Northern Antique Vocational School

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Culasi, Antique

EFFECTS OF USING GOOGLE TO PLAGIARIZE IDEAS AMONG GRADE 11

STUDENTS IN THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

A Research Paper Presented to:

ROGELIO A. CADUT, JR, SHS T-II Course Facilitator

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Research in Daily Life 1

(Qualitative Research)

by:

KATE ABIGAIL YAP JERALDYN BALBUENA JOHN RHEY MONTERO

GIOVANNI DAX PALCIOUS HANNAH FE BUAYA
MIEL LORENZO
G11 Biomes Researchers

March, 2019

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 Northern Antique Vocational School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

CHAPTER I

Introduction of the Study

This chapter is composed of the following parts: (1) Background of the

Study, (2) Statement of the Problem, (3) Theoretical Framework, (4) Conceptual

Framework, (5) Significance of the Study, (6) Scope and Limitations of the Study,

and (7) Definitions of Terms.

Background of the Study

As Grade-11 students, some are experiencing difficulties in academic

performance because of attention deficit any hyper-activity disorder or commonly

known as not paying attention in the teachers and specific learning difficulties

that leads to do plagiarized. Northern Antique Vocational School is one of the

public school in Culasi that also known as "Home of the Champions". Where the

most of the students are enrolled because of free tuition and has a payment fee

of miscellaneous cost 290.00 pesos. This school where half of the students are

poor competency in academic performance that's why they tend to use to

plagiarize ideas found in the internet. Scherbinin & Butakov (2008), stated that

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

the most commonly anti-plagiarism technique used all over the world is Google.

With the above mentioned objective of the researcher to determine the common

reasons why students use Google to plagiarize. Hence, the research finding on

that objective will be basis to interpose for school activities.

Statement of the Problem

This study sought answers to the following questions;

What is profile of the respondents in terms of

A. Gender

B. Academic performance

What are the possibilities in getting involve of the respondents in plagirizing

ideas to thier academic performance?

How will the respondents minimize in doing plagiarism?

Conceptual /Theoretical Framework

The study relied a theory to explain the interrelatedness of the main

variables.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

Social Desirability

Bushweller (1999) reports that many educators consider the erosion of

ethics in our self-centered society as the reason why learners are increasingly

cheating. Other educators consider the rise in learner collaboration as a factor,

while still others blame teachers for not caring or not bothering to deal with

cheating. Finally, some blame the parents who don’t hold their children

accountable if they are caught cheating. In reality, there are a number of social

factors that could influence learner cheating in higher education (Bushweller,

1999).

Several social theories may also influence why learners plagiarize. Cross

and Brodt (2001) explain social projection theory as viewing people and places

based on one’s own beliefs, knowledge, or experience rather than on anything

objective about the person or place. In this case, learners that plagiarize might

anticipate that it occurs more often in higher education than it really does, but

they want to believe plagiarism is rampant in order to excuse their own behavior.

Social identity theory and self-categorization could also influence why learners

plagiarize.

Bandura (1986, as cited by McCabe and Trevino, 1993) explains social

learning theory as human behavior “learned through the influence of example”

(p. 527). If learners are observing their peers cheating with nonexisting or

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

minimal punishment, the learner is more apt to cheat as well. Under this theory,

the burden to prove dishonesty rests on the professor, even though it is an

unpleasant situation for everyone involved.

Significance of the Study

The results of the study and the conclusions drawn from them maybe

beneficial to the following:

The school administrator

The findings of this study will enable school administrators to help the school

create and forter an environment which plagiarism has no place in the academic

performance of the students.

Teachers

The results of this study will be beneficial to the teachers for the reason that the

teachers will be aware of this activity which is plagiarism and the teachers will

able to know effectively if the students are performing plagiarism.

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 Northern Antique Vocational School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

Students

The study is very beneficial to the future students because with this study the

students will have an awareness and a knowledge prior to the effects of

plagiarism not only to their academic performance but also include their mental

property and mental responses.

Parents

This could help the parents to better understand and became more aware of the

consequences and effects brought by plagiarism to their children and to

acknowledge the role of parents in enhancing the skills and talent of their

children without depending on the ideas found in the internet.

Reseachers

This study will provide a baseline data or a guide needed for future reseachers

and studies related to this study.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

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 Northern Antique Vocational School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

This study consider the effects of using Google to plagiarize ideas among

grade-11 students of Northern Antique Vocational School in their academic

performance.

This study focuses on the grade-11 students of Northern Antique

Vocational School and will be conducted on the above mentioned school, during

the school year 2019-2020. This study will enable the students to discover the

effects of plagiarism.

Definitions of Terms

For better understanding of this study, the following terms have been

defined operationally:

1. Academic performance

Academic performance is the outcome of education- the extent to which a

student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals(Annie,

Howard, & Mildred, 1996). According to IGI-Global, academic performance is

measured it the final grade earned in the course and defined by student's

reporting of past semester.

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 Northern Antique Vocational School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

2. Plagiarism

According to Cambridge dictionary, Plagiarism is the process or practice of using

another person's ideas or work and pretending that it your own. As used in the

study, plagiarism refers to buying or downloading a paper from a research

service or term-paper Mill and offering it as your own (Janowski, 2002).

3. Google effect

Guila 2017, states that Google effect also called "digital amnesia", which means

the tendency to forget the information that we can get from the internet. As

used in the study, Google effect refers to people tend to remember fewer details

of things they think they can find online (Sparrow, Lui, Wegner, 2011).

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 Northern Antique Vocational School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the review of literature that is related to the present

investigation.

It is acknowledged that researchers and academic institutions have attempted to

find a suitable definition for academic integrity. Many have considered the

complexity and pervasiveness of academic dishonesty (McCabe & Trevino, 1993;

Pincus & Schmelkin, 2003; Bretag et al., 2011; Mulatu Bachore, 2014; Orim,

2014). For instance, Pincus and Schmelkin (2003, p. 197) concluded that several

attempts at a definition of academic dishonesty are “broad and ambiguous” while

Bretag et al. (2011) outlined several representations of academic dishonesty,

including collusion, examination malpractice and cheating in assignments,

stealing of other students’ work, presentation of false data, paying a third party

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

to provide solution to assignments, or downloading assignments from the

internet.

Plagiarism is an illicit activity synonymous with cheating, it can be described as

corruption of the process of independent and critical thinking that is essential to

adding to the body of knowledge. (Gow, 2013). Orim, Borg and Awala-Ale (2013)

quoted Park (2003), also described plagiarism as academic malpractice; and a

breach of academic integrity. Plagiarism occurs as result of certain elements in

the academic environment. The causes of plagiarism can be summarized as:

ignorance, lack of skills, and academic pressure of publish or perish. To buttress

this point, Orim, Borg and Awala-Ale (2013) stressed that most plagiarism cases

occurred as a result of lack of awareness and proper skills. They conducted a

study on Nigerian students on post-graduate programme in United Kingdom

(UK), and found that most of the post-graduate students are not aware of what

actually constitutes plagiarism before coming to UK universities. Some plagiarism

behaviour such as collusion is clearly intentional, and un-ethical, whereas, some

other could be accidental or unintentional which could be referred to as poor

practice. (Brown and Howell, 2001; Devlin and Gray, 2007; Elander, Pittman,

Lusher, Fox and Payne, 2010; James, Mclnnis and Davlin, 2002 cited in Powell,

2012; Hayes and Introna,2005.)

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 Northern Antique Vocational School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

Onuoha and Ikonne (2013) cited Island, (2011) and Wan et al (2011) and

observed that although students may sometimes engage in the acts of plagiarism

intentionally, some students unknowingly plagiarize because they are unclear of

what constitutes a quotation or paraphrase and they are not equipped with how

to cite properly.

The Origin of Plagiarism

Plagiarism as a concept relates to various aspects of life. It is certainly viewed as

a problem by some researchers in the academic sector, one which is growing

and persistent (Maxymuk, 2006; Velliaris, 2016) regardless of several

interventions (Smedley et al., 2015; Eisa et al., 2015). This is evident in several

studies which have been carried out on a large scale (such as AISP, 2010-2012,

www.aisp.apfei.edu.au in Australia and IPPHEAE, 2010-2013, www.ippheae.eu in

the UK) and also small scale (White, 1993; Ashworth et al., 1997; Weeks, 2001;

Seppanen, 2002; Nejati et al., 2011; Babalola, 2012; Orim et al., 2013)

stemming from several countries over the years. To understand the recent

debate expressed in literature about plagiarism and the relevance of this study, it

will be useful to understand how plagiarism originated. The concept of plagiarism

assumes a complex nature having originated from a simpler notion which initially

emphasized the “stealing” of another person’s work or idea to include copyright,

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 Northern Antique Vocational School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

legal, ethical, academic and technological issues. Pennycook (1996, p. 207) and

Stout (2013) observed that in early history, people reused text freely in a way we

now call “plagiarism”. However, over the years, the perception changed

gradually. This change was in relation to the invention of the printing press by

Gutenberg in 1450 which resulted to the expansion in publications with more

people being able to read. The increased demand for the supply of literature by

many more literate people created the desire for individuals to claim rights to

their work (Bainbridge, 2012). This idea led to devising ways the product of the

intellect can be used and owned, resulting to the categorization of the thoughts

and ideas of people legally as their properties. Hence the copyright laws of

England emerged which, though could not actually protect the authors as they

desired, legally recognised the idea of the written word as personal property

(Sutherland-Smith, 2008). Over the years, the act of indiscriminate borrowing of

text, words, ideas or the works of others became viewed as seriously

inappropriate (Pennycook, 1996) leading to a need for academic guidance.

Plagiarism Today

The “copy and paste” system which the internet has provided has made online

files easily transferable (Oblinger & Oblinger, 2005; Harper, 2006), with the

result that more people have access to the information there in (Tapscott, 2009),

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

and can use, transfer and incorporate the information obtained online into their

personal work, presenting students with more opportunities to use another’s

work—ethically or otherwise (Etter et al., 2006; Stephens et al., 2007). Sharing

of files has become a technology as well as a feature of modern learning as Etter

et al. (2006) mentions, and students enhance their learning through active

participation by sharing digital files. However, file-sharing has been considered

as one of concern in academic circles (Etter et al., 2006; Manly et al., 2015),

uncovering a need to review and thoroughly scrutinise the place of third party

sources in academic research. It may appear that these earlier mentioned

studies attempt to suggest that academic dishonesty is a bane of recent times,

but Bushway and Nash (1977) argue otherwise, stating that academic fraud

existed before digital technology. They suggested that the latter has only made it

a lot easier to engage in it. Researchers (MacDonald & Carroll, 2006; Dreher,

2007; Flowerdew & Li, 2007; Orim, 2014) have attempted to tackle the complex

issue of plagiarism, some proffering working models to check plagiarism and

manage its occurrence (Orim et al., 2013). In agreement with Chandrasoma et

al. (2004) this conceptual review seeks to move “beyond plagiarism” as a

common concept, to x-ray salient issues that have arisen which may be fanning

its flames.

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 Northern Antique Vocational School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

Chandrasoma et al. (2004) seeks to move “beyond plagiarism” as a common

concept. This is the same principle this author believes should be utilized as a

solution. There is a need to look “beyond plagiarism” as a concept and how it is

defined. The stereotype is that any act of plagiarism is intentional but as several

authors (Marsh et al., 1997; Schmitt, 2005) have highlighted, that is far from the

truth. Thus when a student submits an assignment (irrespective of the fact that

plagiarism is detected), the question should be asked “did the student submit a

paper that is reflective of the students learning?”. Hence, there should be a focus

on strengths, not just weaknesses. The concept of plagiarism should not be

encapsulated only in the rudimentary notion that plagiarism entails stealing

another person’s work or idea. It has evolved beyond this point and a grasp of

this fact is the first step in solving the problem. What will follow will be a discard

of outdated measures that accompanied the above mentioned notion.

Darab (2006) suggests a preventive approach to tackling the issues of

plagiarism. Reinforcing good practice including teaching students about the issue

of plagiarism and checking their commitment will be a step towards helping them

internalize the values that promote academic integrity.

Where there is available license for text-matching software, this should be

implemented with very robust deterrence policies to check the students’

tendency to acknowledge sources. This will ensure that not only are they

informed and aware (Ramzan et al., 2012), they are guided to act in accordance

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

with the requirements for appropriate citation of sources for their learning

benefit and that of the institution.

CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter presents the research design, locale of the study, the respondents,

data gathering instruments, data gathering procedures, and data analysis

procedures

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 Northern Antique Vocational School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

Research Design

This study used the descriptive method of research. Our general describing had

the purpose of description of the students performance in the school that might

have affected by getting involved in plagirizing ideas with the use for Google.

Along with the things that use we see in the regular students of Garde-11

students, are struggling in many different ways. Some of them were practicing

copying ideas through internet, some were doing plagiarism as their habit just to

pass some school works, and some are using the Google to have insights and

ideas but not intentionally copying the original work.

Locale of the Study and Respondents

This study was conducted to Grade 11 students of Northern Antique Vocational

School, Culasi, Antique for School Year 2019-2020. The school we have chosen is

the school where the researchers will conduct a study regarding in the effects of

plagiarism. This school is now having name as Northern Antique Vocational

School building at Centro poblacion, Culasi, Antique. It is headed by their School

principal III Mrs. Cristita O. Alonsagay. The said school is a big school and

perceived in the school, it has big population to accommodate.

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 Northern Antique Vocational School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

This study will use the Grade-11 students as the respondents that came from

Northern Antique Vocational School. The respondents are those who are officially

enrolled in Grade-11.

Data gathering Instruments

The researchers used a self-made questionnaire regarding to the effects of

plagiarism to their academic performance to gather relevant information and

data from the respondents. The instrument was subjected to content validation

by some experts and some revisions were made before its finalization. The

survey questionnaire has two parts. The first part is on the profile of the

respondents such as name labeled optional, sex, age; while the second part has

a 20-item questionnaire intended on how the respondents collect data through

internet and there habits by using there gadgets.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers sought the approval of the Principal III of Northern Antique

Vocational School, Culasi, Antique.

The self-made survey questionnaire for students was presented to the experts

for content validation.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Culasi, Antique

The researchers will provide the questionnaire to students who were enrolled in

Grade-11 level because of their involvement in this study.

Data Analysis Procedures

The researchers used the descriptive statistics particularly frequency counts and

percentages in analyzing the profile of the respondents.

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