STUDY GUIDE

1. Sport participation for youth peaks at 12 YEARS OLD. (p.516)

2. MOTIVATION is the direction and intensity of effort. (p. 51)
3. Unusual eating patterns are often one of the best indicators of an eating order. If an individual hides
food and disappears after eating, this can be sign of BULIMIA. ( p.471)
4. The attribution theory focuses on how people explain their STABILITY and LOST OF DURABILITY. (p.64)
5. Achieving positive mood changes can be accomplished via RHYTHMICAL ABDOMINAL BREATHING. (p.
403)
6. The ability of an athlete to maintain focus on relevant environmental cues is called CONCENTRATION.
(p.365)
7. A good starting point for increasing awareness of arousal states is to VISUALIZE YOUR BEST AND
WORST PERFORMANCE. The state of mind produced by the relaxation response is similar to that
described during PEAK PERFORMANCE. (p. 272-273)
8. Need achievement theory is an interactional view that considers both the PERSONAL and
SITUATIONAL factors as important predictors of behavior. (p. 62-63)
9. The situation approach states that behavior is determined largely by the situation or environment and
draws from social learning theory. (p.32)
10. AROUSAL is a BLEND OF PHYSIOLOGICAL -PSYCHOLOGICAL. (p.77-79)
11. There are four types of attentional focus. They are_______ (p.372)
 BROAD ATTENTIONAL FOCUS
 NARROW ATTENTIONAL FOCUS
 EXTERNAL ATTENTIONAL FOCUS
 INTERNAL ATTENTIONAL FOCUS
12. Appropriate by a group is called a NORM.
13. Research on goal setting has concluded that goal setting GOAL SETTING WORKS. (p. 346-347)
14. The most frequent problem to watch out for when helping individuals in sports and exercise settings
set their goal, IS TO SET SPECIFIC GOALS. (p. 358)
15. According to studies on intrinsic motivation in a competitive setting SUCCESS PRODUCERS HIGHER
LEVEL OF INTRINSIC THEN FAILURE DOES. (p. 148)
16. A broad attentional focus ALLOWS AN ATHLETE TO PROCEED SEVERAL OCCURENCES
SIMULTANEOUSLY. (p. 372)
17. Anxiety has thought component called COGNITIVE ANXIETY.(p. 78)
18. High performance with optimal level of arousal and lesser performance with low arousal is a theory
called THE INVERTED U HYPHOTHESIS.(p. 86-88)
19. A complex concept, BURNOUT , is an exhaustive psycho physiological response exhibited as a result if
ineffective efforts to meet excessive and competitive demands.
20. Children with low perceptions of their abilities typically do not participate in sport, or they drop out
whereas children with high perceptions of their competence participate and persist. This theory is
called PERCEIVE COMPETENCE. (p. 517-518)
21. Recent studies indicate that the greatest sources of stress for individuals rehabilitating from injury are
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL. (p. 450)
22. In general, most coaches state that their sport is AT LEAST 50 % MENTAL.
23. Researchers have found that the tranquilizing effects of exercise lasts approximately 24 HOURS.
24. The competence motivation theory holds that people are motivated to feel worthy or competent and
moreover, that such feelings are the primary determinants of motivation. (p. 67-68)
25. SELF-EFFICACY THEORY is built upon the belief in one’s ability to perform a specific task successfully.
(p. 329)
26. Athlete should make sure that when they are performing a skill under pressure they BREATH OUT.
27. ANXIETY is defined as a negative emotional state in which feelings of nervousness, worry and
apprehension are associated with activation or arousal of the body. (78-79)
28. In conducting research on the mental preparation of Canadian Olympic athletes, studies found that
athletes who perform up their potential DEVELOP COMPETITIVE PLANS. (p.370)
29. Coaches and teachers often form expectations of athletes based on INFORMATION AND PERSONAL
CUES. Two of the most important structural characteristic of groups are group norms and group roles.
(p.163)
30. The relationship is circular best represents the relationship between COHESION and PERFORMANCE.
(p. 188)
 31. A level of performance, pattern of behavior, or belief that is formally or informally established as on
errors made when setting goal is NORMS. (p. 360)
32. The research on goal setting has concluded that GOAL SETTING WORKS. (p.346-347)
33. The phenomenon in which individual performance decreases as the number of people in the group
increases is known as the RINGELLMAN EFFECT. (p. 173)
34. The best way to understand motivation is to understand both the PERSON and the SITUATION. (p. 54)
35. HYPNOSIS is defined as an altered state or consciousness that can be induced by a procedure in which
a person is in an usually relaxed state and responds to suggestions for making alterations in
perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or actions. (p. 281-282)
36. “Choking” can be defined as A PROCESS THAT LEAD OF IMPAIRED PERFORMANCE.(p. 374-375)
37. The two principles of reinforcement are POSITIVE and NEGATIVE. (p. 126)
38. The three major types of goals are ______ (p.350-351)
 OUTCOME GOALS
 PERFORMANCE GOALS
 PROCESS GOALS
39. STRESS occurs when there are substantial imbalance between the physical and psychological demands
placed on a individual. (p. 82)
40. The three phases of PST (psychological skills training) programs are ____ (p. 254-255)
 PRACTICE
 ACQUISITION
 EDUCATION
41. Tennis and baseball players are able to successfully hit balls traveling toward them at high speeds
because THEY LEARN TO PREDICT THE FLIGHT OF THE BALL.
42. The view that contends that motivation level is determined primarily by situation is known as the
SITUATION CENTRED VIEW. (p. 53)
43. Knowledge, accomplishment, and stimulation are types of INTRINSIC MOTIVATION. (p.139)
44. Personality refers to CHARACTERISTICS.(p. 27-28)
45. Providing evaluation and feedback about goals is one of the common problems in GOAL SETTING.(p.
354)
46. ANXIETY is defined as a negative emotional state in which feelings of nervousness, worry, and
apprehension are associated with activation or arousal of the body. 9P.78-79)
47. An example in which a PE teacher can use behavior modification with students is REINFORCEMENT
CLEAN PLAY.(P. 125-130)
48. According to the TRAIT APPROACH THEORY, successful leaders have CERTAIN PERSONALITY
CHARACTERISTICS that make it likely they will be leaders. (P. 204-205)
49. HAVING OTHER THINGS TO DO is a MAJOR REASON that your athletes give for DROPPING OUT OF
SPORT. (P. 516)
50. Researchers investigating the concept of psychological momentum in sports and physical activities
have found the teams comprised of athletes with momentum SHIFTS. [just like to play perform well-
bad] (p.322-323)

SOALAN BOCOR
1 The phenomenon in which individual performance decrease as the number of people in group increases
is known as the ………………….
A. Ringlemenn effect
B. New York effect
C. Stiener effect
D. Weakest link effect

2 Personality refers to ……………………

A. The characteristic of lack characteristics that make a person unique
 B. the innermost appearance of a person in his or her environment
C. the deepest component that includes persons attitude and values, interests, motives and beliefs
about him of herself
D. the quality of a person to his or her psychological core

3 Which of the following is among is among the common problem in goal setting?
A. Convincing students athlete, and exercisers to set goals
B. Setting too many goals
C. Providing evaluation and feedback about goals
D. Failing to set specific gaols

4 An example in which PE teachers can use behaviour modification with students is …………….
A. Reinforced negative play
B. Not punish aggressive play
C. Reinforce aggressive play
D. reinforce clean play

5 Which approach states that behaviour is determined largely by the situation or environment draws from
social learning theory?
A. The trait approach
B. The interactional approach
C. The situation approach
D. The psychodynamic approach

6 Arousal is ......................
A. An emotional state characterized by nervousness
B. A blend of physiological and physiological activation, varying on a continuum from deep sleep to
intense activation
C. An ever-changing psycho-physiological mood component
D. A stable personality component or skill that concerns the moment-to-moment changes in
perceived physiological activation

7 These are four types of attentional focus. They are .......................

A. Self talk, motivational self talk, allocation and variable
B. Broad-external, narrow-external, broad internal and narrow internal
C. Selective attention, situation awareness, broad attentional focus and situation training
D. External attentional focus, internal attentional focus, narrow attentional focus and effective
attenders
8 The two principles of reinforcement are ..............
A. Positive and negative
B. Reward and punishment
C. Task and authority
D. Timing and evaluation

9 The most frequent problem to watch out for when helping individual in sport and exercise settings set
their goals, is ...............
A. Their failure to set specific goals
B. Their failure to set outcome goals
C. Their failure to set enough goals
D. Their failure to set long-term goals

10 A level of performance, pattern of behaviour or belief that is formality or informally established as

appropriate by a group is called a .............
A. Norm
B. Sanction
C. Team climate
D. Standard

11 Research on goal setting has concluded that ......................

A. Although goals work in some situations, more often than not specific goals are not better than “do
your best” goals
B. It does not matter how difficult your goals are any goal will be effective
 C. Goal setting works and works very well
D. Goal setting is effective but only when the goals are easy

12 According to the……………………. Theory, successful leader has certain personality characteristic that make
it likely they will be leaders.
A. Behavioural approach
B. Trait approach
C. Interactional approach
D. Leadership approach

13 Stress occurs when there is a substantial imbalance between the …………….. and ………………. Demand
placed on an individual.
A. physical, psychological
B. Environmental, social
C. personal, situational
D. psychological, personal

14 The three stages of PST (Psychological Skill training) progress are ……………………..
A. Education, training, self regulation phases.
B. Practice, acquisition, education phases
C. Practise, self-confident improvement, stress management
D. Education, self confidence, acquisition phases

15 Which of the following is the major reason that young athlete give for dropping out of sport?
A. Other thing to do
B. Boredom
C. Did not like the coach
D. Did not like the pressure

16 Researches investigating the concept of psychological momentum in sports and physical activities has
found that team comprises of athlete with momentum will ……………………….
A. Continue to perform well for the next few minutes of play
B. Continue to perform well for the rest of the game
C. Were just as likely to perform poorly as to continue to perform well
D. Are important in team sport but not in individual sports.

17 The state of mind that produced the state of relaxation response is similar to that describe ……………….
A. Imagery
B. Peak performance
C. Deep sleep
D. Progressive relaxation

18 The three major types of goals are................

A. Outcome goals, process goals, performance goals
B. Objective goals, subjective goals, general goals
C. Positive goals, negative goals, process goals
D. Specific goals, general goals, task oriented goals

19 A good starting poin for increasing awareness of arousal states is to..............

A. Visualize your best and worst performance
B. Visualize only your best performance
C. Learn transcendental meditation
D. Learn acrogenic training

20 The ability of an athlete 5to maintain focus on relevant environmental cues is called..................
A. Attentional focus
B. Awareness
C. Concentration
D. Meditation

21 The attribution theory focuses on how people explain their.................... and .............................
 A. Stability; locus or durability
B. Successes; failures
C. Internal; external
D. Approach success; approach to situation

22 Achieving positive mood changes can be accomplished via ........................................

A. Rhythmical abdominal breathing
B. Relative absence of interpersonal competition
C. Predictable activities
D. Enjoyment

23 Need achievement theory is an interactional view that considers both the ..................
and ........................... factors as important predictors of behaviour.
A. Personal; situational
B. Task; outcome
C. Intrinsic; extrinsic
D. Environmental; personal

24 Unusual eating patterns are often one of the best indicators of an eating disorder. If an individual hides
food and disappears after eating, this can be sign of ..................
A. Bulimia
B. Anorexia nervosa
C. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia
D. Psychological depression

25 ............. is the direction and intensity of efforts.

A. Personality
B. Confidence
C. Motivation
D. Aggression

26 Sport participation for youth peaks at what age?

A. 14 years old
B. 17 years old
C. 12 years old
D. 10 years old

27 A complex concept .................. is an exhaustive psychophysiological response exhibited as a result of

ineffective efforts to meet excessive and competitive demands.
A. Overtraining
B. Staleness
C. Burnout
D. Stress

28 Children with low perceptions of their abilities typically do not participate in sport, or they drop out
whereas children with high perceptions of their competence participate and persist. This theory is
called..............
A. Perceived competence
B. Sport-specific competence theory
C. Sport-general competence theory
D. Individual competence

29 Recent studies indicate that the greatest sources of stress for individuals rehabilitating from injury
are..............
A. Psychology and social
B. Physical and social
C. Physical and emotional
D. Emotional and behavioural

30 In general, most coaches state that their sport is at least what percentage mental?
A. 20%
B. 50%
 C. 80%
D. 90%

31 Researches has found that the tranquilizing effects of exercise lasts for ……………………..
A. 24 hours
B. 48 hours
C. 12 hours
D. 8 to 10 hours

32 The competence motivation theory holds that

A. People are …………………………….
B. To understand ……………………………………..
C. Confidence is the primary determinant of motivation
D. People are motivated to feel worthy or competent and moreover, that such feelings are the
primary determinants of motivation

33 ………………………………………….. is built upon the believe of once ability to perform the task successfully
A. Progressive relaxation theory
B. Psycho neuromuscular theory
C. Self-efficacy theory
D. Social facilitation theory

34 Athletes should make sure that when there are performing a skill under pressure should …………..
A. Breath in during the execution of the skills
B. Breath out during execution of the skill
C. Hold the breath during execution of the skill
D. Breath shallowly during execution of the skill

35 Choking can be defined as…….

A. A bad performance at a critical time of competition
B. A process that leads to impaired performance
C. Making a mistake that costs you and your team a victory
D. Making a mistake that emotionally important to an athlete

36 The best way to understand motivation is to understand both…..and how the two interact
A. Person and situation
B. Environment and situation
C. Person and environment
D. Personality and the approach

37 .................... is defined as an altered state or consciousness that can be induced by a procedure in which
a person is in an usually relaxed state and responds to suggestions for making alterations in perception,
feelings, thoughts or actions.
A. Inoculation
B. Coping
C. Hypnosis
D. Wedging

38 Anxiety is defined as:

A. A temporary ever changing emotional state of subjective, consciously perceived feeling of
apprehension.
B. A behavioural dispersive in perceive as threatening circumstances that are objectively not
dangerous.
C. A negative emotional state in which feelings of nervousness, worry, and apprehension are
associated with activation or arousal of the body.
D. A negative emotional state in which feelings of nervousness, worry, and apprehension are
associated with deactivation or stress of the body.

39 In conducting research on the mental preparation of Canadian Olympic athletes studies found the
athletes who performed up to their potential...................
A. Developed competitive plans
 B. Received positive feedback from coaches
C. Had more extroverted personalities
D. Had more introverted personalities

40 Coaches and teachers often from form expectations of athletes based on....
A. Performance information and media report.
B. Performance information and person cues.
C. Person cues and media report
D. Person cues and scouting report

41 Two of the most important structural characteristics of groups are

A. Social loafing and social support
B. Storming and norming
C. Group norms and group roles
D. Social support and norming

42 One of the most what of the most common errors made when setting goals is...
A. Providing too much feedback concerning goal setting progress
B. Setting goals that effectively improve performance while at the same time determining ways to
improve skills
C. Failing to provide for goal evaluation and feedback
D. Failing to set outcome goal

43 Knowledge, accomplishment, and stimulation are types of …………………….

A. Intrinsic motivation
B. Extrinsic motivation
C. Cognitive evaluation
D. Behavioural modification

44 Tennis and baseball players are able to successfully hit balls travelling toward them at high speed
because…………….
A. They have learned to watch the ball hit their racquet (or bat)
B. They have learned to predict the flight of the ball by using advanced attentional cues
C. They have learned to use a narrow external focus
D. They have learned to use a broad-external focus

45 According to studies on intrinsic motivation in a competitive setting

A. Success produces higher levels of intrinsic motivation than does failure
B. Male exhibits lower levels of intrinsic motivation after success than after failure
C. Female exhibit higher levels for intrinsic motivation after failure than after success
D. Female exhibit higher levels for intrinsic motivation before failure

46 A broad ettentional focus ……………….

A. Allows an athlete to perceive several occurrences simultaneously
B. occurs when an athlete responds only one or two cues
C. is directed inward to thoughts and feelings
D. directs attention outward to an object

47 Anxiety has a thought component, What is it called?

A. Nervousness
B. Worry
C. Cognitive anxiety
D. Cognitive attitude

48 High performance with optimal level of arousal and lesser performance with low arousal is theory called
A. Individualized zones or optimal function theory
B. Inverted U hypothesis
C. Multidimensional anxiety theory
D. Catastrophe model

49 The view that contends that motivation levels is determined primarily by situation is known as the ……
A. Trait centred view
 B. Situation-centered view
C. Interactional view
D. Motivational view

50 Which of the following statements best represents the relationship between cohesic performances?
A. The relationship is circular
B. Cohesion has a stronger effect on performance than performance has on cohesic
C. Cohesion has no effect on performance
D. Cohesion is negatively related to performance