1.

2 Avoiding plagiarism
B. Ed. 2nd Year
Basically plagiarism means taking ideas or words from a
source without giving credit (acknowledgement) to the
author.
It is seen as a kind of theft, and is considered to be an
academic crime.
In academic work, ideas and words are seen as private
property belonging to the person who first thought or
wrote them.
Therefore it is important for all students, including
international ones, to understand the meaning of
plagiarism and learn how to prevent it in their work.
The main difficulty that students face is that they are
expected:
(a) to show that they have read the principal experts on a
subject – by giving citations
(b) to explain these ideas in their own words and come
to their own original conclusions
There are several reasons why students must avoid
plagiarism:
• Copying the work of others will not help you develop
your own understanding
• To show that you understand the rules of the academic
community
• Plagiarism is easily detected by teachers and computer
software
• It may lead to failing a course or even having to leave
college
How to avoid Plagiarism?
Strategies avoiding plagiarism:
1. Paraphrasing and summarising
2. Acknowledging the original through quotations and
citations
3. Creating References
Quotations should not be over-used, so you must learn to
paraphrase and summarise in order to include other writers’
ideas in your work.
This will demonstrate your understanding of a text to your
teachers.
 1. Paraphrasing and summarising
Paraphrasing involves re-writing a text so that the language
is substantially different while the content stays the same.
SIMPLE LANGUAGE
Summarising means reducing the length of a text but
retaining the main points.
We can use some phrases in the paraphrase or in the
summary.
There are not used quotation marks when such phrases are
used.
As stated by Lyons (2002),...
As stated by Hockett (1991), Language is a means of
communication.
As the Publication Manual of the APA explains,...
Leki (2010) indicates that writing is process.
Following Bailey (2010),...
Goleman (2009) points out that...
2. Acknowledging the original through quotations and
citations
The quotations are the restatement of the exact words and
sentences of other’s work.
They are used along with proper citations within a text.
When we put the exact material from the original text in our
work, we keep inside the quotation marks, and mention the
source with the author’s name, year of publication and page
number.
This process is also called in-text citation or quotation.
The quotation marks are (“...”)
Wenger (1998, p.181) argues that; "Engagement,
imagination and alignment each create relations of
belonging".
Quotations that consist of a phrase or a clause must be
contained within a sentence.
If the quotation consists of one or more complete
sentences, it can follow a collon(:) and requires
quotation marks.
Long quotations (more than 40 words) need to be set
off from the text and they are to be indented. The
quotation marks are not needed.
3. Creating References
The source material of each quotation and citation
within the text must be mentioned in the references
list at the end of the text.
They are of different types, but APA and MLA are
mostly used.
  Works Cited
Uzawa, Hirofumi. Economic Theory and Global
Warming. Cambridge UP, 2003.
Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the
Planet." The New York Times, 22 May 2007,
www.nytimes.com/2007/05/22/science/earth/22an
der.html?_r=0. Accessed 29 May 2019.
Ebert, Roger. Review of An Inconvenient Truth,
directed by Davis Guggenheim. Ebert Digital LLC, 1
June 2006, www.rogerebert.com/reviews/an-
inconvenient-truth-2006. Accessed 15 June 2019.
Gowdy, John. "Avoiding Self-organized Extinction:
Toward a Co-evolutionary Economics of
Sustainability." International Journal of Sustainable
Development and World Ecology, vol. 14, no. 1, 2007,
pp. 27-36.