 Channel Mapping
WCDMA Radio Interface Channel
Definition
 Logical Channel = information container
 Defined by <What type of information> is transferred
 Transport Channel = characteristics of transmission

 Described by <How> and with <What characteristics> data
is transmitted over the radio interface
 Physical Channel = specification of the information global

content
 providing the real transmission resource, maybe a
frequency , a specific set of codes and phase
Logical Channel
Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH)

Common traffic channel (CTCH) Traffic channel
Broadcast control channel (BCCH)

Paging control channel (PCCH)
Dedicate control channel (DCCH) Control channel
Common control channel (CCCH)
Transport Channel
Dedicated Channel (DCH) Dedicated transport

channel
Broadcast channel (BCH)

Forward access channel
(FACH) Common transport
Paging channel (PCH) channel
Random access channel (RACH)
High-speed downlink shared
channel
(HS-DSCH)
Physical Channel
 A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency,
code (scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.
 In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or
spreading code) can distinguish the channels.
 Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each
radio frame consists of 15 time slots.
 Two types of physical channel: UL and DL
Physical Channel
Frequency, Code, Phase
Downlink Physical Channel
 Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DL DPCH)
 Downlink Common Physical Channel
 Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
 Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
 Synchronization Channel (SCH)
 Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
 Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
 Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
 High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)
 High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)
Uplink Physical Channel
 Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
 Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (Uplink DPDCH)
 Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink DPCCH)
 High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel (HS-DPCCH)
 Uplink Common Physical Channel
 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Function of Physical Channel
Cell Search Channels
P-CPICH--Primary Common Pilot Channel
SCH--Synchronisation Channel
P-CCPCH-Primary
Channel Common Control Physical
Paging Channels
PICH--Paging Indicator Channel
SCCPCH--Secondary Common Control Physical
Channel
Random Access Channels
NodeB AICH--Acquisition Indicator Channel UE
PRACH--Physical Random Access Channel
Dedicated Channels
DPDCH--Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH--Dedicated Physical Control Channel
High Speed Downlink Share Channels

HS-SCCH--High Speed Share Control Channel
HS-PDSCH--High Speed Physical Downlink Share
Channel
HS-DPCCH--High Speed Dedicated Physical Control
Channel
Synchronization Channels (P-SCH & S-
SCH)
 Used for cell search  Primary synchronization code is
 Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH transmitted repeatedly in each time
 SCH is transmitted at the first 256 slot
chips of every time slot  Secondary synchronization code
specifies the scrambling code groups
Slot #0 Slot #1 of the cell Slot #14
Primary ac ac ac p
p p
SCH
Secondary i,14
SCH ac s i,0 ac s i,1 ac s
256 chips
2560 chips
One 10 ms SCH radio frame
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-
SCH)
Scrambling slot number
Code Group #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
Group 0 1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16
Group 1 1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10
Group 2 1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 15 12
Group 3 1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 4 6 3 7
Group 4 1 2 16 6 6 11 15 5 12 1 15 12 16 11 2
…
Group 61 9 10 13 10 11 15 15 9 16 12 14 13 16 14 11
Group 62 9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16
Group 63 9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10
Slot # ? Slot #? Slot #?

P-SCH acp acp acp  ……..
S-SCH 16 6 11
Group 2
Slot 7, 8, 9
256 chips
Primary Common Pilot Channel (PCPICH)
 Primary CPICH
 Carrying pre-defined sequence
 Fixed channel code: Cch, 256, 0, Fixed rate 30Kbps
 Scrambled by the primary scrambling code
 Broadcast over the entire cell
 A phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH and
downlink DPCH, Only one PCPICH per cell
Pre-defined symbol sequence
Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot # i Slot #14
1 radio frame: Tr = 10 ms
Primary Common Control Physical
Channel (PCCPCH)
 Carrying BCH transport channel
 Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code (30kbps，Cch, 256, 1)
 The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of
each time slot
256 chips
PCCPCH Data
SCH
18 bits
T = 2560 chips,20 bits

slot
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)
 Carrying Paging Indicators (PI)
 Fixed rate (30kbps), SF = 256
 N paging indicators {PI0, …, PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36,
72, or 144
288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)
b0 b1 b 287 b 288 b 299
One radio frame (10 ms)
Secondary Common Control Physical
Channel (SCCPCH)
 Carrying FACH and PCH, SF = 256 - 4
 Pilot: used for demodulation
 TFCI: Transport Format Combination Indication, used for describe

data format
TFCI Data Pilot

N TFCI bits N Data bits N Pilot bits
T slot = 2560 chips, 20*2 k bits (k=0..6)
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
 Carrying uplink signaling and data, consist of two parts:

 One or several preambles: 16 kinds of available preambles
 10 or 20ms message part
Preamble Preamble Preamble Message part
4096 chips
10 ms (one radio frame)
Preamble Preamble Preamble Message part
4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)
PRACH Message Structure
Data
Data N data bits
Pilot TFCI
Control N Pilot bits N TFCI bits
T slot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k=0..3)
Slot # 0 Slot # 1 Slot # i Slot # 14
Message part radio frame T = 10 ms
PRACH Access Timeslot Structure
radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms
5120 chips
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14
Access slot #0 Random Access Transmission
Access slot #1
Random Access Transmission
Access slot #7 Random Access Transmission
Access slot #8
Random Access Transmission
Access slot #14
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
 Carrying the Acquisition Indicators (AI), SF = 256
 There are 16 kinds of Signature to generate AI
AI part Unused part
a0 a1 a2 a30 a31 a32 a33 a38 a39
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
20 ms
Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
(DPDCH&DPCCH)
 Uplink DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code division
multiplexed (CDM) within each radio frame
 DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer,

the OVSF code is Cch,SF,SF/4, where SF is from 256 to 4
 DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1,

the OVSF code is Cch,256,0
Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel
(DPDCH&DPCCH)
 Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Data
DPDCH Ndata bits
Pilot TFCI FBI TPC

DPCCH Npilot bits NTFCI bits NFBI bits NTPC bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..6)
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel
(DPDCH+DPCCH)
 Downlink DPDCH and DPCCH is time division multiplexing
(TDM).
 DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer
 DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1
 SF of downlink DPCH is from 512 to 4
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel
(DPDCH+DPCCH)
 Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH (DPDCH+DPCCH)
DPDCH DPCCH DPDCH DPCCH

Data1 TPC TFCI Data2 Pilot
Ndata1 bits NTPC bits NTFCI bits Ndata2 bits Npilot bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 20*2k bits (k=-1..6)
One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms
High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared
Channel (HS-PDSCH)
 Bearing service data and layer 2 overhead bits mapped from
the transport channel
 SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data
service
Data
Ndata1 bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, M*10*2k bits (k=4)
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-
SCCH)
 Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as modulation
scheme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit), transport block size
(6bit),HARQ process number (3bit), redundancy version (3bit), new
data indicator (1bit), UE identity (16bit)
 HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel
used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission
Data
Ndata1 bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 40 bits
Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2
1 subframe: Tf = 2 ms
High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control
Channel (HS-DPCCH )
 Carrying information to acknowledge downlink transport
blocks and feedback information to the system for scheduling
and link adaptation of transport block
 CQI and ACK/NACK
 Physical Channel, Uplink, SF=256
Tslot = 2560 chips 2 Tslot = 5120 chips
ACK/NACK CQI
One HS-DPCCH subframe ( 2ms )
Subframe #0 Subframe #i Subframe #n
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Contents
2.1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions
2.2 Channel Mapping
Mapping Between Channels
Logical channels Transport channels Physical channels
BCCH BCH P-CCPCH

FACH S-CCPCH
PCCH PCH S-CCPCH
CCCH RACH PRACH

FACH S-CCPCH
CTCH FACH S-CCPCH
DCCH, DTCH DCH DPDCH

HS-DSCH HS-PDSCH
RACH, FACH PRACH, S-CCPCH
Contents
Synchronization Procedure - Cell
Search
UE uses PSC to acquire slot
Slot synchronization to a cell
Synchronization
UE uses SSC to find frame

Frame synchronization & synchronization and identify the code
Code Group Identification group of the cell found in the first
step
UE determines the primary scrambling

code through correlation over the
Scrambling Code PCPICH with all codes within the
Identification identified group, and then detects the
P-CCPCH and reads BCH information。
START
Random Access Choose a RACH sub channel from
Procedure available ones
Get available signatures
Set Preamble Retrans Max
Set Preamble_Initial_Power
Send a preamble
No AI
Get negative AI
Choose a access slot again Check the corresponding AI
Get positive AI
Choose a signature and
increase preamble transmit power Increase message part power by
p-m based on preamble power
The counter of preamble retransmit
Subtract 1, Commanded preamble power Send the corresponding message part
increased by Power Ramp Step
Set physical status to be RACH

Y Counter> 0 & Preamble power Set physical status to be Nack
message transmitted on AICH received
< maximum allowed power
N
Report the physical status to MAC
Set physical status to be Nack
on AICH received
END
Transmit Diversity Mode
 Application of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical
channel
Physical channel type Open loop mode Closed loop mode
TSTD STTD Mode 1 Mode 2
P-CCPCH – applied – –
SCH applied – – –
S-CCPCH – applied – –
DPCH – applied applied applied
PICH – applied – –
HS-PDSCH – applied applied –
HS-SCCH – applied – –
AICH – applied – –
Transmit Diversity - STTD
 Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity
(STTD)
 4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding
b0 b1 b2 b3 Antenna 1
b0 b1 b2 b3
-b2 b3 b0 -b1 Antenna 2

Channel bits
STTD encoded channel bits

for antenna 1 and antenna 2.
Transmit Diversity - TSTD
 Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on
SCH channel
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #14
(Tx
acp OFF) acp acp
Antenna 1
i,0 (Tx i,2
acs OFF) acs acsi,14
(Tx (Tx (Tx

OFF) acp OFF) OFF)
Antenna 2
(Tx i,1 (Tx (Tx
OFF) acs OFF) OFF)
Closed Loop Mode
 Used in DPCH and HS-PDSCH
References
 TS 25.104 UTRA (BS) FDD Radio Transmission and Reception
 TS 25.201 Physical layer-general description
 TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical
channels (FDD)
 TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
 TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)
 TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)
 TS 25.308 UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
 TR 25.877 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) - Iub/Iur Protocol
Aspects
 TR 25.858 Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Summary
 This course mainly introduces the basic concept, key
technology and procedures of WCDMA physical layer.
 These knowledge is very important for understanding Uu

interface and further study.
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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WCDMA Radio

Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 The physical layer is expected to perform the following

 Describe structure and functions of different physical

 Describe UMTS physical layer procedures

3. Physical Layer Procedure

3. Physical Layer Procedure

NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB

PDCP PDCP L2/PDCP

RLC RLC L2/RLC

3. Physical Layer Procedure

2.2 Channel Mapping

 Transport Channel = characteristics of transmission

 Physical Channel = specification of the information global

Dedicated traffic channel (DTCH)

Broadcast control channel (BCCH)

Common control channel (CCCH)

Dedicated Channel (DCH) Dedicated transport

Broadcast channel (BCH)

Frequency, Code, Phase

 Downlink Common Physical Channel

 Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

 Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

 Synchronization Channel (SCH)

 Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

 Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

 Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

 High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)

 High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)

 Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (Uplink DPDCH)

 Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink DPCCH)

 High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel (HS-DPCCH)

 Uplink Common Physical Channel

 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

High Speed Downlink Share Channels

Slot # ? Slot #? Slot #?

Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot # i Slot #14

T = 2560 chips,20 bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)

b0 b1 b 287 b 288 b 299

One radio frame (10 ms)

 TFCI: Transport Format Combination Indication, used for describe

TFCI Data Pilot

T slot = 2560 chips, 20*2 k bits (k=0..6)

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

 Carrying uplink signaling and data, consist of two parts:

 10 or 20ms message part

Preamble Preamble Preamble Message part

Preamble Preamble Preamble Message part

4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)

T slot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k=0..3)

Slot # 0 Slot # 1 Slot # i Slot # 14

Message part radio frame T = 10 ms

radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms

#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14

Access slot #0 Random Access Transmission

Access slot #7 Random Access Transmission

Access slot #14

AI part Unused part

a0 a1 a2 a30 a31 a32 a33 a38 a39

 DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer,