1.

3 ELEMENTS OF ACADEMIC
WRITING

B. Ed. 2nd Year

ELEMENTS OF ACADEMIC
WRITING
 Academic writing is different from other types
of writing.
 It has major elements:
 Argument
 Quotation
 Comparison
 Citation
 References
 Discussion
 Cohesion
 Style, etc.
 These elements make writing formal,
systematic, unified, and acceptable.
 They try to make writing without plagiarism.
 With the help of elements, academic
becomes more logical, analytical and
critical.
 Writing becomes cohesive and it becomes
grammatically and semantically connected.
 Writing needs coherence.
1. ARGUMENT
 Academic writing displays logical and factual
arguments about the given topic or issue.
 Argument is necessary in writing.
 Without it, it is not easy to get proper
conclusion or solution of a given issue.
 The arguments lead the text towards a
successful and effective conclusion.
 They help us to form and establish a new
knowledge in our work.
 For example, if we write an essay on Effects
of Corona Virus, we have to present
different arguments in each paragraph, and
we can construct a meaningful conclusion.
 Arguments are developed from systematic
way.
 They are logics or claims made by the
creative author being based on their reading,
experience or knowledge.
 Without argument, a piece of writing becomes a personal or
non-academic writing.
 Arguments usually flow in two directions within an
academic writing.
 The first direction is from arguments to theory.
 The arguments are generated to develop a theory about the
given issue.
 The second direction is from theory or problem to
arguments.
 The arguments are generated to elaborated the given
problem or theory.
 The arguments can be either for or against the given issue
or theory.
 Problem: Currently, roads are often
congested, which is...
 Argument 1: It is claimed that building more
roads is costly, increases...
 Argument: 2: Road pricing has many practical
difficulties, while people are...
 Conclusion: There is little alternative to a
road building programme...
 Problem: B. Ed. First Year students got
outsatnding scores in Major English.
 Argument 1: Students do not study hard.
 Argument 2: Students are not interested in
their subject.
 Argument 3:
 Problem: Nowadays, people are becoming
unhealthy.