SO MUCH INFORMATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am sincerely thankful to my guide Mr.

Imendra Yadav (P.G.T), head of

chemistry department, Delhi Public

School, Mathura Refinery Nagar,

Mathura for the valuable guidance

given by him during the preparation of

my chemistry project report.

I am highly thankful to God who gave me

spiritual and moral strength to work

honestly and by heart. I am grateful

to my parents for their constant

support and inspiration to compile up

this project report.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the

project entitled as "To detect
 out elements in Indian coins."

IS SUBMITTED FOR
ALL INDIA SECONDARY
CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

2019-2020
Kavyansh Gupta
XII SCIENCE
 INDEX

S. NO. TOPIC

1. CERTIFICATE

2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

3. AIM & INTRODUCTION

4. THEORY

5. APPARATUS REQUIRED

6. CHEMICALS REQUIRED

7. PROCEDURE & OBSERVATION

8. CONCLUSION

9. PRECAUTIONS

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION

India developed some of the world's

earliest coins sometimes around

600B.C. The coins were made by

taking as flat, though often irregular

shaped, pieces of silver, cutting it to

the proper weight, then applying a

series of punches to the front of it,

indicating where and when it was made

India introduced their first decimal

coins made of metals in 1957. The

coins were initially called Naye paise,

or new paise, to distinguish them from

the previous coins. This set of ten

recent coins of India includes 6 odd-

shaped coins. India's bimetallic

Rupees 10 coin is also now issued.

These are 1 paisa, 2 paisa, 5 paisa, 10

 paisa, 25 paisa, 50 paisa, 1 Rupee, 2

Rupees, 5 Rupees, and 10 Rupees.

Everybody in his or her life comes

across various types of coins. Coins

are very important means of

exchange.

These coins are made up of various

metals mixed in different proportions.

And this project is to determine the

elements present in the various Indian

coins.
THEORY
ALLOY:

An alloy can be defined as a homogenous

mixture of two or more elements, or
non-metals.
Example: Brass, bronze, stainless steel,
etc.

TYPES OF ALLOYS:

There are generally two types of alloys-

 Intermetallic compounds and
interstitials compounds of metals with a
non-metals.
 Solid solutions of metals in metals.
Alloy: It is the combination of two or more non-
reactive elements in order to change the micro
structure of that in order to change the
properties of the base metal
Alloy are two different types:
Interstitial solid solutions form when the solute
atom is small enough to fit at interstitial sites
between the solvent atoms. The atoms crowd
into the interstitial sites, causing the bonds of
the solvent atoms to compress and thus deform
to alter in the mechanical properties
Substitutional solid solution strengthening occurs
when the solute atom is large enough that it can
replace solvent atoms in their lattice positions.
 Some alloying elements are only soluble in small
amounts, whereas some solvent and solute pairs
form a solution over the whole range of binary
compositions
Advantages:
1. It increase the strength and ductlity of a base
metal
2. Improves electrical conductivity
3. Improves heat resistance
4. Imparts corrosion resistance
5. Improves toughness and meability
6. High temperature properties
7. To maintain high strength to weight ratio
8. To meet the requirements ,either in appearance
or manufacturing procedure
9. To increase hardness

Bibliography
 NCERT Textbook

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/coin_of_the_Indian
_rupee

https://www.thebetterindia.com/61190/history-
indian-rupee/

https://www.joelscoin.com/India.htm
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this dissertation titled

"Todetect out elements in Indian coins”
submitted by KAVYANSH GUPTA to
chemistry department of DELHI PUBLIC
SCHOOL, M.R.NAGAR was carried
under guidance and Supervision during
the academic year 2018-19.

Imendra Yadav