Volume xlVIii issue no.

1 2019

THE
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEER THE OFFICIAL MAGAZINE OF THE INSTITUTE OF
INTEGRATED electrical engineers of the
philippines, inc.

UNDER GROUND
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
are we totally
ready
What's Inside
NEW
DEVICE
COULD
REPLACE
for
this ?
NEED FOR
DIABETES PIN
PRICK TESTING
P.7

VOLTAGE DROP
AND
SHORT CIRCUIT
P.20

ISSN 0115-6322
 ABOUT
THE COVER

I N T E G R I T Y. I N N O V A T I O N . E M P O W E R M E N T. E X C E L L E N C E .

2019 THEME
"IIEE@44: DISTINCTIVE JOURNEY IN ADVANCING
GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS"

MEET THE TEAM

T H E E L E C T R I CA L E N G I N E E R E D I T O R I A L B OA R D
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF MARIA JOSENIA R. BAUTRO
ASSOCIATE EDITOR MARVIN H. CASEDA
MANAGING EDITORS
LUZON JOSELITO S. ORTICIO
VISAYAS VITINI EDHARD IDEMNE
MINDANAO MARIE SANITA SILAO-FUERTES
Underground Distribution System: Are we
E D I T O R I A L S TA F F
ready for this?
EDITORIAL ASSISTANT/LAYOUT ARTIST ARON D. RICAFRENTE
CONTRIBUTING WRITERS EMMANUEL JOHN B. ALLADA
RAJEEMAH YASMIN B. BALINGAO
VITINI EDHARD IDEMNE Distribution System as defined in EPIRA
JAMES PAUL ANACAN Law refers to the system of wires and
RONA L. POJAS
WITH REPORTS FROM DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
associated facilities belonging to a franchised
NATIONAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION distribution utility extending between the
NATIONAL POWER CORPORATION
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND delivery points on the transmission or sub
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL TRANSMISSION CORPORATION
transmission system or generator connection
and the point of connection to the premises
P U B L I CAT I O N S C O M M I T T E E
of the end-user. Distribution system can
CHAIRMAN MARIA JOSENIA R. BAUTRO
MEMBERS MARVIN H. CASEDA be installed overhead which is commonly
VITINI EDHARD IDEMNE practiced in our country and underground
JOSELITO S. ORTICIO
MARIE SANITA SILAO-FUERTES
which is being practiced in several areas in
OVERSEER LYNDON R. BAGUE our country.

2 0 1 9 I I E E B OA R D O F G OV E R N O R S In our country, most distribution lines are

NATIONAL PRESIDENT CIRILO C. CALIBJO installed overhead which can be easily
VP-INTERNAL AFFAIRS EUGENIO F. ARAULLO
VP-EXTERNAL AFFAIRS RODRIGO T. PECOLERA tapped by informal settlers which is
VP-TECHNICAL AFFAIRS LYNDON R. BAGUE dangerous as it may cause harm and bring
NATIONAL SECRETARY ALLAN ANTHONY P. ALVAREZ
NATIONAL TREASURER FLORENCIO D. BERENGUEL inconvenience to the end users. Those kind
NATIONAL AUDITOR FRANCIS R. CALANIO
IMMEDIATE FORMER PRESIDENT NOEL T. FERNANDEZ of installations also gives problems to the
GOVERNOR-NORTHERN LUZON GILMAN P. BARCASE
GOVERNOR-CENTRAL LUZON RODEL I. DELA TORRE
paying consumers as they are shouldering
GOVERNOR-METRO MANILA ROLAND P. VASQUEZ fees of the electricity consumed by those who
GOVERNOR-SOUTHERN LUZON ESPERANZA AGGARAO COLLADO
GOVERNOR-BICOL JORGE I. TABIRARA connected their lines illegally.
GOVERNOR-WESTERN VISAYAS JAPHETH R. MAPA
GOVERNOR-EASTERN/CENTRAL VISAYAS FELIPE C. NILLAMA
GOVERNOR-NORTHERN MINDANAO SANDRO R. VILLAROSA Our Overhead Distribution System has
GOVERNOR-SOUTHERN MINDANAO DAN B. JUSON
GOVERNOR-WESTERN MINDANAO RICHARD O. LIZARDO already made several improvement starting
INTERIM GOVERNOR- MIDDLE EAST VICTORINO C. ABEJERO
from the post itself, from wood to concrete,
upgraded cable wires, insulating materials,
I I E E N AT I O N A L S E C R E TA R I AT D E PA R T M E N T H E A D S
etc. But is it safe enough for the public
ADMINISTRATIVE MA. ELENA U. LIONGSON
HUMAN RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT KRISTINE BERNADETTE J. LLAMAS especially during natural calamity?
PUBLIC INFORMATION & MIS YHELLA N. MIRARAN
MARKETING MARY ANN B. GUILLEN
MEMBERSHIP ALMA C. LARCE
FINANCE JENNY J. ARADA
Few places in the Philippines have already
adopted Underground Distribution System
TO GOD BE ALL THE GLORY
and we asked several Experts. Let's find out if
we are totally ready for this.
The Electrical Engineer is published twice a year by the Institute of Integrated
Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE), with editorial and business office at
#41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines.
Tel Nos. (632) 414-5626, Fax Nos. (632) 721-6442 & 410-1899.
Website: www.iiee.org.ph; E-mail: eemagazine@iiee.org.ph.
For an e-copy, you may visit our website, www.iiee.org.ph
The present circulation of the magazine is 55,000 copies per issue
to members and industry stakeholders.
 MISSION

EE
20
19
To enhance the competencies of electrical
practitioners to make positive contribution
towards new trends and technologies.

To be an authority of electrical engineering

services that results to safe, reliable and
efficient systems.
Emmanuel John B. Allada
is an Electrical Engineer who
To consistently deliver high quality loves sports. He is a person
products and services duly recognized by who likes to try new things.
international organizations and institutions.

To promote awareness on the use of

environmentally friendly electrical products,
services and resources as well as active
participation on disaster preparedness and
recovery programs.
Rajeemah Yasmin B. Balingao is
an Electrical Engineer who
loves arts and music. She gets

VISION
excited with the night sky and
the sound of the rain.

To be the leading electrical professional

organization globally.

The views and opinions expressed by the

contributors of The Electrical Engineer do
not necessarily reflect the views the editors
and publishers of the magazine or of the
Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers
Vitini Edhard Idemneis an
REE, praise and worships God,
of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE). IIEE and the loves his three panggas, blends
editorial board carry no responsibility for the math and arts, football and
volleyball!
opinions expressed in the magazine.

Articles or visual materials may not be

reproduced without written consent from
the publisher. The publisher reserves the
right to accept, edit, or refuse submitted
materials for publication. James Paul Anacan Just
your average guy who loves
technology and medicine,
and dreams to make the
world a better place.

Rona L. PojasPassionate
likes everything about her
work, is family oriented,
wanderlust, shares her dreams
with family and friends, loves
to sing and dance, and is
dedicated to spread laughter.
It's contagious.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 3

20 THE
ELECTRICAL
19 ENGINEER
7 New device could replace
need for diabetes pin prick testing
"University of Sydney researchers along with industry
7
and government partners recently unveiled a breath
ketone analyser at the Hong Kong International Medical
and Healthcare Fair."

9 National President's Message

"Rapid changes in society require rapid changes in
professional organization. Yet, we also need to regularly
revisit our vision and mission to be certain that we have 9
not lost the end in pursuing the means. The Institute
shall always consider the shared vision as such it shall
intensify members and industry partners support in
pursuit of excellence."

16 National Mid-year Convention

"The institute offers a dynamic stage that can make
important partnerships, solidify resources and empower
the sharing of learning among its individuals." 16
17 The Home for Overseas Filipino
Electrical Practitioners in South East Asia
"For 7 years since 2012, not only does IIEE-SG continue
to strengthen the knowledge and enhance the
professional growth and development of our Filipino
electrical practitioners in Singapore, but also, it serves
as their family away from home.

28 Cover Story "Underground Wiring

And Everything"
17
" Few places in the Philippines has already adopted
Underground Distribution System and we asked several
Experts regarding Underground Distribution System and
let’s find out if we are totally ready for this. '

4 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH

 26 26 EE Woman
Engr. Ma. Cristina Sheila C.
Cabaraban
" Soaring high above it all in her EE
profession, she rose to ranks and
worked as College Professor, then as
Chairperson-Electrical Engineering
Department until she became the Dean-
College of Engineering of Cagayan De
Oro College.

24
18
Features
What is IIEE for you

22 Travel
This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com "Catanduanes"

20 Technical
Retracing the Directive(s)
that Intensified the
Implementation of RA 7920
and the Need for Voltage
Drop and Short Circuit
" ELECTRICAL SAFETY, an advocacy
of the Institute of Integrated Electrical
Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. has
gone a long way. This advocacy resulted
in the electrical safety awareness among
licensed electrical practitioners and the
electrical consumers.

40 Health
"STROKE"

22

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 5

FROMTHEEDITOR

I
n a world permeated by alternative facts, fake news, and
political-ethical spin, maybe it is time for us to “get real”.
For in the realm of senses, we at IIEE need to project a real,
respectable, and righteous culture among professionals.
Instead of alternative facts (which are sugar-coated lies) let us focus
on other alternative sources of energy as featured in our research
reports – the use of coconut juice to power portable lamp and
sea wave electrical energy converting system. Sources that are
abundant in our country, which when further developed and put to
good use, would mean better energy supply for us.
Let us not join the bandwagon of fake news, we’ve got better
things to do. Since 2017 we have been reaching out to our
members by constantly informing them of what’s up at IIEE. We are
into members’ benefits, free seminars, PEE mentoring, and chapter
visitations to name a few. Our EE Woman article also features one
of our leaders in IIEE and knowing her personal achievement as an
electrical professional, many lady-members of IIEE would surely be
inspired to follow her path to success.
As we approach 2019 ANC, election of 2020 BOG also comes in
hand. We are an Accredited Professional Organization, so let us
show professionalism and integrity among us. Let us not involve
ourselves on a spin of sole politics. To be of service to IIEE is our
goal, so let us focus on what is ethical, not political. Let us define
ourselves as one with double Integrity and Ethics – so that we are
defined as IIEE.
On the lighter side of the issue, electrical engineering is not purely
into technology, for some of our colleagues in the profession (from
the land down under) are supporting the medical environment
through innovations and new products of electrical engineering.
This article for all of you is

MY FAIR SHARE

MARIA JOSENIA R. BAUTRO

THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER MAGAZINE
2019, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

6 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH


Trials of the set to start soon..
NEW
DEVICE
COULD
REPLACE
Source: Sydney.edu.au
University of Sydney researchers
along with industry and government
partners recently unveiled a breath
ketone analyser at the Hong Kong
International Medical and Healthcare
Fair.
Monitoring blood levels with the
prick of a finger could be replaced
with just a breath in a matter of
years, thanks to a ketone monitoring
device that will soon be taken from
the lab to the clinic for trials.
Working collaboratively with
AusMed Global and the Australian
Trade and Investment Commission,
a team of researchers from the
University of Sydney and Royal
Prince Alfred Hospital recently
unveiled the breath ketone
analyser at the Hong Kong Trade
Development Council’s International
Medical and Healthcare Fair.
Following the fair, industrial partner
AusMed Global announced it would
be officially moving its operations to
Hong Kong Science Park, a precinct
of high-technology enterprises
that will fast-track the device’s
development.
The device is being developed
to allow people living with type
1 diabetes to better manage and
detect incidences of ketoacidosis, a
life-threatening medical emergency
that occurs when the body does
not produce enough insulin,
causing the liver to produce high
levels of ketones that damage the
surrounding organs.
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVII Issue 1 2019 | 7
Leading a multidisciplinary group
of health and engineering experts
from the University of Sydney and
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Faculty
of Engineering researcher Professor
Xiaoke Yi believes the device will
lead to a more accurate detection
of ketoacidosis, in turn leading to a
more effective management of the
disease.
“The breath ketone analyser will be
a less invasive and far more accurate
way for people with diabetes to
monitor their health, by measuring
blood ketone levels in the breath,”
said Professor Xiaoke Yi from the
School of Electrical and Information
Engineering.
“The process will be as simple as
roadside breath testing – just by
measuring the concentration of
acetone in a patient’s breath, blood
ketone levels can be calculated.
“The device has been calibrated to
a high sensitivity and is based on an
innovative sensing technique that
is not affected by alcohol or other
gasses,” she explained.
Professor Xiaoke Yi says the breath
ketone analyser will be a less
invasive but far more accurate way
for people with diabetes to monitor
for ketoacidosis.
Professor Xiaoke Yi says the breath
ketone analyser will be a less
invasive but far more accurate way
for people with diabetes to monitor
for ketoacidosis.
TECHNOLOGY
Professor Stephen Twigg of the
University of Sydney and Royal
Prince Alfred Hospital said the Hong
Kong presentation highlighted the
potential value of breath ketone
monitoring and that it can become
the most common method of
monitoring for ketones.
“Monitoring for ketones is important
in people with diabetes when they
are sick and at risk of developing
diabetic ketoacidosis, the latter of
which requires emergency treatment
and can be life threatening,” said
Professor Twigg, Kellion Professor
in Endocrinology, Stan Clark Chair
in Diabetes at the University’s
Charles Perkins Centre and Head
of Department of Endocrinology at
Royal Prince Alfred Hospital.
“Looking at current testing methods
- blood testing is invasive and
relatively expensive. Getting real
time results from urine testing can
be problematic. In contrast, this
new device uses a person’s breath
to measure ketone levels and is
not invasive, and promises to be
clinically accurate and less financially
burdensome.
“Breath ketone monitoring
potentially offers a safe, reliable
and on-demand way of monitoring
ketones in the body using portable
technology. In collaboration with
AusMed Global, the interdisciplinary
University of Sydney team is
planning on making this exciting
technology an affordable reality for
people with diabetes.”
 MY FAIR SHARE
T he device will also have the potential to monitor and
assist several other diseases such as liver disease,
epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s Disease.
Attending the International Medical and Healthcare Fair
alongside the University team and AusMed Global, the
New South Wales Trade and Investment Commissioner
for South China and Hong Kong, Murray Davis said
the project represents a new model for the innovation
sector.
“It shows how an Australian innovation can access
Hong Kong capital and management expertise as well
as global manufacturing supply chains to bring new
products to market and contribute to growth of the New
South Wales knowledge economy,” he said.
Christine Yip, CEO of AusMed Global believes the
three-tiered collaboration and the recent Hong Kong
integration will fast-track the device’s commercial
availability.
“AusMed Global is excited to partner with the University
of Sydney in bringing this genuine, non-invasive ketone
measurement innovation from the laboratory to the
market,” she said.
“We look forward to providing a pain free ketone
8 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH
monitoring experience to those suffering from
debilitating diseases and life limiting illness in the near
future.”
Diabetes in Australia
According to Diabetes Australia, there are over
1.7 million Australians living with diabetes, with
approximately 10 percent living with type 1 of the
disease.
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening condition that
results in over seven-thousand hospitalisations each
year in Australia. In 2014, the estimated cost of diabetic
ketoacidosis in NSW was $8.7million.
Funding Disclosure
The University of Sydney has received funding from
exclusive licensee, AusMed Global Ltd, who are working
to commercialise the ketone breath analyzer. The device
is the result of a multidisciplinary research project from
the University of Sydney’s Faculty of Engineering, the
University of Sydney Nano Institute and the Charles
Perkins Centre.

NATIONAL
MESSAGE
2019
istinguished Guest Speaker, The National Officers
who are here today, the Chapter Officers, Dear
Members, Fellow electrical practitioners, ladies
and gentlemen, good morning to us all.
This regional conference is the 10th for this year as we
have started our regional visitation like this in Northern
Luzon last February. This regional conference is actually
an event where officers and members meet to exchange
views and to determine policy directions for IIEE-
Southern Mindanao Region as it attuned to the goals
and directions of the 2019 IIEE programs. It is but timely
that I present to you the 10-point Agenda set by the
2019 Board of Governors so that the policy directions
and all other initiatives by the Chapter will be geared
towards the realization of this agenda.
Guided by this year’s theme “IIEE@44: Distinctive
Journey in Advancing Global Competitiveness,” please
allow me then to present to you the 2019 10-Point
Agenda and how far have we gone through in the first
seven months of our service to the Institute:
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUMEXLIX
PRESIDENT'S DESK
1. SHARED VISION OF EXCELLENCE
Rapid changes in society require rapid changes in
professional organization. Yet, we also need to regularly
revisit our vision and mission to be certain that we have
not lost the end in pursuing the means. The Institute
shall always consider the shared vision as such it shall
intensify members and industry partners support in
pursuit of excellence. It shall design and implement
comprehensive programs that will regularly orient them
on the IIEE mission, vision, objectives, standards and
systems to ensure their translation into expected results.
Specifically, the following programs are to be
implemented:
1.1 Information and Training Caravan, specifically
during Regional Conferences, providing for the purpose
the Chapter Manual of Operations as well as Updates on
the Programs and Activities of the National Office
- These details were successfully made during the
orientation of the new sets of Board of Governors this
year last January, 2019 in Subic, Zambales. In the same
context, and during the orientation of the new sets of
officers for 2019, the Chapter Operations Manual as well
as all activities and updates of what we are doing in the
national office were provided to those who attended
the orientation. Likewise, printed Booklets and e-copy
of these manuals were provided to the various chapters
immediately after the orientation in the hope that all
our activities in all chapters are synchronized to the
extent that we are aiming in one same direction for the
advancement of the cause of IIEE and its members.
VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No.
Double 20191 | 9
 PRESIDENT'S DESK

1.2 Extensive Information Campaign using any/and
all tools of the national office (Social media, magazine,
websites, newsletter, slots in conferences and technical
sessions – providing full information on IIEE, its vision,
mission and goals.
- The full operations of various working committees of
the national office have already started translating for
the purpose the following tools into reality:
and well-balanced constitutional rights among members.
It shall ensure the timely ratification of the Amended
Constitution and By-Laws and the passage into law
of the proposed revised Electrical Engineering Law
to effect programs that may affect the members and
members’ services.
Specifically, the following programs are to be
implemented:

1. Issuance and Distribution of the IIEE Magazine
through the Publication Committee.
2. Provision of Chapter Slot in our website where
Chapters may be able to upload and manage their
own activities in the national website and all related
details.
3. Our Membership and Chapter Development
Committee (MCDC) is launching their own version of
a membership program that certainly addresses all
membership platforms.
4. The IIEE Highlights continues to provide updated
operational information on what the national office is
doing.
2.1 Amendment to the Constitution and By-Laws, just
last May during the General Membership Meeting, our
by-laws had been ratified, and the following provisions
were considered for the purpose viz;
1. Institute capacity that will enable the same to
perform its core functions simpler, more effective
and practicable.
2. Governmental Regulations that may affect the
IIEE’s current operational requirements viz those
of its core functions as enunciated in the Articles
of its Incorporation (taxation, non-profit-non-stock
orientation etc).
3. E-Voting and allied details.

2. PURSUE GOVERNANCE REFORM AND
CONSTITUTIONAL REVISION
Governance reform and constitutional revision are critical
to efforts to strengthen the Institute’s capacity and
enable it to perform its core functions. The institute shall
prioritize provisions that include members’ engagement
2.2 Stronger and Intensified Lobbying and Related
Activities for laws that define professional enhancement
and interest of electrical practitioners in the Philippines
and even those who are working abroad
Recently, we engaged with Suplico & Austria Law Offices
for the purpose of representing IIEE in the Senate and
Congress for the passage of the new EE Law.

AC & DC POWER SYSTEMS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

INDUSTRIAL BATTERIES
Valve Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA)/ Sealed / Maintenance-free
Traction / Motive Power
Vented / Flooded type
Nickel Cadmium
DC POWER SYSTEMS
Thyristor-controlled Charger
Modular Rectifier System
Traction Charger
AC POWER SYSTEMS
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
Industrial & Modular Inverters
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Solarmill (Wind & Solar Hybrid)
Energy Storage System (ESS)
Photovoltaic Inverters
Deep Cycle Batteries
Lithium Batteries
Solar Panels
MONITORING & TESTING
Battery Monitoring Systems (BMS)
Portable Battery Testers
AC & DC Load Banks
Gas Detection Address: #98 Culianin, Plaridel, Bulacan, Philippines 3008
TECHNICAL SERVICES Telefax No.: (+63-2) 781 4626 Email: inquiry@genikos.com
Installation, Testing and Commissioning Tel. No.: (+63-2) 522 0103 Website: www.genikos.com
Preventive Maintenance Mobile Nos.: 0918 – 951 5040 (Smart), 0917 – 863 2002 (Globe), 0932 – 858 3975 (Sun)
10 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH
3. CONTINUOUS ENHANCEMENT OF
THE RESOURCE / HUMAN CAPITAL
MANAGEMENT
The Institute shall undertake rigorous implementation of
the members’ professional development program 3. Attendance to the CAFEO meeting in Brunei.
and ensure an enriching, fair and healthy work
environment which promotes professional growth and
career advancement for the members and guarantee
a steady supply of highly competent human resource,
here and abroad, particularly in the field of electrical
engineering.
Specifically, the following programs are to be
implemented:
3.1 Continuous PEE Mentoring Program
We have consistently provided support to all PEE
applicants so that their competencies and professional
growth and development may be always on high gear.
3.2 Adherence of IIEE to ASEAN Integration and
various registries
In the same vein, we have tapped various Trade and
Investment offices of countries located in the Philippines
that may provide capacity building activities to our
practitioners on top of the usual adherence of IIEE to
ASEAN Integration and various registries.
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 11
This is done thru;
1. 1st AER Workshop in Dubai.
2. APEC / ASEAN Engineering Registry Workshop in
Doha Qatar.
4. Attendance to the Conferment of ASEAN
ENGINEERS / ASEAN Technicians.
4. REVITALIZE MEMBERSHIP ENGAGEMENT
The Institute shall continue to enhance the Member
Engagement for effective delivery of quality
services. It shall coordinate and keep the channels of
communication open between the chapter and the
individual members. It shall strengthen the Continuing
Professional Development Program, Registration
to International Engineering Registries, Career and
Job Placement Services, Increase Scholarship Grants
and Financial Aid to poor but deserving Electrical
Engineering students, upgrade E-Library Services, and
Increase access to Accident and Life Insurance.
Specifically, we will bring IIEE closer to the members, viz:
4.1 Enhanced Members’ Benefits.
But let me emphasize that all members are covered with
an life insurance policy with a maximum premium of Php
75,000.00.
 PRESIDENT'S DESK
4.2 Intensify Chapter Visitation Program
Last July 20, 2019, we had our 1st Chapter Visitation
Program for this year in Baler, Aurora, for the IIEE
Baler, Aurora Chapter. This program aims to bring the
national officers closer to the members by conducting
visitation especially on those chapter that are inactive
and becoming less participative by reason of distance,
location, and interest.
4.3 Free Technical Sessions / Conferences to as many
Chapters as possible so that members may be provided
with capacity building activities at no or very minimal
cost to them.
This program usually comes with the Chapter Visitation
Program, and we intend to extensively do this year.
5. INSTITUTIONALIZE CIVIL SOCIETY ENGAGEMENT
AND PROMOTE PRO-ACTIVE CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY
The Institute shall continue to engage in social issues,
especially those related in the discipline, in both
discourse and practice. It shall optimize collaboration
and partnership with public and private institutions and
organizations to support effective and efficient delivery
of the Institute’s programs. Establish functional linkages
and networking with development institutions for joint
CSR undertakings at the chapter, regional and national
levels, and shall sustain the development of a dynamic
community that is socially transformed particularly in the
deprived, depressed and underprivileged areas.
12 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH
Specifically, we will bring IIEE closer to the members, viz:
5.1 Collaborate with public and private institutions
and organizations
- IIEE is known for its Corporate Social Responsibility
Programs. This we boosted by signing a Memorandum
of Agreement with the ABS-CBN Foundation to launch
various projects and programs all throughout the
country that will redound to the benefits of small and
impoverished communities of our country.
5.2 Rehabilitation and development of Bengaongao
Caves in Tublay Benguet
Last January 2019, we have successfully co-sponsored
the rehabilitation and development of Bengaongao
Caves in Tublay, Benguet along with the National
Geographics. This is in close coordinate with the
Northern Luzon Region, specifically the Baguio-Benguet
Chapter. The beauty, impact and allied positive outcome
is available on National TV.
5.3 Assessment of Lake
Bulusan in Sorsogon
Last April 2019, we conducted
an assessment of Lake
Bulusan, one of our project
with ABSCBN Foundation
wherein, we evaluated, and
determine what possible
details IIEE could provide
to the park as part of its
commitment to assist
high impacting projects as part of our Corporate
Social Responsibility for which IIEE is very known.
Consequently, we are post to provide strip lights to be
put along the trail for the purpose of guiding the park
visitors especially at night.
5.4 Inspection of Blaan Tribal Community & Wellness
Village in Polomolok, South Cotabato
Another project with the ABSCBN Foundation is at “The
Blaan Tribal Community & Wellness Village”, in Barangay
Landan, Municipality of Polomolok, South Cotabato, last
May 13, 2019, our very own Socsargen Chapter of the
Southern Mindanao Region conducted an inspection for
the purpose of evaluating the existing solar electricity
system which is the primary source of energy in the area.
After confirming that the same was dilapidated, we are
post to install a new solar panel for the purpose.
5.5 Collaborate with public and private institutions
and organizations
We have also participated to some of the CSR
programs of the Professional Regulation Commission in
coordination with various APO’s;
1. Last May 20, 2019, the National Secretariat had
conducted an assessment and/or inspection
of electrical connection to ten houses of Aetas
 community located in Sitio Bawi, Dinalupihan
Bataan, this is in connection with the request of the
Professional Regulation Commission in coordination
with the Philippine Dental Association as the lead
APO of this CSR program of the PRC, adopt-a-
community-program.
2. Again, in support of the Professional Regulation
Commission’s (PRC) CSR Program, our very own
National Secretariat as well as Chapters in Southern
Luzon Region and Metro Manila Region, participated
in the Tree Planting Activity of the PRC in Caliraya
Resort, Cavinti, Laguna.
5.6 Collaborate with public and private institutions
and organizations
5.7 Singing of Memorandum of Agreement with
Davao Light & Power Co.
Last May 10, 2019, we have tapped the Davao Lights as
one of our partners in providing skills and competencies
through training and technical sessions to the employees
and officers of Davao Lights.
IIEE.ORG.PH
5.8 IIEE’s participation to the Fire Prevention Kick-
Off Program
We have also participated to the kick-off program
ceremony of the BFP, this program aims to raise
awareness in public safety and prevent all kinds of
destructive fires and motivate the public to take fire
safety as everyone’s priority, guided by this year’s theme;
“Ligtas na Pilipinas Ating Kamtin, Bawat Pamilya ay
Sanayin, Kaalaman sa Sunog ay Palawakin”.
5.9 IIEE’s participation to the 4th Electrical Safety
Summit
For the purpose of providing a venue towards building
safety in the country’s energy and power sector, our
own Electrical Safety Committee in coordination with
the Meralco Power Academy and Safety and Health
Association of the Philippine Energy Section, have
successfully conducted the 4th National Electrical Safety
Summit.
"
THE INSTITUTE
SHALL CONTINUE TO
ENGAGE IN SOCIAL
ISSUES, ESPECIALLY
THOSE RELATED IN
THE DISCIPLINE, IN
BOTH DISCOURSE
AND PRACTICE.
"
-CIRILO C. CALIBJO
2019 IIEE NATIONAL PRESIDENT
VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 13
 PRESIDENT'S DESK

5.10 Optimize joint CSR undertakings at the chapter,
regional and national levels
For the purpose of providing a large impact to our
stakeholders, we have synchronized the activities and
programs of the Institute from the National down to the
Chapter level.
the members and other stakeholders.
Specifically, the following programs are to be
implemented:
6.1 Upgrading of facilities and ensure compliance to
existing laws and regulations.

Programs we have implemented as of current are: 1. Refurbished office cubicles.

1. Nationwide Fun Run, in celebration of Electrical Safety 2. Refurbished IIEE dormitory.
month for the purpose of raising awareness in the use 3. Installation of elevator system.
of electrical products, this is also in the fulfillment of the
Institute’s mandate.

5.11 Conduct Outreach Programs

We also conduct other outreach activities i.e., feeding
programs, blood donations and oplan dagitab.

As part of the IIEE’s CSR programs, our Ladies Auxiliary

visited the Augustinian Sisters Servants of Jesus and
Mary which has an apostolate with abandoned and
neglected children. During the visit, they have brought
some foods and also prepared simple games for
the children. This charity work is heartwarming and
a memorable experience wherein the children have
enjoyed the visitation, and the Augustinian Sisters were
ATTENTION READERS
also very grateful. We welcome your ideas, questions, and feedbacks
regarding our previous issues. The EE Magazine
reserves the right to edit articles for the sake of
clarity, grammar, and brevity.
6. OPTIMUM PHYSICAL, INSTRUCTIONAL
AND ICT FACILITIES Contributors of feature articles, technical papers,
and photographs will receive special token from
The Institute shall upgrade its facilities to international The Electrical Engineer. Send your feedbacks and
standards and implement or establish new contributions to eemagazine@iiee.org.ph
infrastructures and ensure compliance to existing laws
and regulations; optimize infrastructure development
and develop an ICT Plan that will modernize IIEE services
and ensure seamless data generation and utilization by
IIEE.ORG.PH

14 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH


Under this program, the following projects are in line,
1. Refurbishment of parking space.
2. Refurbishment of Seminar rooms.
3. Repainting of IIEE building.
4. Construction of a board room.
The purpose of all these is to provide our stakeholders
with the best quality service IIEE can offer.
6.2 Develop an ICT plan and ensure seamless data
generation and utilization by the members and other
stakeholders
7. INSTITUTIONALIZE PRODUCTION
SERVICES AND ENHANCE INCOME
GENERATING ACTIVITES.
The Institute shall develop well-planned products
and services that are of value to the members. It shall
continue to explore partnership with Local/International
Trade Chambers and Industries to ensure sustainability
and growth of the 3E Expositions.
Specifically, the following programs are to be
implemented:
7.1 Provisions of a more extensive and engaging
International Exposition at par with international
standards during the Annual National Convention.
- These details are all in process. Coordination to join
the major conferences and exhibits of IIEE were made to
these existing international partners. The Exhibit Bureau
is now in full swing as far as the preparations to major
exhibition and exposition of IIEE this year is concerned.
7.6 Launching and promotion of 3EXPO 2019.
As of current, we already have 89% percent confirmed
Exhibitors for the purpose of 3EXPO 2019, the objective
is to bring closer, expose our members, and present new
trends in the EE market, especially those that will attend
the Annual National Convention came November.
8. QUEST OF QUALITY ASSURANCE AND
INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATION
The Institute shall institutionalize quality assurance
mechanism that ensures compliance with national and
international standards of excellence and implement
IIEE’s distinctive competence in all products and
services. It shall also sustain ISO 9001:2015 Certification
as one of its measures of quality and excellence.
8.1 Institutionalize quality assurance mechanism that
ensures compliance with national and international
standards of excellence.
8.2 Sustain ISO 9001:2015 Certification as one of its
measures of quality and excellence.
VOLUME XLIX Double Issue 2019 | 14
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 15
- For purposes of maintaining the quality and excellence
IIEE provides to its members as well as other key
partners, the Institute is conducting a regular internal
audit, as we are serious in implementing policies
consistent with ISO Standards, IIEE have been re-
certified as ISO 9001-2015 on Quality Management.
9. REINFORCE TRANSPARENCY AND A
SYSTEM OF GOOD GOVERNANCE
The Institute shall imbed in its system the value of
continuing growth, conscientious observance of fiduciary
rules, prudent allocation of funds, and transparency in
all fiscal transactions through transparent and shared
governance. It shall institute a financial transparency
program that supports the Institute’s Vision 2020.
Along this, the Institute shall ensure to meet customer
satisfaction to include our members, CSC, and
stakeholders including our partners and linkages for
speedy delivery of the required services.
9.1 Observance of fiduciary rules, prudent allocation
of funds, and transparency in all fiscal transactions.
9.2 Institute a financial transparency program,
This is done thru the following:
1. Posting of audited financial statement to our IIEE
official website.
2. Conduct of Chapter Audit.
10. A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY STRATEGY,
ENERGY SECURITY and SAFETY
The Institute in support to the Philippine Government
Renewable Energy programs as well as the advocacies
of the Philippine Green Building Initiatives, shall imbed
in the culture of the members the use and promotion of
environment-friendly products and services and assist
the government in its campaign for energy security and
sustainability agenda.
10.1 Campaign for energy security and sustainability
agenda.
With all these details, I know, we have a lot of things to
do for this year. And with all these, I also know we cannot
accomplish unless every one of us rally behind all these
projects and programs. With the spirit and commitment,
I am seeing now from every personality who are here
today, I am no less than confident to say the least – we
can do it!
Maraming salamat po sa inyong lahat.
Mabuhay ang IIEE!
 FEATURES
FEATURE

NATIONAL
MID-YEAR
CONVENTION
SOUTHERN LUZON REGION
VENUE: TAAL VISTA HOTEL, TAGAYTAY CITY
DATE: MAY 22-24, 2019

he Institute of Integrated Electrical

Engineers of the Philippines conducted
its 2019 National Mid-Year Convention
last May 22-24, 2019 at Taal Vista Hotel
in Tagaytay City with the 2019 theme
”Distinctive Journey on Advancing Global
Competitiveness”. The Institute offers a
dynamic stage that can make important
partnerships, solidify resources, and
empower the sharing of learning among its
members. The mid-year convention hosted
by the Southern Luzon Region led by the SLR
Governor, Engr. Esperanza A. Collado had
DPWH Assistant Secretary Antonio V. Molano
Jr. as its guest speaker during the opening
ceremony.

This mid-year convention had its exhibit-

viewing showcasing the latest in the field
of electrical industry to keep its members
abreast with new technology. Technical
seminars and product presentations were
also offered to the delegates to develop their
capabilities and skills to become globally
competitive. The Institute held its General
Membership Meeting and Committee
Meetings wherein the issues and concerns
of the organization were tackled by both
its officers and members. Likewise, the
meetings were geared to promote solidarity
and camaraderie within the Institute and the
industry. It was attended by more than 700
delegates, making the 2019 National Mid-
Year Convention a remarkable event.
Words By: Rona L. Pojas

16 | VOLUME XLIX
XLVIIIDouble
2019 Issue
IssueNo. 1
2019 IIEE.ORG.PH
 The
for Overseas
HOME
Filipino Electrical
Practitioners
in South East Asia
Words by: Rajeemah Yasmin B. Balingao

IIEE Singapore
Chapter (IIEE-SG)
started in 2012.
From then on, IIEE-
SG continued to
serve the members
not only by
strengthening the
Filipino electrical
practitioners
professional growth
but by also being
their family away
from home.

Seven (7) years have

easily passed and
the IIEE-SG Chapter
looks back. a driven

woman, Engr. Lelanie T. Mirambel,
IIEE-SG founding president, led the
chapter in organizing simple events
and gatherings wherein electrical
practitioners are encouraged to
participate.
Driven by the full support and
strong motivation from the
pioneering members of the chapter,
the initiative gave birth to the 86th
Chapter of the IIEE under PRC
Accreditation No. I-APO-016.
Francis V. Mapile and Hon. Jaime
V. Mendoza, IIEE-SG conducted
its 1st Annual Convention last
November 25-26, 2017. Present in
the said event was the Philippine
Ambassador to Singapore, Hon.
Antonio Morales. The jam-packed
two-day event of more than 150
delegates showcased various
industry-related products and
services, and the chapter was
overwhelmed with the support
received from the Philippine
Embassy and the Filipino
technical exercises, plant tours and
team buildings have been organized
for a better communication and
relationship between the two
clusters.
Being one of the first Professional
Electrical Engineers in Singapore,
Engr. Callanta also advocates of
inspiring our colleagues to upgrade
their licenses. Thus, the chapter
provides mentoring and consultation
for those who aspire to become a
PEE.

O
fficially accredited and
recognized by IIEE National
Office as a satellite chapter
based overseas, IIEE-SG is also
officially registered in Singapore
through the Registry of Societies
(ROS), a regulatory body that
administers the Societies Act in
the island city-state. Hence, IIEE-
SG continues with its advocacy
of upgrading the professional
credentials of its members through
the conduct of Technical Seminars
and Conventions.
Attended by our very own Chairman
and member of the PRC Board
of Electrical Engineering Hon.
Community.
Currently, under the leadership of its
chapter president. Engr. Ronelo S.
Callanta, together with his chapter
officers, IIEE-SG continues to soar
with over 200 active members. Thru
his governance and execution, IIEE
is paving its way to establishing the
IIEE South East Asia Region.
Last April 2019, Engr. Callanta
received a warm welcome from
the Filipino Community led by
Engr. Alvin Punzal as he personally
visited Johor Bahru, Malaysia for
the purpose of organizing the IIEE
JB-Malaysia Chapter. Since then,
To further encourage our members
abroad, the chapter also provides
support and assistance in their
license renewals. Bedazzled by the
positive feedback, IIEE-SG pledges
to assist its neighbouring countries
in establishing their own chapters
and future endeavours. It can
thereby be said that thru IIEE-SG,
IIEE is now on its way to extending
its presence in other neighbouring
South East Asian countries like
Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia and
Thailand.
As IIEE goes global, let us all keep
moving and keep the fire burning!

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 17

 WHAT'S THE NEWS

ACADEME, APO,
INDUSTRY LINK TOGETHER
PROVIDE OUTREACH PROGRAM AT BADIANGAN
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
James Paul Anacan Vitini Edhard O. Idemne,

“The Academe linking hands with the After the previous survey and consultation, the team of
Accredited Professional Organization. CPU (with IIEE students ) returned along with officers
and Industry to lend a helping hand ” of the IIEE Iloilo Chapter and were joined by electrical
personnel of ILECO 3, to address the concerns of the

T
he Central Philippine University (CPU) College of community which were mainly the electrical wiring, the
Engineering along with its IIEE student chapter water pump motor casing, and the electrical connection
members, the IIEE ILOILO Chapter and ILECO to the main line of the elementary school.
3 conducted a brigada eskwela program. The
outreach was a two-part process of which the first part
(done on March 18, 2019) was the survey and assessment
of the community’s problems by CPU’s outreach team,
and the second part was providing solutions to the
problems encountered and identified. The following
photos shown below highlight the endeavor undertaken
at the said barangay (which is about 83.5 kilometers
from Jaro, Iloilo City, in the mountains of Northern Iloilo) The CPU IIEE SC team in collaboration with the IIEE – Iloilo Chapter
during phase 2 of the outreach which was conducted on and ILECO 3, reconnect the electrical system of the school replacing
May 25, 2019. the panel, the switches, and the outlets.

The Brgy. Badiangan Elementary School which is one of the main The team returns to the community with, the IIEE – Iloilo Chapter.
points of interest for the outreach team. They are travelling towards the site.

The elementary school’s water tank which was supplied by a water

pump below the school. The survey team found out the pump can’t
supply water up to the tank
The team are installing the casing of the electric motor at the back of
the community school.

The team finished the target and are going back to the Community
The CPU IIEE Student Chapter team with the IIEE – Iloilo Officers and Barangay Hall to recap the day’s activities and take a rest before
ILECO 3 personnel attaching the lighting fixtures of the classroom. making the 3-hour journey back home.

18 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH

DOE ALLIES WITH
PCC TO UPHOLD
FAIR MARKET
COMPETITION
IN THE ENERGY
SECTOR
June 11, 2019
SOURCE: https://www.doe.gov.ph/
TAGUIG CITY - Department of Energy
(DOE) Secretary Alfonso G. Cusi today
signed a Memorandum of Agreement
(MOA) with Philippine Competition
Commission (PCC) Chairman Arsenio
M. Balisacan to promote market
competition and consumer welfare in
the energy sector.
Sec. Cusi said, “The centerpiece of the
Duterte administration is the Filipino
people. The government intends to
elevate the quality of public service and
protect the interests of our consumers.
This agreement is a step towards the
right direction as it would help ensure a
fair playing field in the energy industry.”
The Energy Chief added that the DOE,
as the lead executive agency, would
like to help fulfill the President’s goal of
SEC. CUSI HIGHLIGHTS PRIORITY
PROGRAMS FOR 2019-2022
4 June 2019
SOURCE: https://www.doe.gov.ph/
TAGUIG CITY - Department of Energy
(DOE) Secretary Alfonso G. Cusi
last June 3 reiterated the urgency of
successfully fulfilling the Department’s
priority programs for 2019-2022.
“We have the next three years to
help President Duterte realize his
vision of helping Filipinos lead stable
and comfortable lives. As we revisit
the DOE’s midterm action plan, we
must think, serve and formulate the
appropriate policies in accordance to
what will help bring accessible, reliable
and affordable energy throughout the
entire country,” he said.
BUILDING CAPACITY AND POWER
SUPPLY DEPENDABILITY
In support of the “Build, Build, Build”
program of the Duterte administration,
Sec. Cusi emphasized the crucial role of
energy, particularly building sufficient
capacity, as the key to sustaining the
country’s economic growth.
Guided by the latest Supreme Court
ruling on subjecting power supply
contracts to Competitive Selection
Process to further protect the
consumers, the Energy Chief reassured
the public that the DOE will remain
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 19
FORGING AN ALLIANCE FOR CONSUMER PROTECTION: Department of
Energy Secretary Alfonso G. Cusi (right) and Philippine Competition Commission
Chairman Arsenio M. Balisacan (left) sign a Memorandum of Agreement that
would help ensure fair market competition in the energy industry and protect
consumer interests last June 11 at the Department's headquarters in
Taguig City.
bringing about a holistic development
throughout the archipelago. “We are
seeking to build our capacity in order
to meet our ever growing demand
for power. A strong partnership with
agencies like the PCC would go a long
way in achieving the President’s noble
intention for the Filipino consumers,” he
said.
PCC Chairman Balisacan expressed that
the PCC shares the view of the DOE on
the importance of a transparent power
sector, with industry players governed
by the principles of a level playing field.
The MOA provides for closer
coordination between the DOE and the
PCC through information sharing, as
well as investigation and enforcement
relentless in finding ways to help bring
down the costs of power in the country.
He also added that missionary
electrification and the attainment of
100% household electrification all
over the Philippines continues to be
of top priority to the energy family,
in cooperation with the National
Electrification Administration, National
Power Corporation and the private
industry players.
NEW GENERATING CAPACITIES
Sec. Cusi likewise stated that the
Department will fast-track the
contracting of new generating capacities
for 2023-2030. He noted that the
Working Visit of the President in Japan
has led to another positive development
in this regard, as the Japanese
government, through the Japan
International Cooperation Agency,
expressed its interest in building a
power plant in the Philippines that could
be deployed in 18 to 24 months.
EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT USE OF
ENERGY
As part of the Department’s initiatives
support, the creation of joint task
forces, capacity-building activities, and
consultative meetings.
Also present in the signing of the MOA
were DOE Senior Undersecretary
Jesus P. Posadas, Undersecretary
Felix William B. Fuentebella, Assistant
Secretary Caron Aicetel E. Lascano,
Commissioner Johannes Benjamin R.
Bernabe, Commissioner Amabelle C.
Asuncion, Commissioner Macario R. de
Claro Jr., Executive Director Kenneth
V. Tanate, Director Orlando P. Polinar,
Atty. Melbourne Ziro D. Pana, Atty.
Gianfrancis Camacho, Atty. Christina
Faye Condez-de Sagon, and Atty. Rigel
Villanueva.
to provide reliable, sustainable, and
affordable energy sources, the DOE is
preparing an integrated transmission
power development plan, as well as
a green rate program that will help
strengthen the country’s renewable
energy sector.
Sec. Cusi stressed that the DOE “will
ensure the sustainable implementation
of the rules and laws for the security of
our energy supply through competition,
access to bilateral markets, anti-
monopoly measures, least-cost power,
and the protection of the environment.”
Despite being technology neutral,
he further assured the public that the
DOE will continue to help protect
the environment and address climate
change concerns by exploring the
utilization of the latest technologies that
are environmentally sustainable.
UNITED AS ONE
With the DOE fully supportive of
the current administration’s vision of
inclusive progress, the Energy Chief
appealed to all energy family members
to remain steadfast in the face of
challenges and continue to improve as a
unified energy sector.
“I will be looking at how we do things
and make the necessary changes if
needed. Magtulungan tayo para mas
maganda at maunlad ang kinabukasan
ng mga susunod na henerasyon ng
Pilipino,” he concluded.
 TECHNICAL
ELECTRICAL SAFETY, an
advocacy of the Institute of
Integrated Electrical Engineers
of the Philippines, Inc. has
gone a long way. This advocacy
resulted in the electrical safety
awareness among licensed electrical
practitioners and the electrical
consumers. To top it all, the Electrical
Safety Month is celebrated in the
month of May. During this month,
every IIEE Chapter in the entire
country including the foreign
chapters celebrate electrical
safety by reaching out to the
public to continuously educate
and inform them.
C
orollary to the said campaign on electrical
safety awareness, the Professional Regulation
Commission on its end intensified the
implementation of RA7920 by reiterating specific
provisions on the Republic Act, the Philippine Electrical
Code, and also the National Building Code.
In support of PRC’s intensified implementation of
RA7920, the Department of Public Works and Highways
issued NBC MEMORANDUM Circular 02, Series of 2015
dated 15 December 2015:
“In order to attain an electrical safe environment and
pursuant to Section 1301 of the National Building Code
(PD 1096) and Article 1.3.2 of the Philippine Electrical
Code, All Building Officials are hereby enjoined to
be stricter in approving Building Permits by requiring
the submission of electrical plans that include design
analysis showing all the calculations of short circuits,
voltage drop and other essential data as requisite for the
issuance of Electrical Permit. . .”
Likewise, the Department of the Interior and Local
Government issued DILG MEMORANDUM CIRCULAR
No. 2016-23 dated 17 February 2016:
“Article 1.3.2.1 (f) of the Philippine Electrical Code
20 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH
requires the inclusion of a design analysis on the
drawings or submission of the
same on separate sheets showing the
calculations of short circuit currents
and voltage drop among others,
to . . .”
What is voltage drop?
Voltage Drop is the
difference between the
voltage measurement
at the source and the
voltage measurement
at the point of use.
What causes voltage
drop?
There are various causes of voltage
drop ranging from the conductor being used, the current
being carried by the conductor, and the connections in
the circuit.
• Considering the conductor being used, four factors are
paramount importance – (a) the type of material from
which the conductor is made, (b) the diameter of the
conductor, (c) conductor length, and (d) the temperature
of the conductor.
• As for the current being carried by the conductor –
voltage drop increases with an increase in the current
flowing through the conductor.
• Connections on the circuit contribute to voltage drop –
poor connections in splices or connections of conductors
to terminals are factors to be considered.
Why is there a need to reduce voltage?
Aside from the reducing wasted electricity brought
about by voltage drop, we reduce them for the following
reasons:
• System efficiency. A large conductor allows less
voltage drop if a circuit has much of a load.
• System performance. Excessive voltage drop in a
circuit causes inefficiency resulting in shorter life span
of motors, flickering lights, overheating, heaters heating
poorly, etc.
• Trouble shooting. Trouble shooting can be done easily
when voltage drop is included in the design and any
potential problem can be easily identified.
Voltage Drop Formula
(Reference PEC 2009 TABLE 9.1.1.9, Appendix D, D15)
For Three Phase System:
VD = (1.732) (I) (Z) [(L/305) (1/No. of Parallel Path)]
Z = √R² + X²
%VD = VD/VS x 100
Where :
VD - Voltage Drop (Volts)
Vs - Supply Voltage (Volts)
I - Line Current (Ampere)
For Single Phase System:
VD = (I) (Z) [(L/305) (1/No. of Parallel Path)]
Z = √R² + X²
%VD = VD/VS x 100
Where :
VD - Voltage Drop (Volts)
Vs - Supply Voltage (Volts)
I - Line Current (Ampere)
Z - Line Impedance (Ohms)
R - Line ac resistance (Ohms)
X - Line ac reactance at 60Hz (Ohms)
L - Length of Conductor (Meters)
Example:
For Three Phase System:
For Cable 500mm² - R = 0.015Ω/305m X = 0.037Ω/305m
I = 1291.77A L = 15m No. of Parallel Path = 4 Vs = 230V

Z - Line Impedance (Ohms) By substituting values:

R - Line ac resistance (Ohms)
X - Line ac reactance at 60Hz (Ohms)
L - Length of Conductor (Meters)
Z = √0.015² + 0.037² = 0.0399Ω
VD = (1.732)(1291.77)(0.0399)[(15/305)(1/4)]
VD = 1.0976V
%VD = VD/VS x 100 = 1.0976/230 x100 = 0.48%

Voltage Drop values are now reflected on the load schedule. Corollary to this
article, Short Circuit will be discussed next issue.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 21

 TRAVEL
CATAND
This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com
Catanduanes, once
called the “Land of the Howling
Winds,” is now an emerging
tourism destination that invites
travelers looking for well-kept
secrets off the usual path. This
gem in the east of Bicol Peninsula
is a perfect hideaway, a place
to take pleasure in a largely
unspoiled nature, to reconnect
with one’s historical and religious
heritage and to experience the
rustic charm of island life.
22 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH
P H
This photo is publish Credits to : www.vigattintourism.com
Religion being an integral
part of the Catandungan life
abounds with religious sites –
the Immaculate Conception
Cathedral in Virac, the century-
old Baroque-style Bato Church
believed to have been built by
forced labor for 53 years, and the
Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows
visited by pilgrims for their
petitions for healing to mention
a few.
I L I P
This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com
The beaches around
Catanduanes are
pristine, and those along Virac
coast like Mamangal and Balite
Beach are ideal sites for skim
boarding, knee-boarding and
kayaking. The world famous
Majestic Waves are found in
Baras, Catanduanes where one
can experience the breath-taking
barrel-type surf at Puraran Beach,
and closer at Brgy. Tilod, there is
DUANES
P P I N E S

This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com

This photo is publish Credits to : www.backpackingpilipinas.com This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com This photo is publish Credits to : gocatanduanes.com

one where the waves are perfect the excellent view of v from a delicacies called latik, ibos, and
for beginners. Explore the entire distance. barisungsung, or rootcrop-based
island and you’ll find more. Waterfalls in backdrops of lush delights such as tabogtabog,
greenery and vegetation can also kaluko and koping. You can also
Caves are also abundant in the be found in Catanduanes – three- feast with crabs, lobster, and
province. The most famous, tiered beauties like Marbina Falls deep-sea fishes.
Luyang Cave – a silent witness in Bato and Nahulugan Falls in
to the martyrdom of the natives, Gigmoto, and closer to its capital Come to the Land of the Howling
houses an altar and grotto is the two-tiered Hicming Falls, a
in honor of those who have 20-minute tricycle ride from Virac Winds - Catanduanes,
perished. Aside from the mystery proper. a paradise yet to be discovered!
of the cave itself, the surrounding
park offers an ideal picnic area Appetizing and yummy offerings (The 2019 IIEE Bicol Regional
under the canopy of trees and in the province are plentiful – rice Conference was held in Virac,
Catanduanes on April 2019)

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 23

 S
FOR Y0U WHO RECEIVED THI
E
COPY, WRITE HERE WHAT IIE
)
IS. (KEEP THIS COPY AS A SOUVENIR

..the p
Elect
conn
our c
can h

...PRC accredited
practitioners that b
...the Integrated Accredited
Organization of All Electrical
Practitioner in the Philippines where all
electrical practitioners interact and
share ideas with each other. IIEE also ...more t
helps its members to cope with fast It is ou
changing society through affordable family.
trainings and seminars."
us toget
"Yasmin - REE #59090
profess
our kno
IIEE #61892

...is the organization that binds

all the electrical practitioners in the field
the Philippines.

"Brian - REE #67731

IIEE #79777

24 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH

 ...the pillar of the profession it is
...the organization of all RME, REE, and PEE a beacon that serves as the guide to
electrical practitioners to an ethical and
all over the philippines, also the IIEE is to
responsible practice
provide update to Electrical practitioners "Marvin - REE 23013
regarding current trends with regards to ...the brethren in the electrical
technology, and to inform the filipino people profession, wielding power and
regarding our profession, light for a future bright.
"Vitsz Idemne - REE #23013

IIEE #44322
"Emmanuel - REE
...one strong family of electrical
practitioners.

professional organization for

"Jos Orticio - REE #696
IIEE #3857

trcal Engineers which aims to

nect electrical practitioners from
country. It provides services which
...Inspiring Inventiveness
Enhancing Excellence.
help our electrical practitioners "Jojie R. Bautro - PEE #4107
IIEE-SN#47 2

"Warren
- REE

...is a habitat of license

legendary Electrical

IIEE SHAPE DEVELOPMENT

Experts that rouses
the development of

AND COMPETENCE
membership to compare
globally
"Angging Silao-Fuertes PEE #4269
"Gov. Richard

d professional organization of electrical

bind us together and forever.
...is the institue that can
...an umbrella wherein fellow practitioner could bind the relationship for the
find shelter. electrical Practitioners.

than just an organization.

"Aron

ur home, and we arebinds

A family that unites,our
ether, contributes toenhances ...one of the cornerstones of
sional growth and ities in our growth as professionals.
owledge and capabil

d of electrical engineering. ..." is an organization of

electrical engrs accrdtd
by the PRC established
on 1975.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 25
 EE Woman

“
Life is how
you make it -
and in the profession
dominated by men,
when a woman
works, the
world learns

”
- Ma. Cristina Sheila C. Cabaraban

26 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH

 T
his EE Woman is no stranger to the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the
Philippines, Inc. being a former National President (2015) before she even became a golden girl
(imagine being a Lady National President in her forty’s). A Professional Electrical Engineer, Ma’am
Sheila as she is fondly called, currently works as Asst. Vice President-Phinma Solar/Phinma Energy
Corporation and as Project Development Manager for the same company. She not only rocks but she
also roars!

Soaring high above it all in her EE profession, she rose to ranks and worked as College Professor, then
as Chairperson-Electrical Engineering Department until she became the Dean-College of Engineering
of Cagayan De Oro College. For sure many electrical engineers from Cagayan De Oro and nearby
places had Ms. Sheila as their former mentor while the 'pasaways' one time or another may have
considered her a tormentor.

From the academe she had this paradigm shift in career as an educator by working as Consultant
at the former Trans Asia Oil and Energy Development Corporation, now popularly known as Phinma
Energy Corporation. She has been with the company for almost ten (10) years practicing the
profession that during her student years, only a few chose.

Owing to her professional success are her educational qualifications ranging from Bachelor of Science
in Electrical Engineering, Master of Science in Engineering Management, completed the academic
requirements for Ph. D. in Educational Planning and Management, a Fellowship Awardee from the
Netherlands Fellowship Program, Maastricht School of Management, studied Project Management at
the Asian Institute of Management, and she even took up Bachelor of Laws, a path so different from
her engineering profession.

Her professional involvement with IIEE cannot be ignored too, not only because she was a former
National President but also her being a former Committee Chairman for IIEE-ASEAN and Asia Pacific
Registry, a Fellow of IIEE, a member of the ASEAN Monitoring Committee on Engineering Services of
the Philippines, and member of Engineering Accreditation Commission – PTC ACBET to mention a few.

Let’s get to know her better as she

Call her Shing.
To quote some
lyrics from the song
“I am Woman” by Helen
Reddy, Ma’am Sheila is indeed the
EE Woman – “I am woman hear
me roar in numbers too big to
ignore, and I know too much to
go back and pretend . . . You
can bend but never break me,
‘cause it only serves to make
me more determined to
achieve my final goal . . .”
answers our questions
I believe that life is how you make it.
People don’t know that I am a green thumb.
I am good at learning new things.
I am an EE practitioner because I am a critical
thinker.
If I am not an EE practitioner, probably I am
an astronomer (day and night).
When a woman works the world learns.
Life is always different in the power sector
because it pervades all sectors of society across
all socio-political systems.

At the end of the day awaits the question that

that each human being is asked by his Creator.

As an electrical engineer, what do you think is

your biggest contribution to the profession?
Honestly, I really cannot quantify.

Do you agree that females have a disadvantage

in the Electrical profession? Physical attribute.

IIEE.ORG.PH
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 27
 COVER
COVER STORY
STORY

UNDER
DISTRIBUTION
GROUND ready SYSTEM
are we totally

for
?
Words by: Emmanuel B. Allada
Photos by: Aron D. Ricafrente

this
D
istribution System as defined in EPIRA Law refers to the system of wires and Question: What is the significance
associated facilities belonging to a franchised distribution utility extending of underground distribution system
between the delivery points on the transmission or sub transmission system in today's practice?
or generator connection and the point of connection to the premises of the
end-user. Distribution system can be installed overhead which is commonly Engr. Calantuan: The significance
practiced in our country and underground which is being practiced in several of underground distribution system
areas in our country. in today's practice is its reliability and
longevity in ensuring and assuring
In our country, most distribution lines are installed overhead which can be underground laid out electrical power
easily tapped by informal settlers and is dangerous as it may cause harm and sub-transmission and distribution
bring inconvenience to the end users and another problem is that overhead systems are immune to catastrophic
distribution system are more vulnerable to the natural calamities. Those damages brought about by torrential
kind of installation also gives problems to the paying consumers as they are tropical storms and monsoon rain
shouldering fees of the electricity consumed by those who connected their surges complemented by much
lines illegally. reduced impact of lightning strikes
Our Overhead Distribution System already had a several improvements, as well as enhanced electrical safety
starting from the post itself, from wood to concrete, upgraded cable wires, from aerial electrocution hazards.
insulating materials, etc. But is it safe enough for the public especially during Question: What are the notable
natural calamity? advantages and disadvantages of
underground distribution system from
Few places in the Philippines has already adopted Underground Distribution overhead distribution system?
System and we asked several Experts regarding Underground Distribution
System and let’s find out if we are totally ready for this. Engr. Calantuan: Notable
advantages of underground
Engr. Edgardo Calantuan is the current Project Director of United Power distribution system from overhead
Systems Philippines Inc. He and his team already handled several underground distribution system are: immunity
distribution system projects in the country. from damaging weather disturbances;
reduced impact of lightning strikes;
Question: What is Underground Distribution System: and enhanced electrical safety from
overhead electrocution hazards.
Engr. Calantuan: Underground Distribution System (as applied to electrical
power) refers to the "below grade" layout run of various sizes of polyvinyl Notable disadvantages of
chloride (pvc) pipes & fittings which are concrete-encased for structural underground distribution system
integrity & electrical safety; interconnected by various configurations of from overhead distribution system
reinforced concrete manholes, with complementing manhole accessories; are: prohibitive cost-driven
"mandrelled" accordingly to ensure no physical obstruction or hindrance is construction works; varying invert
present to impede smooth pull-in of specifically-designed number of electrical elevation profile brought about
power distribution conductors, intended for the purpose, from source point/s by other trades' underground
up to supply point/s of electrical power. distribution systems (sewer, domestic
water, storm drainage, irrigation,
telecommunication, etc.); and
periodic seismic movements likely

28 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH

to affect structural integrity of concrete-encased pvc
pipes & fittings and reinforced concrete manholes of
underground electrical power sub-transmission and
distribution power systems.
Question: What specific underground distribution
system (that your company has done) can you cite,
and what challenges arose during the installation of
the underground distribution system?
Engr. Calantuan: The almost 20-kilometer
underground distribution system (34.5 kV electrical
power, sewer, domestic water, landscape irrigation,
telecommunication and street lightings) construction
works undertaken by United Power Systems Philippines
Incorporated (UPSPI) from November 12 to July 2014
at the Philippine Arena (Bocaue & Sta. Maria, Bulacan)
encountered environmental challenges such as
voluminous rock formations underneath their respective
horizontal layout runs which required lots of rock
breaking activities; presence of shallow ground water
table almost everywhere which required almost 24-hour
dewatering activities; and presence of a number of un-
identified (not reflected on as-built plans), previously
done underground installations pertaining
to storm drainage, sewer, temporary
electrical power, etc. which needed to
be re-routed and/or isolated beforehand
thereby impacting the construction work
schedule of underground distribution
systems.
to resolve issues & concerns that popped up on a daily
basis.
Question: How much does installation of
underground distribution system cost?
Engr. Calantuan: Installation of underground
distribution system cost cannot readily and/or arbitrarily
known/ascertained since its cost item parameters are
significantly dependent and based on its electrical
design concepts, design development, Terms of
Reference (TOR), technical specifications, etc.; inputs
from power utility company; inputs from Local
Government Unit (LGU) having jurisdiction; proposed
site logistical & environmental conditions; and other
perceived and/or likely factors that may have an impact
to the proposed underground distribution system.
Question: What are the current trends in
underground distribution system and are we at par
with these trends?
Engr. Calantuan: The current trends in underground
distribution system are its inclusion and/or integration

The almost 22-kilometer underground

distribution system (115 kV sub-transmission
& 34.5 kV distribution electrical power)
construction works undertaken by UPSPI
from April 2014 to September 2015 at the
Entertainment City Estate Management
Inc. (ECEMI), NAIAx, Diosdado Macapagal
Avenue, Paranaque City, Metro Manila
encountered environmental and other
trades' works-related challenges such as
very shallow ground water table, being
a reclaimed area near Manila Bay, which
required 24-hour dewatering activities;
soft and water-soaked backfilled soil
embankments which made it difficult for
construction heavy equipment to position
& maneuver thereby requiring additional
soil footing reinforcements; and prolonged
site clearing and geodetic-siting of roadway
routes, where the underground 115 kV sub-transmission as one of the showcase features of i-townships, smart
& 34.5 kV distribution system layouts would be situated, urban/urbanized cities within a city or municipality, high-
which then required tremendous efforts and pleadings end communities, upscale industrial parks, institutional
on a daily basis to courteously urge the site management compounds/complexes and global-grade recreational/
of the project to intercede in such site condition and sports centers.
predicament.
Nationwide, it is deemed that the Philippines is still far
Question: How did your team manage from what is called "on par" with such current trends
those challenges? due to its required financial investments/allocations/
provisions for its inclusion and/or integration to global-
Engr. Calantuan: Our team was able to manage standard infrastructure projects.
those challenges from the aforementioned project Nonetheless, it is earnestly hoped that such much-
sites by maximizing the purpose & use of our 5Ms desired underground distribution system (at least for
(manpower, machineries, materials, methodologies electrical power sub-transmission and distribution
and management) for work productivity objectives; systems) would be gradually adopted as a national
daily technical and safety toolbox meetings among policy and subsequently sustained for the betterment of
project site personnel to ensure clarity and awareness our electrical power infrastructure.
of daily site work activities were absorbed and
performed accordingly; and almost daily interaction and
coordination with the overall project site management

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 29

 TRAVELSTORY
COVER
Taguig Fact
Fact About
Taguig
Hidden
Taguig
Fact
Bonifacio Global City

Did You Know...

Bonifacio Global City used to be a part of the military reserve of United
States government. The military base was called Fort McKinley, named
after president William McKinley. BGC served as the headquarters of
different organizations specially the Philippine Division of the U.S. Army
and the Philippine Scouts.
Bonifacio Global City has a secret underground tunnel in Bonifacio Global
City that is 2.24 kilometers long and the tunnel had 70 feet under and
has 32 chambers and exits that leads to Pembo and East Pembo. History
says that the tunnel was established for delivered and transporting
supplies from Pasig River to military bases. In addition with this the secret
underground tunnel was also occupied by the Japanese as their hiding
spot in World War.

Question: Are there new ways to
improve the current system?
Engr. Calantuan: Underground
Distribution Systems are already in
need of technologically- improved
construction heavy & light
equipment excavation/earth moving
features; shoring formwork systems;
concrete-encased formwork systems;
earth trimming/floor-leveling/
compacting equipment; manhole
accessories; and cost-friendly ready-
mix concrete in order to significantly
improve/enhance their relevancy and
sustainability.
Question: Based on your
experience and perspective, are
there any possibility for the whole
Philippines to adapt underground
distribution system?
Engr. Calantuan: Any possibility
for the whole Philippines to adopt
underground distribution system
will require a national policy
and enabling law to forego with
overhead distribution system and
gradually/systematically migrate
to underground distribution
system paving for the sustainable
development and implementation
of a well-infrastructured electrical
power system in the Philippines.
Next, we read the insights of the
Senior Vice President of Networks
of the Largest Distribution Utility
Company in the Philippines, Engr.
Ronnie L. Aperocho.
Question: What is underground
distribution system?
Engr. Aperocho: It is an electric
distribution system where cables are
installed underground.
There are two basic types of
underground distribution system
being used by utility companies are
the Direct Buried Cable System in
which the underground distribution
cables are directly laid on the trench.
and Conduit/Duct System (Direct
Buried Duct or Concrete Encased
Duct) which the underground cables
are placed inside a conduit or a
duct.
Question: What is the significance
of underground distribution
system in today’s practice?
Engr. Aperocho: Given the
congestion of overhead distribution
facilities, Right-of¬-Way (ROW)
constraints, increasing consumer
demand, government direction
and regulation, the underground
distribution system plays a
significant role in resolving these
limitations or pain points.
A key factor in ensuring a successful
underground distribution system
installation is a properly designed
infrastructure of residential,
commercial and industrial
customers.
Question: What are the notable
advantages and disadvantages of
underground distribution system
from overhead distribution
system?
Engr. Aperocho: The Notable
advantages of underground
distribution system is the Public
Safety; since all distribution wiring
are placed beneath the surface
of the ground, it poses minimal
risks of physical and electrical
hazard, in contrast to the overhead
distribution. Another advantage
is its Reliability since the electric
power lines in the underground
distribution system are less
susceptible to outages in the
event of weather disturbances,
such as typhoons and in case of
road hazards brought about by
vehicular encounters with overhead
line structures (pole, pedestals,
etc.) Also, its Improved Exterior
(Aesthetics) is considered as an
advantage because it addresses
the pain point of an overhead
distribution system which is the
congested overhead electric
facilities. This efficient design
gives rise to the considerable
public pressure on electric
distribution utilities to implement
an underground distribution
system. Underground distribution
system has a significantly lower
maintenance cost than that of an
overhead distribution system due to
the reduced chances of faults and
service interruptions attributable to
wind, lighting and traffic hazards.
While the Underground distribution
system has a numerous advantage
than the overhead distribution
system, it also has its disadvantages
starting with the Higher Installation
Cost as this is more expensive
due to the high cost of labor and
materials involved: trench works,
conduits, cables, manholes, and
other special equipment. Its
initial cost ranges from four to six
times the cost of an Overhead
distribution system. Technical
Training Requirements also arises as

30 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH

a disadvantage in the adaption of
the underground distribution system
since highly specialized personnel
should be employed to handle
the accessories and equipment
for highly specialized work such
as power cable termination and
splicing. Cable preparation requires
skills and experience since cable
joints are the weakest portions
of the underground lines and are
prone to partial discharge and
eventual failure. Longer Installation
and Maintenance Period is also a
disadvantage of the underground
distribution system as it takes
months to install an underground
distribution system given the level
of the civil and electrical works
required. Civil Works includes the
construction of concrete ducts and
manholes and Electrical Works
includes cable pulling and the
installation of equipment such
as pad-mounted switchgears
transformers. It also takes a longer
time to repair underground lines
given the difficulty in detecting
faults and locating of damaged
facilities. Another disadvantage of
Underground distribution system
is the Non-live line work as typical
faults that occur in this system are
usually permanent and cannot be
operated live.
Question: What specific
underground distribution
system (that your company has
done) can you cite and what
challenges arose
during the installation
of underground
distribution system?
industrial parks like Carmelrey
Industrial Park, First Philippine
Industrial Park (FPIP) and Laguna
International Industrial Park. The
Bonifacio Global City, on the other
hand, was initiated due to a local
government ordinance.
Question: What are the challenges
encountered during the
installation of the system?
Engr. Aperocho: Personnel with
highly specialized skills are required
to execute civil and electrical
works. The right specification of
materials (conductor, tapes, splicing
kit, termination kit, etc.) should
be applied according to a specific
voltage, taking into account the
effect of moist, mechanical strength
in pulling, temperature, loading,
fault, etc.
Question: How did your team
manage to conquer those
challenges?
Engr. Aperocho: Highly specialized
personnel – experts from
international and local partners
(e.g., manufacturer, foreign electric
distribution utilities, geodetic/civil
engineers, etc.) helped in the initial/
pilot stage of construction while
the company employees were on
board. Continuous trainings were
conducted until the employees
developed the specialized skills to i)
install standard materials, ii) execute
the right method/scheme on the
construction and maintenance
and iii) operate the underground
distribution system (Philippine
Electrical Code (PEC) 2, Chapter 4).
International technical standard
references (AEIC CS9, ANSI/
ICEA T-27-581 NEMA WC 53 for
conductors, ANSI / IEEE Std 404 for
splicing and ANSI/IEEE Std 48 IEC
60840 termination etc.) and in-house
tests were employed, particularly on
cables to ensure the quality of the
raw materials, appropriateness of
tools and machines, and suitability
of the production method.
Question: How much does
installation of underground
distribution system cost?
Engr. Aperocho: The installation
of underground distribution system
cost 18Million pesos (estimate) per
kilometer for a three-phase single
circuit with primary and secondary
concrete encased system at 34.5kV
voltage. This cost includes labor,
material and transportation cost for
civil works and electrical works.
Question: What are the
current trends in underground
distribution system and are we at
par from these trends?
Engr. Aperocho: Fault Indicator
– is installed on all underground
equipment (pad-mounted

Engr. Aperocho:
In the early ‘90s,
MERALCO officially
started its underground
distribution system to
energize residential,
commercial and
industrial customers.
Two major factors affect
the implementation
of the underground
distribution system: i)
customer requirement
and ii) government
directive.
Instances of
underground
distribution system
projects as a result of
customer requirements
include the McKinley
Residential Distribution
System and several

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 31

 TECHNICAL
transformer and switchgear)
to facilitate the location and
sectionalizing of faulted cable.
Portable Partial Discharge
Monitoring Equipment – is
the solution to the “install and
forget” scheme of underground
electric cables. This device can
detect partial discharge (PD) on
underground cable and equipment
to prevent a sudden failure which
can cause detrimental effects to the
underground distribution line.
As per Meralco is concerned, the
technologies we are using in the
underground distribution system
are on par with the international
standards by following the
benchmarks of the international
practice.
Question: Are there new ways to
improve the current system?
Engr. Aperocho: Horizontal
Directional Drilling (HDD) – a
trenchless type of underground
distribution facility which is ideal for
locations where electric distribution
line crosses the railroad, a busy
highway on which the open trench is
not feasible.
Underground cable sensor – a
device that helps track the location
of existing underground line which
is hard to locate or identify during
maintenance works.
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Flexible Conduit- Unlike the regular
PVC Conduit which needs adapter to
connect every 3-meter along the line
between manholes. HDPE does not
need adapter since it can provide a
longer cut (100M) which can be run
between manholes. Best to use on
direct buried conduit system.
Technology Upgrades and
32 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH
Integration Network – the
development of advanced
underground equipment and
devices contributed to the
underground distribution system. In
particular, MERALCO has developed
smart equipment for underground
distribution facilities such as the Ring
Main Unit (RMU) which functions as
a switchgear and the installation of
smart switchgear.
Training and Professional
Development – continuing
education shall be implemented
with the advent of new trends driven
by customer demand, regulatory
direction and continuing technology
upgrade.
Currently, these are the MERALCO
projects which are improvements on
underground distribution system.
Question: Based on your
experience and perspective, are
there any possibility for the whole
Philippines to adapt underground
distribution system?
Engr. Aperocho: Given the high
cost and the need for highly
specialized personnel to implement
an underground distribution system,
prudence dictates that we apply the
underground distribution system
based on what each situation
requires.
It is a challenge to develop a new
underground distribution system
but it is more difficult to convert
existing overhead distribution
into underground system. The
retirement of existing overhead
facilities and relocating it for
underground facilities require more
time and entail more expenditures.
Comprehensive planning is needed
since this will also affect existing
customers due to the likelihood of
frequent power interruption.
Driven by customer requirement,
government directives and
technological advancement,
underground distribution system can
be adapted in the Philippines more
particularly for new construction
than conversion to underground
distribution system from an
existing overhead distribution
system. The implementation shall
be subjected to a comprehensive
assessment of relevant issues such
as cost implication, feasibility of
the location, preparation of highly
specialized personnel, material
(technical) allocation and acceptance
of the public.
With the insights of Engr. Calantuan
and Engr. Aperocho, we can see
that the underground distribution
system brings huge significance
in today’s practice as it is more
reliable and safer than the Overhead
distribution system. Installation
of the underground distribution
system is challenging as there are
numerous factors to be considered.
These challenges may be difficult
to overcome but with the shared
knowledge and skills of the
experts involved in the installation
of the system, Installation of the
underground distribution system will
be successful. Our country may be
far from being par with the current
standards, the technology being
used is still capable of providing
a good underground distribution
system.
As of today, it is hard to say that
every areas in our country can
adopt underground distribution
system, but with extensive research,
trainings, support from local and
national government and general
public, and funding, the Philippines
can adopt the underground
distribution system in the
foreseeable future.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SEA WAVE
ELECTRICAL ENERGY CONVERTING SYSTEM
WITH BUILT-IN CCTV CAMERA
Ivan Macdowell J. Balmes | Kenneth Dave M. Inciong | Jefferson P. Añonuevo,
John Errol D. Faraon | Bobby G. Sabiniano | Ranie M.Magbanua | Gladys R. Ilagan
Jiester C.Kalaw | Karen M. Buela
College of Engineering, University of Batangas, Batangas City
ABSTRACT
Hundreds of years ago, people have never imagined
that they can make their lives very easy. Electricity is
something that people cannot live without in the modern
day. Living on a planet that is dominated by water, more
than 70% of Earth’s surface is covered with this simple
molecule. Wave, tidal and ocean energy techniques are
just beginning to reach viability as potential commercial
power sources. Worldwide potential from wave and tidal
power has been enormous. As the modern times keep
continuity of sources of electricity through the renewable
sources available despite sea wave’s unpredictability as
it is used as the main source of electricity generation,
the proponents of this study in order to contribute to the
increasing numbers of options for electric power came
up with this study entitled, “Design and Development
of an Electrical Energy Converting System with Built-In
CCTV Camera”
The proponents used the Waterfall Methodology
which is divided into five different stages. In the
requirement stage, the proponents started to gather
information from all the possible resources that would
help in project development. The design stage, the
proponents converted the visualized ideas into design
illustration. After having the design, all factors affecting
the components to be used by the proponents were
taken into consideration. In the implementation stage,
the proponents proposed design was done giving
compatibility, efficiency and economy much attention.
In the verification stage, the proponents of the study
observed first the behavior and characteristics of the sea
waves where the prototype would be installed before it
passed through various types of tests. Last stage is the
maintenance stage in which the proponents maintained
and preserved the system and prototype itself to
prevent problems in the future.
The proponents tested the project and found out that
the intensity of the current of the sea waves was a big
help in getting the results in the various type of tests.
The proponents found out that the device was charging
well during the afternoon where sea wave’s current
intensity was high.
KEYWORDS: Sea-Waves, renewable energy, sprocket,
CCTV
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 33
TECHNICAL
INTRODUCTION
Hundreds of years ago, people have never imagined that
they can make lives very easy. Electricity is something
that people cannot live without in the modern day.
Without it, life will be so much difficult and laid back.
People need to learn how to value electricity and learn
how to produce it from renewable sources.
Awanou, et al. (2015), asserts that with the population
level today, the improvement in comfort is accompanied
by an increase in the electrical energy required.
The predicted exhaustion of fossil energy resources
maintains some speculation. The modernization of
current trend of living and world development are
moving at fast pace, showing no sign to stop in the
coming years. Humans have become energy dependent
individuals and technology-based community. The
energy is used in various kinds of devices that aid in the
comfortable way of living, especially electrical energy.
Problems emerged when energy, electrical energy to be
exact, are produced while causing much drawbacks to
the environment especially to the atmospheric condition
as the greenhouse gases polluting the air surrounding as
the result from the usage of non-renewable sources such
as fossil fuels and natural gas. These non-renewable
sources become depleted through time as limited in
amount causing the price for electrical energy supply
tend to show increment in economic cost plus the cost
of extracting those sources from beneath the earth.
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the current
technologies, the renewable energy technology is the
alternative way to replace and support the sustainability
of the environmental friendly concept. Renewable
energy resources exist over wide geographical areas, in
contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated
in a limited number of countries. While many renewable
energy projects are large-scale, renewable technologies
are also suited to rural and remote areas. Renewable
energy provided an estimated 19% of global final
energy consumption in 2012 (REN21, 2014), while the
total worldwide investments in renewable technologies
amounted to more than US$ 214 billion in 2013.
Living on a planet that is dominated by water, more than
70% of the Earth's surface is covered with this simple
molecule. Wave, tidal and ocean energy technologies
are just beginning to reach viability as potential
commercial power sources. Worldwide potential from
 TECHNICAL
wave and tidal power has been enormous. While just
a few small projects currently exist, the technology
is advancing rapidly and has huge potential for
generating power. The flowing waters in the rivers and
tidal waves can be a good source of energy which can
be collected using different machines or equipment
at strategic locations under strong currents. Despite
being discussed in patents since the late 18th century,
modern research into harnessing energy from waves was
stimulated by the emerging oil crisis of the 1970s. With
global attention now being drawn to climate change
and the rising level of CO2, the focus on generating
electricity from renewable sources is once again an
important area of research. (B. Drew, A.R. Plummer, and
M.N. Sahinkaya, 2009).
The modern times keep continuity of sources of
electricity through the renewable sources available
despite sea waves’ unpredictability as it is used as the
main source of electricity generation. The proponents
of this study in order to contribute to the increasing
number of options for electric power came up with this
study entitled, “Design and Development of a Sea Wave
Electrical Energy Converting System with Built-in CCTV
Camera”.
Generally, the study aimed to design and develop a
Sea Wave Electrical Energy Converting System with
Built-in CCTV. Specifically, this study aimed to attain the
following objectives:
(1)To determine the components in designing and
developing a device that will harness sea-waves which
can be converted into electrical energy;
(2)To determine the process of converting sea waves into
electrical energy through the use of the combinations
of a generator, voltage circuit regulator, a modified gear
flywheel, a speed converter, a lever arm, and a float; and
(3)To test the Sea Waves Powered Coast Monitor in
terms of:
(3.1)voltage produced by the system with relation to the
height and intensity of the waves;
(3.2)charging rate of the system in the battery; and
(3.3)effectiveness to supply the load and its discharging
rate
The output of this project is a CCTV Monitoring
System that is powered by Sea Waves which allows
the collection of energy through the waves created by
the sea and stores it for the use of the built-in CCTV
Camera.
The scope of this study includes the design and
development of a prototype that will generate electricity
using sea waves. This study also presents ways how
natural resources can be used to generate power that
can supply a useful system that can help monitor events
in the area where it is designated and also for lighting
purposes. The CCTV is expected to operate based on
the specifications that the battery has.
This research was limited to the identification of the
process involved in designing and developing the setup
of Sea wave Generator and the testing of the system.
34 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH
This device needs enough waves to generate electricity;
thus, the sea waves are expected to be unpredictable
and unstable. The power that can be produced was
limited only for the use of CCTV and the Wi-Fi. The
overall power consumption was also limited only to 100
W-hr.
This study can be lead for future researchers, especially
those electrical engineering students. This study
may give them insights in the principle of generators
and energy conversion and transfer which may be a
significant help in the practice of their profession.
METHODOLOGY
In this study, the proponents presented the reliability
of the project based on how it was produced. This
study used the Waterfall Methodology in creating this
design project. In this methodology, the researchers
considered every phase of the study one by one. Every
phase was considered vital, thus completing and testing
each phase before jumping to another phase. This
method also helped them checked the development
of all the tools they used in creating the project itself.
Through this method, the proponents were able to easily
troubleshoot and take actions when problems occurred.
This methodology allowed the researchers to see the
progress in this study in every phase of its development.
Project Description
The proposed project, which is the Sea Wave Electrical
Energy Converting System with Built-in CCTV, was
designed to be an eco-friendly alternative source of
power. This study details the design and optimization of
a float used as a contact to the ocean waves to collect
renewable energy. The proposed float was designed as
a point absorber—a device that transforms the kinetic
energy of the vertical motion of surface waves into
electrical energy. The focus of the research was the
mechanical system used to collect the energy, and the
methods to improve it for eventual use in an actual wave
energy harvester. A flywheel energy storage system was
utilized in order to provide an improved power output
from the system, even with the intermittent input of force
exerted by ocean waves. Results indicate that the power
output by the system can be substantially improved
through the use of a flywheel energy storage control
scheme that engages and disengages the electrical load
based on the rotational velocity of the flywheel system.
Design Procedure
The design procedure shows the step-by-step outline
in preparing the design project consisting of the
succeeding stages: requirement stage, design stage,
implementation stage, verification stage and lastly,
maintenance stage.
Figure 2.1
Design
Procedure
(Waterfall
Method)
Requirements Sources of Information
Designing and developing a Sea Wave Electrical Energy
This section discusses the development of the free
Converting System with Built-in CCTV required skills and
energy coming from the sea waves. Upon realization and
techniques. It takes a lot of time and effort in building
analysis of the design problem, the proponents started
the system. The internet and other related studies were
to gather information from all possible resources that
very helpful in terms of information regarding the study.
would help in the project development. The foundation
Opinions and suggestions regarding the study were fully
was made through conceptualization of the gathered
acknowledged by the proponents.
data and series of researches until the specific design
was formulated.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Design
In this stage, the researchers finalized the design of Determining the Components
the CCTV coastline monitoring and light powered by Needed for the System
sea waves considering site location, sea waves, weight,
size, affordability, and ease of usage. The specified Block Diagram
factors were pondered to accomplish the desired
output. The components were selected based on the
mentioned factors, and the ratings required for each
part of the prototype. There were many considerations
in the design of the project. Thus, the architecture
and hardware design were only confirmed upon
implementation. Exact location setup was hard to attain
in this project and for this purpose, the proponent
applied the trial and error method for better and more
effective result.

Implementation
After formulating the design plan, the development
of the proposed design was done. The design and
Figure 3.1
development of a CCTV Coastline Monitoring System Block Diagram of the System
Powered by Sea Waves, was done by considering the
condition and characteristics of the sea waves. The block diagram above shows how the project works.
Furthermore, the advantage of developing the First, the sea wave which is the source of the project
product design was also considered. The prototype makes the system works. The float connected with the
was developed based on the concept of constructing lever arm causes the contact on the waves to go up and
a design of the CCTV coastline monitoring system down. The float triggers the flywheel and sprocket to
powered by sea waves which contains an electricity rotate. As the flywheel and sprocket continue to rotate,
generator, a specialized geared flywheel, a speed the generator also rotates and produces voltage which is
converter, a battery, a pivot, steel bars, and a float. then stored on the capacitor circuit. The voltage is then
transferred on the battery. The voltage on the battery
Verification is converted through the use of a power inverter. Lastly,
Testing the prototype is made to determine if a device the CCTV and Pocket Wi-Fi are connected to the power
is properly functioning. But before the testing, the inverter for the system to work.
proponents of the study first observed the behavior and
characteristics of the wave where the prototype would Schematic and Wiring Diagram
be install. Testing the functionality, effectiveness, and
durability of the system was performed. The system
passed through series of tests for functionality. The
system was tested in different time of the day to test its
effectiveness. With these trials, the proponents of the
study were able to verify the efficiency of the system.
When the series of test failed, design phase was again
reviewed.

Maintenance
Sea Wave Electrical Energy Converting System with
Built-in CCTV includes the maintenance and preservation
of the system. Because it is an innovation problem may
occur sooner or later. Since the system has a monitoring
device, it is easier to monitor the state of the system. If
any problem occurs, users have to check on it right away
Figure 3.2
to avoid further damage. Schematic Diagram of the Electrical Energy Converter

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 35

 TECHNICAL

Project Structure c.3. System Hardware

c.1. Cad Design

Figure 3.3
Cad Design of the Electrical Energy Converter
Figure 3.7
Float
The figure above is a float. It is the main contact on
the sea water in order to move up and down due to
the motion of the intensity of the sea waves. It contains
Styrofoam inside in order for it to float because
Styrofoam floats on the water because it is too light.

Figure 3.4
Cad Design of the Electrical Energy Converter
Figure 3.8
Lever Arm Connected with the Float
c.2PCB Layout
This lever arm connected with the float serves as the
supporting system on the float and also it is the contact
with the flywheel system with the use of a chain. This
also goes up and down as the float moves.

Figure 3.5
Electrical Energy Converter PCB Layout – Top View

Figure 3.9
Voltage Regulator/Rectifier for One (1) AC Generator

This voltage regulator circuit is for only one (1) AC

Generator. This circuit functions as a collector of
the voltage produced by the AC Generator. It also
converted into DC for the storage on the battery.

Figure 3.8
Lever Arm
Connected with the
Float

Electrical Energy Converter PCB Layout – Top View

36 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH

This voltage regulator circuit is for two (2) AC Generator
connected in parallel. This circuit functions as a collector Figure 3.14
1000-W Power Inverter
of the voltage produced by the AC Generator. It is
converted into DC for the storage on the battery.

A 1000Watts power inverter was used in this prototype.

This inverter converts the DC Current into AC Current
for the purpose of supplying the load since the load
consumes AC Voltage.

Figure 3.15
YI Wireless CCTV
Camera

YI Wireless CCTV Camera serves as the load in this

prototype. It consumes AC Voltage and monitors the
Figure 3.11 events that happened from time to time and stores its
AC Generator
recording on a memory card installed on it.
This AC Generator used in the system produced more
than 50V AC each. It was installed or placed on the side
of the flywheel in order for it to also rotate. Three (3) AC
Generators were used on the system for it to produce
enough voltage needed to charge the battery.

Figure 3.16
Chain connecting the lever arm with a spring
This chain with spring serves as the connector of the
lever arm with float to the flywheel system, as the float
goes up and down; this chain moves the flywheel system
and tends to rotate.
Figure 3.12
Sprocket
Sprocket was used as one of the rotating parts of the
flywheel system. This sprocket rotates if and only the
float moves up and down due to the intensity of the sea
waves. As this continues on rotating, it also makes the
flywheel rotates.

Figure 3.13
12-Volts Battery

This 12Volts battery serves as the storage for the voltage
generated by the system. The voltage stored in this
battery is used by the built-in CCTV Camera for the
monitoring purposes.
Figure 3.17
Flywheel System
The flywheel system is the point of contact of the three
(3) generators used on the system. As it rotates due to
the motion of the waves, it makes the AC Generator to
rotate also and produce voltage.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 37

 TECHNICAL

The two tests above show the voltage generated by

the system with the battery and load not connected.
The test was conducted as the voltage reading every
hour was measured across the voltage regulator circuit.
The height of the sea waves was measured from the sea
Figure 3.18
bed up to the uppermost part of the water. The voltage
Chain produced on Trial 1 is much greater than the one
produced in Trial 2, but looking at the height of the sea
water on both trials, it seemed that their heights were
not that far from each other. But it doesn’t mean that
the greater the height of the sea water, the higher the
voltage that will be produced. The researchers found out
that it was the intensity of the current of the sea waves
that greatly affected the voltage produced in the two
trials done. Based on Table 1 and Table 2, as the time
This chain serves as the connector of the lever arm with passed by, the height of the sea water increases while
float together with a spring to the flywheel system, as the voltage generated by the voltage regulator circuit
the float goes up and down, this chain moves flywheel also increases.
system and tends to rotate. Table 2
3.2 Identification of the Steps and Voltage Stored by the System in the Battery
Procedures of Converting Sea Wave into an without Load
Electrical Energy with Built-in CCTV
The researchers of the study systematically identified
how the sea waves are converted into electrical energy.
The motion of the sea waves produces kinetic energy.
A float which is in contact with the surface of the sea is
then connected to the chain which in every movement
of the float will cause the sprocket to rotate to power up
the generator. The power produced by the generator
is converted by the use of a voltage regulator circuit
and the voltage produced is stored in the battery and
converted by the power inverter to supply the loads.
Since the sea waves are very unpredictable and unstable
every time, and the load, CCTV and Wi-Fi need to be Table 3
running 24/7 since they are part of a monitoring system, Voltage Stored by the System in the Battery with Load
it is necessary that the power source is always available.
It is the reason why a battery is used in the system.
3.3 Testing the Sea Waves Powered Coast
Monitor
Table 1
Voltage Generated by the System per Hour

Table 2 and Table 3 show the results of the voltage

stored in the battery when the load is not connected
and when connected to the system respectively. The
researchers found out that the charging rate in Table
2 was higher than that in Table 3 because in Table 2,
the load was not connected. Therefore the load does
not consume voltage as it continues on charging. The
average charging in Table 2 was 0.1708 V/hr while at
Table 3 it was 0.0208 V/hr.

The height of the sea water is measured from the sea

bed up to the uppermost part of the water. The test
was conducted as the voltage stored in the battery is
measured every two hours. Under the charging rate, the
voltage stored on the battery by the system is calculated

38 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH

by dividing the incremented voltage by two (2) hours.
From the initial voltage of 10.25V on Table 2 and 12.30V
on Table 3, the proponents had that as the initial voltage
basis of the test of charging rate and based on the table
shown, the charging rate of the system is most effective
from 12:00 to 2:00 pm. It is when the highest charging
rate is achieved.
Table 4
Voltage Consumed by the Load and its Discharging Rate
The two previous tests show the results when the load
was connected to the system and its discharging rate.
Trial 1 and Trial 2 show the voltage discharged by the
battery when the load was connected. It is shown that
there was a slight decrement in the voltage stored in the
battery due to the load connected to it. The researchers
found out that the average discharging rate for Trial 1
was 0.5583V/hr while the average discharging rate for
Trial 2 was 0.02167V/hr.
CONCLUSIONS AND DIRECTION
FOR USE
After conducting the study, the proponents were able to
1. draw the following conclusions:
The system is composed of: a lever arm with a float
which is in direct contact with the sea waves, a
sprocket, an AC generator, voltage regulator/rectifier,
12-V Battery, 1000-W Power Inverter which is used to
convert DC to AC, a pocket Wi-Fi which is used as a
source of internet connection, and a CCTV Camera as
the monitoring device.
2. The process of converting sea wave into electrical
energy includes the following: good sea waves are
needed in order for the float to move up and down;
the float is connected with a lever arm that is also
connected to the sprocket with the use of a chain.
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 39
The movement of the float causes the rotational
velocity of the flywheel system resulting also to the
rotation of the AC Generator connected to the side
of the flywheel system. As the generator continues on
rotating, it produces voltage that is then stored in the
voltage regulator circuit. The voltage collected is then
stored in the 12V battery for the use of the built-in
CCTV Camera.
3. The proponents concluded that the system is best
installed in places with high intensity or high current
of sea waves because even though the height of the
sea water is high, and the intensity of the sea waves is
low, they are not yet enough to produce high voltage
based on the results of the trials made, therefore
the effectiveness of the system in supplying the
load depends on the factors stated. The discharging
rate of the system based on the trials made varies
from time to time, because the intensity of the sea
waves is often high in the afternoon. The intensity
of sea waves is directly proportional with the voltage
generated by the system.
There are several factors that confine the capability
of the proponents in conducting the research study
and improving the quality of the system, such as time
and financial aspects. Because of this, the researchers
recommend the following:
1. Weather proof casing for the Voltage Regulator
Circuit and AC Generators may be installed.
2. Higher Ampere-Hour (AH) rating for the battery for
longer discharging time may be done.
3. Greater Camera Resolution for better view may be
done.
4. Secured case and better ventilation for the Power
Inverter, Pocket Wi-Fi and CCTV Camera may
be added.
5. Enhance the base of the prototype so it will be
more stable and flexible when greater sea
waves occur.
REFERENCES
Awanou C. N., Houékpohéha M. A., Hounguèvou J. V., Hounsou J. T.,
Kounouhéwa B. B., and Tokpohozin B. N., (2015). Variations of Wave
Energy Power in Shoaling Zone of Benin Coastal Zone Int. Journal of
Renewable Energy Development, 4(1), 64-71.
B. Drew, A.R. Plummer, and M.N. Sahinkaya, (2009). A Review of Wave
Energy Converter Technology Proc. IMechE Vol. 223 Part A: J. Power
and Energy Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Bath, Bath, UK
Network, R.E.N (2014), “Renewables 2014: Global Status Report”,
Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21)
Circuit<http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/circuit
Closed-Circuit Television<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-
circuit_television
Yi Camera<http://www.techfunology.com/electronics/digital-
cameras/ip-cameras/xiaomi-xiaoyi-smart-ip-camera-2-1080p-review/
Electricity <http://www.electronicsandyou.com/blog/how-to-
generate-electricity-how-is-electricity-generated.html
Energy <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03605442
Power <http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/elepow.
html
Renewable Energy<http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/index/
tech.html
Sea Wave Energy <http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/
WaveEnergy.p
 HEALTH

Words : Maria Josenia R. Bautro Graphics : Aron D. Ricafrente

Stroke is a serious life-threatening medical condition. It maybe caused by a blocked artery or the leaking or bursting of a
blood vessel. It may also be a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain that doesn’t cause permanent damage.

Stroke is a medical emergency and urgent treatment is essential. The sooner a person receives treatment for a stroke, the
less damage is likely to happen.
CAUSES
RISK FACTORS Like all organs, the brain needs the oxygen and nutrients provided
• Personal or family history of stroke, heart attack and transient by blood to function properly. If the supply of blood is restricted or
ischemic attack stopped, brain cells begin to die. This can lead to brain injury, disability
• Blood pressure readings higher than 120/80 and possibly death.
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes ISCHEMIC STROKE
• Obstructive sleep apnea A stroke caused by a blocked artery is called ischemic stroke. It occurs
• Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, heart defects, when the arteries to the brain become narrowed or blocked, causing severely
heart infection or abnormal heart rhythm reduced blood flow. The most common ischemic strokes include:
• Thrombotic stroke – occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in
Lifestyle Risk Factors one of the arteries that supply blood to your brain. A clot may be caused by
• Being overweight or obese fatty deposits (plaque) that build up in arteries and cause reduced blood flow
• Physical inactivity (atherosclerosis) or other artery conditions.
• Heavy or binge drinking • Embolic stroke – occurs when a blood clot or other debris forms away
• Use of illicit drugs such as cocaine from the brain – usually in the heart, and is swept through the bloodstream
or methamphetamines to lodge in narrower arteries. The type of blood clot is called embolus.
Other Higher HEMOR R HA GIC STR OKE
Risk Factors
Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks
• Age – 55 or older or ruptures. Brain hemorrhages can result from many conditions
• Race – African-Americans have that affect blood vessels, which include the following:
a higher risk of stroke
• Sex – Men have higher risk • Hypertension or uncontrolled high blood pressure
of stroke than women. • Blood thinning resulting from overtreatment with anticoagulants
• Hormones – use of birth • Aneurysm due to weak spots on blood vessel walls
control pills or hormone A less common cause of hemorrhage is the rapture of an abnormal
therapies that include tangle of thin-walled blood vessels (arteriovenous malformation).
estrogen, as well The types of hemorrhagic stroke includes:
as increased •Intracerebral hemorrhage occurs when a blood vessel in the brain
estrogen levels bursts and spills into the surrounding brain tissue, damaging the
from pregnancy and brain cells. Brain cells beyond the leak are deprived of blood and
childbirth. are also damaged.
High blood pressure, trauma, vascular malformations, use of blood-thinning medications
and other conditions may cause an intracerebral hemorrhage.
•Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs when an artery on or near the surface of the
brain burst and spills into the space between the surface of the brain and the skull.
This bleeding is often signaled by a sudden, severe headache.
A subarachnoid hemorrhage is commonly caused by the bursting of a small sack-shaped
or berry-shaped aneurysm. After the hemorrhage, the blood vessels in the brain may
widen and narrow erratically (vasospasm), causing brain cell damage by further limiting
the blood flow.

TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK (TIA)

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) sometimes known as ministroke, is a temporary period of
symptoms similar to those in a stroke. A temporary decrease in blood supply to part of
the brain causes TIAs, which may last for as little as five minutes.
Like an ischemic stroke, a TIA occurs when a clot or debris block blood flow to part of the
nervous system but there is no permanent tissue damage and no lasting symptoms. However,
having a TIA puts a greater risk of having a full-blown stroke, causing permanent damage later.

References:
Barrett, Kevin M., Meschia, James F., (2013), Stroke, Chester: Wiley, Second Edition
Hennerici, Michael; Bogousslavsky, Julien; Sacco, Ralph L.; (2005), Stroke, London: Elsevie
Hennerici, Michael; Binder, Johannes; Szabo, Kristina; (2012), Stroke, Oxford: OUP Oxford
Harwood, Rowan; Huwez, Farhad; Good, Dawn; (2005), Oxford Handbook of Stroke Care:
Lindley, Richard Iain; (2017), Stroke, Oxford, United Kingdom; New York, NY: Oxford Unive
Mayo Clinic, (2019), Facts About Stroke, mayoclinic.org
 SYMPTOMS
FACE – the face may have dropped on one
side, the person may not be able to smile or
the mouth or eye may have dropped.
ARMS – the person with suspected stroke
may not be able to lift both arms and
keep them there because of weakness or
numbness in one arm.
SPEECH – the speech maybe blurred or
garbled, or the person may not be able to
talk at all despite appearing to be awake;
they may also have problems understanding
what the other person is saying.
TIME – if any of these signs are seen
or observed it is time to seek immediate
medical treatment.
The length of time the signs and symptoms are present can affect treatment
options.
Watch for the signs and symptoms if you think that someone may be having
a stroke. Pay attention when the signs and symptoms begin.
• Trouble with speaking and understanding. Confusion may be experienced and
difficulty in understanding speech and slur with words.
• Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg. Sudden numbness, weakness
or paralysis in the face, arm or leg may develop on one side of the body.
• Trouble with seeing in one or both eyes. Blurred or blackened vision in one
or both eyes may develop or one may see double.
• Headache. A sudden, severe headache, which may be accompanied by
vomiting, dizziness or altered consciousness may indicate that a person is
having a stroke.
• Trouble with walking. Sudden dizziness, loss of balance or loss of
coordination or stumbling may be experienced.
COMPLICATIONS
Depending on how long the brain lacks blood and which part was affected,
a stroke can sometimes cause temporary or permanent disabilities and
complications may include:
• Paralysis or loss of muscle movement. Paralysis on
one side of the body or loss of control of certain
muscles such as those on one side of the face or
one arm.
• Difficulty talking or swallowing. A stroke might
affect the control of the muscles in the mouth or
throat making it difficult to talk clearly (dysarthria),
swallow (dysphagia) or eat. Difficulty with language
(aphasia), including speaking or understanding
speech, reading or writing may also be experienced.
• Memory loss or thinking difficulties. People who
have had strokes experience some memory loss
and may have difficulty thinking, making judgments,
reasoning and understanding concepts.
• Emotional problems. People who have had strokes
may have more difficulty controlling emotions or
may develop depression.
• Pain. Pain, numbness or other strange sensations may occur in the parts
of the body affected by stroke. People may also be sensitive to temperature
changes, especially extreme cold and this complication is known as central
stroke pain or central pain syndrome.
• Changes in behavior and self-care ability. People who have had strokes may
become more withdrawn and less social or more impulsive and may need help
with grooming and daily help.
er Churchill Livingstone
A Practical Manual, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press
ersity Press
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 41
PREVENTION
Stroke prevention strategies involve knowing the risk factors, adopting a
healthy lifestyle and following the doctor’s recommendation. In general,
healthy lifestyle recommendations include:
• Controlling high blood pressure. This is one of the most important things to
do to reduce stroke risk. Exercise, stress management, maintaining a healthy
weight and limiting the amount of intake of salt and alcohol can help to keep
high blood pressure in check.
• Lowering the amount of cholesterol and saturated fat. Eating less
cholesterol and fat (saturated fat and trans fat) may reduce the plaque in the
arteries.
• Quitting tobacco use. Smoking raises the risk of stroke for smokers and
nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke. Quitting tobacco use reduces the
risk of stroke.
• Controlling diabetes. Diabetes can be managed with diet, exercise, weight
control and medication.
• Maintaining a healthy weight. Being overweight contributes to other stroke
risk factors such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
• Eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. A diet containing daily servings of
fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of stroke.
• Exercising regularly. Aerobic or “cardio” exercises reduce the risk of
stroke. Exercise can lower blood pressure, increase the level of high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol, and improve the overall health of blood vessels and
heart. It also helps lose weight, control diabetes and reduce stress.
• Drinking alcohol in moderation. Heavy alcohol consumption increases the
risk of high blood pressure, ischemic strokes and hemorrhagic stroke. However,
drinking small to moderate amounts of alcohol, such as one drink a day, may
help prevent ischemic stroke and decrease blood’s clotting tendency.
• Treating obstructive sleep apnea. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep
disorder in which the oxygen level intermittently drops during the night and
treatment includes oxygen at night or wearing a small device in the mouth to
help improve breathing.
• Avoiding illegal drugs. Certain street drugs such as cocaine and
methamphetamine are established risk factors for TIA or a stroke. Cocaine
reduces blood flow and can narrow the arteries.
TREATMENT
Treatment depends on the type of stroke, which part of the brain
was affected and what caused it.
Strokes are usually treated with medication which includes medicines
to prevent and dissolve blood clots, reduce blood pressure and reduce
cholesterol levels. In some cases, procedures may be required to remove the
clots.
Surgery may also be required to treat brain swelling and reduce the risk of
further bleeding in cases of hemorrhagic strokes.
RECOVERY
Although some people may recovery quite quickly, many people who survive
a stroke are often left with long-term problems caused by the injury in the
brain.
Some people need long period of rehabilitation before recovery from former
independence, while many never fully recover and need support adjusting to
living with the effects of stroke.
The process of rehabilitation depends on the symptoms and their severity. A
team of specialists are available to help with rehabilitation. These specialists
include physiotherapists, psychologist, occupational therapist, speech and
language therapists, dietitians, and special nurses and doctors. Rehabilitation
services help the person recovering from a stroke to learn and re-learn the
skills necessary for independent daily living at home. While some people will
be dependent on some form of care to aid them in their daily activities.
 TECHNICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF PORTABLE LAMP POWERED
BY MATURED COCONUT WATER
ESPERAS, NOLI JR., M. | VELA, LEO AGUSTIN P.
Electrical Engineering Department
College of Engineering, Camarines Norte State
College
ABSTRACT
The objective of the study is to develop a portable lamp
powered by matured coconut water as an alternative
lighting source at coconut farms. It also sought to
develop renewable energy source that helped the off-
grid communities to have accessible and reliable source
of electricity. It determined the performance of the
matured coconut water as the source of electricity.
The lamp is designed portable and hand-carried
consisting of three layers of base, lamp holder for 3
watts LED bulb and frame as supported. The device
has an overall dimension of 15.30 cm by 11.20 cm by
25.10 cm. Each layer of base contains cells, six at the
bottom layer and five cells for remaining two layers. It is
designed to be light in weight, made up of plastic and
aluminum braces for ease of carrying.
The results showed that the lamp needs a quantity of
1440 mL of matured coconut water to operate effectively
and could last for 17 hours of continuous work. Lastly,
it has a capacity of 9.6064Ah and an output voltage of
5.39 V respectively
KEYWORDS: portable lamp, coconut water, renewable
energy.
INTRODUCTION
Light is one of the basic needs of a community.
However, according to Sen. Sherwin Gatchalian, 2.4
million households are still out of electricity. Hence, the
government is trying to fill this shortage by applying
modern technologies. Currently, there is still a gap in
connecting every community to the power grid and
delivering electricity and serving every household with
electricity. A sustainable and reliable source of energy
without possible hazardous effects is needed by the
community to provide them a lighting system specifically
during the night.
Electrochemistry nowadays is really the key to a
reliable energy source as stated by John A. Turner of
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (ECS, 2016).
Electrochemistry is a branch of physical chemistry
focused on the relationship between chemical reaction
and electricity. Generation of electricity through
chemical reaction is a fascination to give answers to
the demand of electrification primarily to remote areas.
Electrochemistry has a major part in our daily lives from
electronic gadgets to transportation; it is all around us,
and the best example of this are batteries. A battery
is a container consisting of galvanic cells in series that
transforms chemical energy into electrical energy
42 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH
through chemical reactions. Basically, the components
of a battery are electrodes and electrolytes giving it
a complete path that would allow the flow of electric
charge and generate electrical power. Electrolyte, a
major part of a battery is an aqueous solution which
has the property to conduct electricity because of the
ions it contains. Electrolytes can be classified into three
groups: acids, bases, and salts; even fruits contain this
solution and has vital benefits for the body. One of the
fruits that is rich with electrolytes is coconut. Through
electrochemistry, the generation of power became
portable.
This research study’s purpose is to develop a portable
lamp that will be powered by matured coconut water
using the concept of electrochemistry that will serve
as source of light for the off-grid communities such
as coconut farms the source being sustainable and
accessible to the said areas.
Background of the study
The coconut fruit is a tropical tree commonly found at
Philippines. The Bicol Region and the Southern Tagalog
Region has the second greatest coconut hectarage and
number of bearing trees, and Camarines Norte ranks
as top 13 and is highly suitable for coconut production.
For decades, the coconut product is the major export
from the Philippines. Despite of this statistic, coconut
farmers were considered the poorest in the agriculture
sector. Coconut farms far from the urban areas, usually
don’t have access to the distribution utility of electricity.
Coconut farmers and their family rely on petroleum
gas as means of fuel for light during the night which
somehow cause health related issues to the family
because of the smoke produce in burning the fuel. It
seems unfair for those coconut farmers contributing
much for the economy through products for export;
but left unfortunate and have added daily necessity,
being the cost of petroleum to fuel their light for the
night. That is why the researchers arrived with the
idea of helping those coconut farmers by developing
a portable lamp that they may be carried anywhere
and has a reliable source of power that is accessible to
the community. Coconut water is well-known as rich in
electrolytes which is essential to humans and can also
be a source of electricity. According to DA Secretary
Proseso Alcala, 85% of this coconut water is being
discarded in the coconut industry. However, this liquid
considered as waste by many can actually be used to
generate light.
Electrolyte is a solution capable of carrying electricity,
usually found in batteries. When this electrolyte is
inserted with electrode and have complete path it can
generate electrical energy and this reaction is called copper, manganese, aluminum and boron. These
redox reaction where the losing and METHODOLOGY
gaining of electrons inorganic ions or electrolytes are substances that allow
occurs. This system is called galvanic cell, which means the flow of electron form positive to negative ions.
through chemical reaction it produceProject Design
electrical energy. From the article of Jeff Blessing entitled Wet Cell
To help the coconut farmer communities, the researchers Battery Lights a Lamp, he explained that chemistry and
sought to developed portable lamp powered by lamp is
The portable electromagnetic
consists of threeworks
main together in one (1)
parts namely: circuit.
theIts major
base or containe
matured coconut water. components are anode, cathode, and electrolytes. The
electrodes and electrolytes
electrolyte has the ability to strips off the anode and bulb and s
was stored, (2) the bulb holder which where the
Statement of the problem and (3) the brace or frame whichon
deposits support the portable
the anode to make lamp
them and
more attached
positivewith handle fo
and negative, correspondingly. Another experiment
Generally, the study aimed to develop a portable conducted by Thomas Ramos Woolridge Company, they
lamp that will be powered by matured coconut water claimed that coconut juice can provide electricity. It is
as electrolyte to the battery. Specifically, it sought to chemically converted by means of bacteria to formic
answer the following: acid to extract electricity. The generated electricity from
this ordinary juice would be useful in emergencies and
1. What is the difference in voltage output between likewise to equip small electric power needs in certain
young and matured coconut water? remote areas.

2. What is the voltage output of stored matured coconut METHODOLOGY

water after:
a. 1 day Project Design
b. 3 days
c. 7 days The portable lamp consists of three main parts namely:
3. What amount of coconut water is needed to power (1) the base or container where the electrodes and
the portable lamp in mL that would last for at least four electrolytes was stored, (2) the bulb holder where the
hours? bulb and switch are placed and (3) the brace or frame
which supports the portable lamp and attached with
4. What is the discharging rate of the portable lamp handle for carrying.
METHODOLOGY

Project Design
powered by matured coconut water?
Figure
The portable1.lamp
Conceptual
is consists of three main parts namely: (1) the base or container where the

5. What is the duration replacement of the electrodes? Design

electrodes and electrolytes was stored, (2) the bulb holder which where the bulb and switch placed
and (3) the brace or frame which support the portable lamp and attached with handle for carrying.

Scope and Limitation

This research developed a portable lamp powered by
matured coconut water that could last for at least four
hours. It also aimed to determine the parameters for the
design of the portable lamp and the actual performance
of the lamp. The research was held at Camarines
Norte last April to August of 2016. The researchers
also focused on determining the amount of matured
coconut water needed and how long the electrolyte Figure 1. Conceptual Design
and electrode will be effective to use. The researchers
used three-watts LED for the experiment and specified
container.

However, the researchers did not include comprehensive

analysis of the chemical composition of electrolyte in
coconut water, the chemical reaction that took place Figure 1. Conceptual Design

during the operation, and also not included is the effect

of reaction to the container.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Cocos nucifera or commonly known as coconut is fondly
called the “tree of life” because of the various uses and
products that can be derived from its every parts, from
the roots up to its fruits. It is a tropical tree typically
found at tropical areas such as Philippines. The coconut
fruit is considered matured when the coconut meat
grows and replaces the water by cells storing lipids; it
reaches full maturity at 12 months where about the water
weighs 25% of the total weight of the nut. Figure 2. Top View
Matured coconut water is composed of cytokinins, 4
inorganic ions, and others essential substances. As
conducted by Yong, et. al., they summarized the
composition of mature coconut water and showed
that the inorganic ions presents are calcium, iron, Figure 2. Top View
magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc, Figure 2. Top View

4
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 43
 TECHNICAL
ure 3. Front ViewFigure 3. Front View
Figure 3. Front View
ure 3. Front View
Figure 3. Front View
Figure 5. Left Side View
Figure 5. Left Side View
Figure 5. Left Side View
The Base or Container
The base or container is the storage room for the
5 5
Container electrolyte and electrodes.
Figure 5. Left
withSide View corners, each has six
smooth
Figure 5. Left Side View
container isatthe
the bottom
storage roomlayer carried
for the
electrolyte
mooth cornertopeach has has
layer six compartments
five cells andwhere
pathat the
d top layer has five cells and path for the wires connection.
5
Figure 7. Base Dimension
44 | VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 IIEE.ORG.PH
Figure 7. Base Dimension
Figure 8. Electrode
The Bulb Holder
The bulb holder is the container for the LED lamp and the electrical connection. It was situated
above the base. The circuit is consist of the active element which is the coconut water, and passive
elements which are the conducting wire, a switch and the load of LED lamp
Figure 8. Electrode
Figure 8. Electrode
Figure 9. Copper and
Figure 9. Copper and Aluminum Dimension
Aluminum Dimension
6
The Bulb Holder
The bulb holder is the container for the LED lamp and
Figure 4. Back The
View theView
Figure 4. Back electrical connection. It is situated above the base.
Bulb Holder
The circuit consists of the active element which is the
The bulb holder is the container for the LED lamp and the electrical connection. It was situated
coconut water, and passive elements which are the Figure 10. Bulb Holder Dimension
above the base. The circuit is consist of the active element which is the coconut water, and passive
conducting wire, a switch, and the load of LED lamp.
elements which are the conducting wire, a switch and the load of LED lamp
Figure 4. Back View
Figure 4. Back View Figure 4. Back View
Figure 9. Copper and Aluminum Dimension
Figure 10.Holder
Figure 10. Bulb Bulb Holder
Dimension
Dimension
Figure 11. Frame o Brace
Figure 11. Frame o Brace and the Handle
and the Handle
7
Figure 6. Right Side View
Figure 6. Right Side View
Figure 6. Right Side View
It is in a rectangular shape
Figure 6. Right Side View
compartments where Figure 11. Frame o Brace and the Handle
Figure 6. Right Side View
six cells
and for middle
and electrodes. It is in a and
rectangular
forbottom layerconnections.
the wire carried six cells and 7
5
Figure
7. Base
Dimension RESULTS AND
Figure 12. ActualDISCUSSION
Design of Portable Lamp
Difference of Voltage Output between Young
and Matured Coconut Water
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The researchers
Difference of Voltage used
Output between theand
Young same amount
Matured of young
Coconut Water and
mature coconut water which was 540Ml equivalent to
The researchers sixused
cellsa and
samemade
amountthree trialsand
of young to each
matureset of cells.
coconut Forwhich was 540M
water
equivalent to six cells and do three trials to each set of cells. For young coconut water the me
voltage output is 2.08 volts, on the other hand for matured coconut water the mean voltage outp
is 1.96 volts. In graphical representation shows that the matured has better potential to use
electrolyte because the output slightly increasing as the electrode dipped as electrolytes longer.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Difference of Voltage Output between Young and Matured Coconut Water

The researchers
the young used a same
coconut water amount
the meanofvoltage
youngoutput
and mature coconut
Amount water which was
of Matured 540Ml Water Needed to
Coconut
is 2.08
equivalent to volts, andand
six cells on do
thethree
other trials
hand,to foreach set of cells. For Last
the matured young for Four
coconut Hours.
water the mean
Figure 14. Voltage Ouput vs Number of Days Stored
coconut water the mean voltage output is 1.96 volts.
voltage output
ortable Lamp is 2.08 volts, on the other hand for
The graphical representation shows that the matured matured coconut water the mean voltage output
This discusses the amount of matured coconut water
is 1.96 coconut
volts. Inwater
graphical representation
has better potential toshows
be usedthatasthe maturedneeded
has better potential
to power portableto uselamp as four hours. The
Amount of Matured Coconut Water Needed to Last forfor
Four Hours.
electrolyte becausebecause
electrolyte the output
the slightly increasing
output is as the electrode
slightly increasing as dipped as electrolytes longer.
amount researchers used are 540mL, 990mL and
the electrode dipped in the electrolytes longer. This discusses the amount of matured coconut water needed to power portable lamp for four hours.
The1440mL whichused
amount researchers equivalent for six
are 540mL, 990mL and cells,
1440mL eleven cells,forand
which equivalent six cells, eleven
sixteen
cells cells
and sixteen cells respectively. The
respectively. The cells cells
were werein connected
connected in possible
series to have highest
voltage
seriesoutput.
to have highest possible voltage output.
ed Coconut Water
Table 1. Time of Discharginf of Matured Coconut Water
mature coconut water which was 540Ml Table 1. Time of Discharginf of Matured Coconut Water
cells. For young coconut water the mean
ed coconut water the mean voltage output
e matured has better potential to use as
ectrode dipped as electrolytes longer.

Figure 12. Actual Design of Portable Lamp

9
Figure 13. Voltage Output of Young and Matured Coconut Water
The 540mL, 990mL and 1440mL of matured coconut
water is capable to light the three watts LED lamp. Also
8 shows that 990mL and 1440mL can power the lamp
Figure 13. Voltage Output of Young and Matured
for more than four hours by comparing the reliability
Coconut Water light output, 1440mL was the most reliable to use for
Comparison of Voltage Output in Terms of continuous usage of four hours.
Number of Days Stored
Discharging Rate of Portable Lamp Powered by
Comparison of Voltage Output in Terms of Number of Days Stored
This discussed the comparisons of voltage output of Matured Coconut Water
matured coconut water in terms of number of days
This discussed
Maturedmatured
Coconut thewas
Water water
coconut comparisons
stored. When ofthe
voltage
sampleoutput This
of matured
discusses coconut water rate
the discharging in terms of number
of portable lamp of
wasdays
stored at different amount of matured
matured coconut water stored. When the sample stored longer the appearance of the liquid
longer, the appearance of the liquid became coconut water namely:
cloudier and form white particle in the surface. The 540mL, 990mL and 1440mL. Table below shows the
becameused
researchers cloudier
540mLand form white
of coconut particle intothe result
water equivalent surface. The
of the researchers
discharging used
rate of 540mLItofshows
the device. coconut
that
water
six cells equivalent
and done threeto six to
trials cells and
each setdone three trials to each set of sample.
of sample. as the amount of matured coconut water increases the
Storing the matured coconut water for one day the mean discharging rate decreases. It also shows that as the
voltage output
Storing thegenerated
matured iscoconut
2.71 volts. For three
water day theamount
days,
for one of coconut water increases the capacity of the
meanalso
battery voltage output generated is 2.71 volts. For
increases.
the mean voltage output is 2.33 volts, and lastly for
three
seven daysdays, the mean
the output is 1.78voltage
volts. output is 2.33 volts and lastly for seven days the output is 1.78 volts.

Figure 14.
Voltage
Ouput vs
Number
of Days
Stored

Figure 14. Voltage Ouput vs Number of Days Stored

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 45
The 540mL, 990mL and 1440mL of matured coconut water is capable to light the three watts LED
Discharging Rate ofthat
lamp. Also shows Portable
990mL LampandPowered
1440mLbycan
Matured
powerCoconut
the lampWater
for more than four hours bu
comparing the reliability light output, 1440mL was the most reliable to use for continuous usage of
This discusses the discharging rate of portable lamp at different amount of matured coconut water
four hours.
namely: 540mL, 990mL and 1440mL. Table below shows the result of the discharging rate of the
device.
Discharging TECHNICAL
It shows that
Rate of as theLamp
Portable amount of matured
Powered coconut
by Matured water
Coconut increases the discharging rate
Water
decreases. It also shows that as the amount of coconut water increases the capacity of the battery
This increases.
also discusses the discharging rate of portable lamp at different amount of matured coconut water
namely: 540mL, 990mL and 1440mL. Table below shows the result of the discharging rate of the
Tablethat
device. It shows 2. Discharging
as the amount of Rate of Portable
matured Lampincreases
coconut water at Different young. Second, the voltage output of portable lamp
the discharging rate
Table 2.
decreases. It Discharging Rateas
also shows Amount
that of the
Portable Lamp
amount of at Different
coconut Amount
water of Matured
increases Coconut
the capacity Water
of the battery
of Matured Coconut Water varies with number of days the matured coconut water
also increases.
stored. The voltage output is inversely proportional with
the number of days stored. Thus, freshly cut matured
Table 2. Discharging Rate of Portable Lamp at Different Amount of Matured Coconut Water coconut water is more advisable to use for the portable
lamp. Third, the time of discharging of the portable lamp
is proportional to the amount of matured coconut water.
1440mL of matured coconut water is enough to last the
portable lamp for four hours. Fourth, the discharging
This discusses
This discusses the replacementtheofreplacement
electrodes of how oflongelectrodes and the
the length of efficiency rate of portable lamp is proportional to the amount of
when used. The
electrodes were deteriorating
length of efficiency as it was exposed
when used.to redox
Thereaction, a white residue
electrodes werewere left at the matured coconut water. Lastly, the electrodes of the
electrodes. This test was done to determine how log the electrodes effectively last for the portable portable lamp can be used more than one month and
deteriorating as it was exposed to redox reaction, a
lamp. The experiment conducted for one month and observed the changes of voltage output every
white the
This discusses
day. residue were
replacement left at the
of electrodes electrodes.
of how long the lengthThis test was
of efficiency
longer.
when used. The
done
electrodes wereto determine
deteriorating as it how longtothe
was exposed redoxelectrodes residue were left at Here
effectively
reaction, a white the are the recommendations by the proponent: first,
electrodes.
last This
fortest
thewasportable
done to determine
lamp. how
The logexperiment
the electrodes effectively
was conduct a more comprehensive study in the effects of
last for the portable
Table 3. One
lamp. The experiment conducted oneMonth
monthTesting of Voltage
theOutput
day.
conducted for onefor month andand observed
observed changes of voltage output every
the changes of redox reaction in coconut water. Second, improve the
voltage output every day. design of the portable lamp for conducive use of the
device. Third, integrate electronics on the design to
Table 3. Table
One3.Month Testing
One Month Testing of Voltage
of Voltage Output
Output make the portable lamp more efficient and effective.
Lastly, develop a design for bigger power system that
coconut water can be used.

References
Alexia Prades, et.al. 2012. Cocout Water Uses,
Composition and Properties: A review.

September 2016, from http://www.fruits-journal.org

Amanda Staller. April 22, 2016. Earth Day:
Electrochemistry and the environment.

September 7, 2016, from http://www.electrochem.org/

10
redcat-blog/electrochemistry-andthe-
environment

DA-AFID. February 24, 2015. DA furthers coco water

10
production to boost coconut
industry. September 7, 2016, from http://afmis.da.gov.
ph/index.php/home/1-latestnews/
510-da-furthers-coco-water-production-to-boost-
coconut-industry.pdf

Jeff Blessing. Wet Cell Battery Lights A Lamp. (February

17, 2015). Retrieved February

2016, from http://www.jeffblessing.com/wet-cell-battery-

lights-a-lamp/
Philippines Coconut Authority. A Briefing Guide on the
Subject: Coconut Industry
Production Status, Growing Zones, Productivity and
Potential to Increase Nut Supply in
Coconut Farms through Practical and Efficient Farming
Technologies (peft). September 7,

2016, from http://www.pca.da.gov.ph/coconutrde/

images/gen8.pdf
CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Philippines News Agency. coconut Water Production
Based on the findings of the study, hereby the conclusion made: first, young coconut water has Pushed to Boost Industry.
higher voltage
Basedoutput
on thecompared with matured
findings of the coconut
study,water but following
the matured is better to use because
its electrolytes did not easily decompose unlike the for young. Second, the voltage output of
portableconclusions
lamp varies withwere
numbermade: first,
of days the young
matured coconut
coconut water
water stored. has outputSeptember
The voltage is 7, 2016, from http://www.mindanaotimes.net/
higher
inversely voltage
proportional output
with the number ofcompared withfreshly
days stored. Thus, matured coconut
cut matured coconut water coco-water-production-pushedto-
is
water to
more advisable however,
use for the matured
portable lamp.isThird,
better to use
the time because
of discharging itsportable lamp boost-industry/
of the is
proportional to the amount of matured coconut water. 1440mL of matured coconut water is enough
electrolytes did not easily decompose unlike the for
to last the portable lamp for four hours. Fourth, the discharging rate of portable lamp I proportional
to the amount of matured coconut water. Lastly, the electrodes of the portable lamp can be use
more than one month and longer.

Here are | VOLUME XLVIII

46the recommendations by the 2019 Issue
proponent: No.
first, 1
conduct a more comprehensive study in the IIEE.ORG.PH
effects of redox reaction in coconut water. Second, improve the design of the portable lamp for
conducive used of the device. Third, integrate electronics on the design to make the portable lamp
more efficient and effective. Lastly, develop a design for bigger power system that coconut water
IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLVIII 2019 Issue No. 1 | 47
HDPE SPIRAL FLEXIBLE CONDUIT
FOR UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ISO 9001: 2015 / ISO 14001: 2015 / ISO 45001: 2018

For Underground Distribution System of Power & Auxiliary For residential, buildings For Solar power farm - UV
lines requiring sand-encasement and water compaction only direct-concrete pouring Resistance test in accordance
with ASTM G-155
A C C E S S O R I E S:

Connector Spacer Endbell End Cone End Cap

Adaptor Coupler

Davao City LGU installation by Basa Airbase Batanes Islands Cebu City CBD
Davao Light & Power Corp. installation by SFELAPCO installation by BATANELCO Installation by VECO

U.P. Mindanao Batulao Artscape DOH - Western Visayas Davao Park District – A project of
Mintal, Davao City Century Properties Sanitarium, Iloilo City Megaworld. Lanang, Davao City

Locally manufactured by:

For INQUIRIES: jbindustrialcorp@gmail.com / 0933-828-1390;
samfactor12@gmail.com / 0915-501-4845;

https:// flexcon.ph FB page : Flex Con

Factories: Bulacan, Bacolod, Davao