PHYSICS

ATAR COURSE YEAR 12

FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET

2019

Physics Year 12 Formulae and Data Booklet 2019

PHYSICS YEAR 12 2 FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET

Note: the variable t refers to the 'time taken', sometimes referred to as the 'change in time' or Δt.

Gravity and motion

Average velocity vav = ts

Equations of motion v = u + at s = ut + ½ at 2 v 2 = u 2 + 2as

p = mv

Force Fnet = ma

Weight force F = mg

Kinetic energy Ek = ½ mv2

Gravitational potential energy Ep = m g Δh

W = Fs = ΔE
Work done

v = 2� r ac = vr
2
mv 2
Equations of circular motion T Fc = mac = r

Newton’s law of universal m1m2

F= G
gravitation r2

4�2 3
Kepler's 3rd law T2 = r
GM

Gravitational field strength

g = G M2
r
Moment of a force τ = r Fsinθ
(force at angle θ to lever arm)

Wave particle duality and the quantum theory

Wave period T = 1f

Wave equation c = fλ

Energy of photon E=hf

Energy transitions ΔE = E2 − E1 = h f

Photoelectric effect Ek = h f − W
h
De Broglie wavelength λ= p

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FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET 3 PHYSICS YEAR 12

Electromagnetism
1 q1q2
Coulomb's law F=
4�ε0 r 2

Electric field strength E = qF = V

d
µ0 I
Magnetic field strength B=
2� r
Magnetic force on a F = q v B where v ┴ B
charged particle
Magnetic force on a F = I ℓ B where ℓ ┴ B
current-carrying conductor

Particle motion in a m v
r=
magnetic field q B

Torque on a coil τ=rF

Magnetic flux Ф = B A┴

Electromagnetic induction induced emf: ε = where v ┴ B

ℓ v B
(Ф − Ф1) ΔФ Δ(B A┴)
induced emf: ε = –N 2 = –N = –N t
t t
εmax
AC generator emfmax: εmax= 2NℓvB = 2�NBA┴ f εrms=
√2
Ohm’s law V = IR
q
Electric current I= t Work and energy W = Vq
VP NP
Ideal transformer turns ratio = Power P = VI
Vs Ns

Special relativity

v2 t0
Relativistic effects ℓ = ℓ0 1– t=
c2 v2
1–
c2
v + u′ u–v
u= u′ =
v u′ vu
1+ 2 1– 2
c c
m v
Relativistic momentum p=
v2
1–
c2

Mass-energy equivalence E = m c2 Rest energy E = m c2

v2
1– 2
c

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PHYSICS YEAR 12 4 FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET

The Standard Model

Elementary particles

Electromagnetic spectrum

Note: shaded areas represent regions of overlap.

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FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET 5 PHYSICS YEAR 12

Physical data

Mean acceleration due to gravity on the Earth....... g = 9.80 m s-2

Mean acceleration due to gravity on the Moon...... gM = 1.62 m s-2
Mean radius of the Earth........................................ RE = 6.37 × 106 m
Mass of the Earth................................................... ME = 5.97 × 1024 kg
Mean radius of the Sun.......................................... RS = 6.96 × 108 m
Mass of the Sun..................................................... MS = 1.99 × 1030 kg
Mean radius of the Moon........................................ RM = 1.74 × 106 m
Mass of the Moon................................................... MM = 7.35 × 1022 kg
Mean Earth-Moon distance.................................... = 3.84 × 108 m
Mean Earth-Sun distance....................................... = 1.50 × 1011 m
Mass (at rest) of electron ....................................... me = 9.11 × 10-31 kg
Mass (at rest) of proton.......................................... mp = 1.67 × 10-27 kg
Tonne...................................................................... 1 t = 103 kg

Physical constants

Speed of light in vacuum or air............................... c = 3.00 × 108 m s-1

Electron charge...................................................... e = −1.60 × 10-19 C
Planck constant...................................................... h = 6.63 × 10-34 J s
Newtonian constant of gravitation.......................... G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2
Electric constant..................................................... ε0 = 8.85 × 10-12 F m-1
Magnetic constant.................................................. µ0 = 4 � × 10 –7
N A–2 = 1.26 × 10–6 N A–2

Conversions

Electron volt............................................................ 1 eV = 1.60 × 10-19 J

Light year................................................................ ly = 9.46 × 1012 km
Megaparsec............................................................ Mpc = 3.09 × 1019 km = 3.26 × 106 ly

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PHYSICS YEAR 12 6 FORMULAE AND DATA BOOKLET

Prefixes of the metric system

Factor Prefix Symbol Factor Prefix Symbol

1012 tera T 10-3 milli m

109 giga G 10-6 micro µ

106 mega M 10-9 nano n

103 kilo k 10-12 pico p

Mathematical expressions

Quadratic equations
−b ± √b2 − 4ac
Given ax2 + bx + c = 0, x =
2a

Triangles
The following expressions apply to the triangle ABC as shown:

B
c a

A C
b

a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C

a = √b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A

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End of booklet
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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Elementary Adapted from Standard Model image: MissMJ. (2006). File:Standard Model of
particles Elementary Particles.svg. Retrieved June, 2016, from
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Particles.svg
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