CONTENTS

CHAPTER DESCRIPTION PAGE

NO. NO.
Acknowledgements i

Abstract ii

Contents iii-iv

List of Figures v-vi

1 Introduction 1-4
1.1 Definition 1
1.2 History of ATV 2

2 Literature review 5-9

3 Materials and Methods 10-35

3.1 Suspension 10
a) Spring 10
b) Shock absorber 12
3.1.1 Types of Suspension System 14
i) Front Suspension- Dependent System 14
ii) Double Wishbone Suspension System 15
iii) Rear Suspension- Dependent System 15
iv) Solid Axle, Leaf Spring 16

3.2 Steering Mechanism 16

3.2.1 Steering 16
3.2.2 Types of Steering System generally in use 18
a) Steering by Linkages 18
b) Rack and Pinion 18
3.2.3 Steering Ratio 19
3.2.4 Factors influencing selection of Steering System 20
3.2.4.1 Camber 20
3.2.4.2 Caster 22
3.2.4.3 Steering Axis Inclination 24
3.2.4.4 Included Angle 25
3.2.4.5 Toe-in and toe out 26

3.3 Brake System 27

3.3.1 Types of Brakes 28
i) Drum Brakes 28
ii) Disc Brakes 29
iii) Electric Parking Brake 30
iv) Hand Brake 30

iii
 CONTENTS
3.3.2 Brake Fluid 31
3.3.3 Brake Pad 32
3.3.4 Brake Bleeding 33
3.3.4.1 Vacuum method 35
3.3.4.2 Pressure method 35

4 Fabrication and Development 36-42

4.1 Selection of Suspension System 36
4.2 Steering selection 38
4.3 Brake System selection 40

5 Photo Gallery 43-45

6 Conclusion 46

Bibliography 47

iv