CH-201

MTE Project
Chemical Engineering Process Calculations

Riddhim Sehgal
2K20/CH/55
 Contents
1.Unit Process and

Unit Operations 3. Unit Processes

Hydrolysis
2. Unit Operations Oxidation
Catalysis
Filtration Hydrogenation
Distillation Sulfonation
Crystallization

Evaporation
Absorption
 Unit Processes
A Unit process is one or more grouped
operations in a manufacturing system
that can be defined and separated
from others. Unit processes involve
chemical changes such as
Hydrogenation, Oxidation, Nitration
and other reactions.
Unit Operations
A Unit operation is a basic step in a
process. Unit operations involve a
physical change or chemical
transformation such as separation,
crystallization, evaporation, filtration,
polymerization, isomerization, and
other reactions. Unit operations are
connected to create the overall
process.
 Unit Operations

Filtration Distillation Crystallization Evaporation Absorption

 Filtration
Filtration is a physical separation
process that separates solid matter
and fluid from a mixture using a filter
medium that has a complex structure
through which only the fluid can
pass.

Industries where it is used:

Water Treatment
Pharmaceuticals
Food Processing
 Distillation
Distillation, or classical distillation, is
the process of separating the
components or substances from a
liquid mixture by using selective
boiling and condensation.
Industries where its used:
Petrochemical industry
Natural gas processing
plants
Alcohol Production
Crystallization
Crystallization or crystallisation is the
process by which a solid forms, where
the atoms or molecules are highly
organized into a structure known as a
crystal. Some of the ways by which
crystals form are precipitating from a
solution, freezing, or more rarely
deposition directly from a gas.
Industries where its used:
Pharmaceuticals
Food sectors
Chemical processing
industries
 Evaporation
Evaporation is a type of vaporization
that occurs on the surface of a liquid as
it changes into the gas phase. The
surrounding gas must not be saturated
with the evaporating substance.

Industries where its used:

Food processing
Chemical industries
Pharmaceuticals
Nuclear plants
 Absorption
Absorption is a physical or chemical
phenomenon or a process in which
atoms, molecules or ions enter some
bulk phase – liquid or solid material.

Industries where its used:

Gas industry
Metal and Packaging
industries
Exhaust air scrubbing
 Unit Process

Hydrolysis Oxidation Catalysis Hydrogenation Sulfonation

 Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in
which a molecule of water breaks one
or more chemical bonds. The term is
used broadly for substitution,
elimination, and solvation reactions
in which water is the nucleophile.
Industries where its used:
Used in chemical processing
of vegetable materials
Production of nutrient yeast
 Oxidation
Oxidation is the loss of electrons or
an increase in the oxidation state of
an atom, an ion, or of certain atoms
in a molecule.
Industries where its used:
Cleaning products
Oxidising ammonia produce
nitric acid.
Electrochemical cells
manufacturing
 Catalysis
Catalysis is the process of increasing
the rate of a chemical reaction by
adding a substance known as a
catalyst. Catalysts are not consumed
in the reaction and remain unchanged
after it.

Industries where its used:

Petroleum Refining
Chemical production
Food Processing
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction
between molecular hydrogen (H2)
and another compound or element,
usually in the presence of a catalyst
such as nickel, palladium or
platinum. The process is commonly
employed to reduce or saturate
organic compounds.
Industries where its used:
Food industry in production
of oils and butter
Petrochemical industry
Production of organic
chemicals
 Sulfonation
Sulfonation is an organic reaction in
which a hydrogen atom on an arene is
replaced by a sulfonic acid functional
group in an electrophilic aromatic
substitution.
Industries where its used:
Preparation of Dyes and
Pharmaceuticals
Sulphonation of polystyrene is
used to make sodium polystyrene
sulfonate, a common ion exchange
resin for water softening.
Thank You!!