PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism
- is a serious form of academic
dishonesty and is frowned upon in the
academe.
- defined as the copying verbatim of
language and other ideas of other
writers and taking credit for them.
 Two types of Plagiarism

1. Plagiarism of ideas
- occurs when credit for a work is ascribed to
oneself untruthfully.

2. Plagiarism of language
-
Citations in different ways
 Author-oriented citation
-starts with the surname of the author, followed by the
year of publication in parenthesis.
-Verbs of statement such as argues, posits, and emphasizes
at the start of paragraph or sentence may be used.

Example:
Pulido (2012) believes that language in an online environment can be understood if
other modes of online communication are further analyzed to provide a full account
of interaction in virtual worlds.
 Text-oriented citation
a paragraph or sentence from a source is followed with
the surname of the author of the work and the year of
publication. It must be enclosed with parenthesis.

Example:
Unless educators realize the importance of reading and writing across subject areas,
problems in comprehension of subject matter will be a prominent issue in the
teaching learning process (Estacio, 2010)
 Another way of citation
start the sentence or paragraph by using the phrase
“According to” followed by the surname of the author
and the year of publication enclosed in parenthesis.

Example:
According to Mendoza(1990), by the end of century, our fuel reserves will be
reduced to half, a scarcity of energy supplies will be a big problem.
 Another examples:
In 1884, Luna’s Spolarium presented the different aspects of Philippine life

“The Matchmaker”(Spencer,2009) accurately captures the trials and

tribulations of fame and fortune of artists making it big in show business.

John Lennon and Paul McCartney wrote the song “A Hard Day’s Night”(1964)
which is considered as one of the Beatles’ greatest hits in their illustrious career
 Plagiarism of Language
happens when an author uses the language of another
writer and claims it as his or her own.

Types of Plagiarism of Language

Copied word-for-word from a source
Word-for-word plagiarism
Patchwork plagiarism
Copied word-for-word
Word-for-word Plagiarism
Patchwork Plagiarism
 Using Direct Quotations
is employed for statements that are so closely
associated that altering the words may lose its
rhetorical impact.
 Some points to consider for employing direct quotation:

1. Using direct quotations means to lift text and enclose them in quotation
marks. The authors name, the page numbers are included.

Ex.: “Globalization is just a covert term for colonization.” (Reyes,1994,p.2)

2. If the text is too long, you may omit certain parts and replace them with an
ellipsis(three dots). If the words omitted are at the end of the statement,
another dot is added, making it four.

Ex.: “Smartphones resulted from global innovations in technology… and

therefore, consumers need to be updated on the latest trends if they want to
maximize opportunities offered by these gadgets to make it daily activities
more convenient. “(De Claro,2010,p.7).
 3. Interpolation may be done to insert notes with the directly quoted passage to help
readers understand the context of the statements. Interpolation is marked by open and
closed brackets.

Ex.: “Educators believe that the education sector should addresses the material
conditions of schools to improve teaching and learning.”

4. Using too many direct quotations does not reveal your identity as an author.
Specifically, it is important that you develop your own voice and style of writing in
expressing ideas. Using other’s statements help in arguments but does not show our
originality and strength in making claims. Therefore as a rule of thumb, 20% of the total
length of the work nay employ direct quotations.

Ex.: “Smartphones resulted from global innovations in technology… and therefore,

consumers need to be updated on the latest trends if they want to maximize
opportunities offered by these gadgets to make it daily activities more convenient.” (De
Claro, 2010 , p.7).
 Summarizing
is a short restatement of the main idea of a text.
Ideally, it is a third of the original text of your paper.
Tips to develop your summary:

1. Make sure to read the text thoroughly and highlight the important details in the text.
Bear in mind that certain details have relationships(cause and effect for example) and these
need to be noted as well.
2. After getting the main idea/s, use your own words in your summary. Make sure to check if
the relationships between ideas are established.
3. When done with your summary, recheck your output with the original text. You may seek
your teacher or peer’s feedback to be sure.
 Paraphrasing
is a restatement in your own words of the mean idea
and supporting details of a text.

Tips in crafting your paraphrase:

1. Read the text thoroughly, noting both main ideas and supporting details. If
confronted with a long text, you may outline these ideas to distinguish the
major points from the minor ones.
2.After identifying these, carefully state the major and minor points in your
own words, making sure that relationships between and among these ideas are
observed.
3. Finally, when the paraphrase is done, compare your work with the original
to make sure that the original intentions of the author are not changed.