HUMAN FACTOR (REVISION)

1. What is human factor?

Human Factors is about people: it is about people in their working and living
environments, and it is about their relationship with equipment, procedures, and the
environment.
2. List two types of resources?
 Human resource
 Non-human resource
3. List reasons that make smart people do mistakes?
 Excessive Workload
 Lack of Situation Awareness
 Excessive Stress, Fatigue, Uncertainty,
 Diminished Attention
 Poor Teamwork and Communication
 Quality engineering can help avoid virtually all of these problems
4. Describe how to avoid errors in human factor?
 Plan, design, manufacture, and implement systems that:
 Utilise human capabilities;
 Cater to human limitations:
 Train & equip humans to:
 Utilise the system;
 Recognise and minimise their limitations;
 Learn from errors.
5. What is not human factor?
 “Just applied common sense”
 Training people to accommodate poor design
 Blaming the user
 Designers projecting their skills onto users
6. List two types of organizational structure?
 Bureaucratic structure
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 Short structure
7. What are the effects of fatigue, excessive stress and uncertainly?
 I don’t have a clear answer
8. Explain the effect of poor team work and communication?
 I don’t have a clear answer
9. What is motivation?
 The processes that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction, and
persistence of effort toward attaining a organizational goal
 Intensity – the amount of effort put forth to meet the goal
 Direction – efforts are channeled toward organizational goals
 Persistence – how long the effort is maintained
10. List four theories of motivation?
 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
 McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
 Herzberg’s Two-Factor (Motivation-Hygiene) Theory
 McClellan’s Theory of Needs (Three Needs Theory)
11. Draw Abrahm’s Maslow hierarchy of needs diagram and indicate the needs in all levels?
 Self-Actualization
 Esteem
 Social
 Safety
 Psychological
12. List three major parts of circulatory system?
 Blood
 Heart
 Blood vessels
13. List three types of blood vessels?
 Arteries
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 Capillaries
 Veins
14. List four chambers of the heart?
 Left ventricle
 Right ventricle
 Left atrium
 Right atrium
15. What is the purpose of blood?
 To carry important “stuff” through body.
16. Briefly explain what is disorientation?
 Is when our brain receives conflicting messages from our senses.
17. What is vertigo?
 Is lack of strength and concentration because of too much working.

18. List three causes of ear blockage?

 Infection
 Colds
 Allergic
19. What is hypoxic hypoxia?
 Is lack of oxygen in the brain
20. List three common symptoms of hypoxic hypoxia?
 Headache
 Blue finger nails and lips.
 Numbness / limp muscles
21. Lis three causes of hypoxic hypoxia?
 Alcohol or carbonated drinks
 Too much of carbon monoxide getting in (in hailing)
 Going very high altitude (during flight)
22. What is hyperventilation?
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 Is when there is more oxygen getting in the brain.

23. List four aviation physiology impairments?
 Fatigue
 Noise
 Medication (drug, alcohol)
 Attitude
24. How we can treat (techniques) that we use in ear blockage?
 yawning, swallowing, tensing muscles in throat, pinching nostrils and exerting
pressure
25. what is the solution in case we experience hypoxic hypoxia?
 Either use oxygen and descend to lower altitude
26. what is the solution in case we experience hyperventilation?
 slow your breathing down!
 Breathing into a paper bag
27. List three symptoms of vertigo?
 Loss of appetite
 Nausea
 Vomiting
28. Basic needs of human being?
 Food
 Shelter
 Clothing
 Education
 Health
29. What is aeronautical decision making?
 is a “systematic approach to the mental process used by aircraft pilots to
consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of
circumstances.
30. Define poor judgment chain?
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 is a series of mistakes that may lead to an accident or incident.

31. Differentiate diffusion and osmosis?
 Diffusion: movement of molecules from area of high concentration to area of low
concentration.
 Osmosis: movement of molecules from area of low concentration to area of high
concentration.
32. Differentiate the following:
 Hypoxic hypoxia: inadequate supply of oxygen
 Stagnant hypoxia: inadequate circulation of oxygen
 Hypemic hypoxia: in ability of the blood to carry oxygen
 Histotoxic hypoxia: in ability of the cells to effectively use oxygen
33. Tell different types of stress?
 Physical stress: conditions associated with the environment such as temperature
and humidity extremes, noise, vibration and lack of oxygen.
 Physiological stress: your physical condition, such as fatigue, lack of physical
fitness, sleep loss, missed meals and illness.
 Psychological stress: social or emotional factors such as a death in the family,
divorce, a sick child, a demotion at work.
34. Differentiate flight duty time, flight time and rest period?
 flight duty time: Flight duty time is the total time commencing from the time of
reporting at the airport for the purpose of operating a flight and ending with the
termination of a flight or a series of flights (Chocks on plus 15 minutes).
 flight time: The total time from the moment the aircraft first taxies out under its
own power for the purposes of take-off to the moment it comes to rest at the end
of a flight.
 Rest period: The period during which a flight crew is not assigned any duty.

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THANKS
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