FLAT EARTH: North Pole at the center

Continents splayed out organically on the side

Antarctica is stretched around the entire edge like an ice ball
The sun and the moon are very small
The stars are just lights in the sky
“A giant planetarium

One way that Aristotle proved 2,000 years ago that the Earth is a sphere was with a boat’s test.
As a boat approached the horizon, it appears to slowly dip down into the water before
disappearing completely that’s got everything to do with the curvature of the Earth. If the Earth
was flat, the entire boat would remain visible.

Climb a tree

Imagine a vast plane with but one tree smack in the middle. If the earth were flat, your vision
would extend exactly as far while standing at the base of the tree as it would when at the top
of the tree. However, the farther you climb, the farther your line of sight will extend to the
horizon.

That's because parts of Earth that were concealed from view by its curvature are now
revealed because your position has changed.

Watch a sunset

Pick a nice spot from which you can watch a sunset (we'll call this point A). Ideally, you'd have
a clear horizon in front of you, and behind you would be some sort of elevated point that you
can quickly access (a hill, a building with at least two floors, or perhaps the aforementioned
tree; we'll call this point B).

Watch the sunset from point A, and once the sun is out of sight, hurry on over to point B. With
the added elevation provided by point B, you should be able to see the sun above the horizon.
If Earth were flat, the sun would not be visible at any elevation once it had set. Because Earth
is round, the sun will come back into your line of sight.

If you don't have a hill, you could even try lying on your stomach to watch the sunset and then
standing up to get a higher line of sight.
After returning from a trip to Egypt, Aristotle noted, “There are stars
seen in Egypt and…Cyprus which are not seen in the northerly regions.”

GRAVITY
Objects in freefall accelerate towards the ground at 9.8 m/s^2
F=ma (Any acceleration requires a force to produce it.)
Flat Earth: Things fall down because of density and buoyancy.
Round Earth: Density and buoyancy are not forces.
Forces are vectors. They have a magnitude (numerical amount) and direction (the way it’s
pointing)
Density = mass per unit volume (How much matter sits in a particular space. It doesn’t point
anywhere)
Buoyancy is an objects tendency to float
Objects fall down because they are more dense than the air (0.00123 g/cm^3) below them. Why
down? Why not up or sideways? When you let go of a ball, there is air all around it. How does it
know to fall down? Things accelerate down towards the ground because of a downward force.
That force is gravity. GRAVITY pulls things towards Earth’s center of mass.
Rocks (2.07 g/cm^3) are pulled down harder than water (1.03 g/cm^3) which is pulled down
harder than air (0.00123 g/cm^3).
Birds and insects have wings. They flap them and generate an upward force. If that force
exceeds the gravitational force, they go up. Oceans can’t do this, because oceans don’t have
wings.
When you throw a ball up into the sky, the (applied) force imparted on the ball by your arm is
greater than the gravitational force, but as soon as it leaves your hand, no more force is being
applied, and only the gravitational force is acting upon the ball, so that velocity gets smaller and
smaller, hits zero, at which point it starts to fall, and it falls faster and faster until it hits the
ground.