Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presented By:
Rahil Goel (13112070)
Rajat Verma (13112071)
Rakesh Lahre (13112072)
Ramlal (13112073)
Ranjan Tak (13112074)
Group No. 28
Overview
• Basic Definition
• Objectives
• Working Principle
• Design Procedure
• Types
• Advantages/Disadvantages
• Industrial Usage
What it is…
A centrifugal separator
Cyclones have no moving parts and available in many shapes and sizes, for example from the small 1
and 2 cm diameter source sampling cyclones which are used for particle size analysis to the large 5 m
diameter cyclone separators used after wet scrubbers.
Classification of the
dust collectors…
Working principle
The collected particulates are allowed to exit out an underflow pipe while the
gas phase reverses its axial direction of flow and exits out
through the vortex finder (gas outlet tube) .
Lets make things a bit
clear… Vortex Finder
Barrel
Cone
Dust Collector
Design procedures
TYPES
Table depicts the parameters ranges selected for the seven geometrical parameters. The study was planned using
Box–Behnken design, with 64 combinations. A significant level of P<0.05 (95% confidence) was used in all tests.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was followed by an F-test of the individual factors and interactions
2) Perform the runs by estimating the pressure drop
(Euler number).
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the resultant quadric polynomial models adequately
represented the experimental data with the coefficient of multiple determination R2 being 0.92848. This
indicates that the quadric polynomial model obtained was adequate to describe the influence of the
independent variables studied . Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the significance of the
coefficients of the quadric polynomial models .For any of the terms in the models, a large F-value (small P-
value) would indicate a more significant effect on the respective response variables.
Based on the ANOVA results presented in above table , the variable with the largest effect on the
pressure drop (Euler number) was the linear term of vortex finder diameter, followed by the
linear term of inlet width and inlet height (P<0.05); the other four linear terms (barrel height,
vortex finder length, cyclone total height and cone tip diameter) did not show a significant
effect (P>0.05). The quadric term of vortex finder diameter also had a significant
effect (P<0.05) on the pressure drop; however, the effect of the other six quadric terms was
insignificant (P>0.05). Furthermore, the interaction between the inlet dimensions and vortex
finder diameters (P<0.05) also had a significant effect on the pressure drop, while the effect of
the remaining terms was insignificant (P>0.05).
3) fill in the values of pressure drop in the STATGRAPHICS worksheet and obtain the response surface
equation with main effect plot, interaction plots, Pareto chart and response surface plots beside the
optimum settings for the new cyclone design.
• Particle size ( particles with larger mass being subjected to greater force),
• Force exerted on the dust particles
• Time that the force is exerted on the particles
Mathematical models and equations
Using ρp as the particles density, the centrifugal component in the outward radial direction is:
. Using ρf for the density of the fluid, the buoyant force is:
Source
• Optimization of the cyclone separator geometry for minimum
pressure drop using mathematical
• Models and CFD simulations, Vrije Universiteit Brussel,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Research Group Fluid
Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels,
Belgium
Vp is equal to the volume of the particle (as opposed to the velocity).
Outward radial motion of each particle is found by setting Newton's second law of motion equal
to the sum of these forces:
To simplify this, we can assume the particle under consideration has reached "terminal velocity",
i.e., that its acceleration dVr/dt is zero.
This occurs when the radial velocity has caused enough drag force to counter the centrifugal and
buoyancy forces. This simplification changes our equation to:
Which expands to:
density of the fluid > the density of the particle, the motion is (-), toward the center of rotation
density of the fluid <the density of the particle, the motion is (+), away from the center.
In non-equilibrium conditions when radial acceleration is not zero, the general equation from
above rearrange to
• Since Vr is distance per time, this is a 2nd order differential equation of the form :
• the collected product remains dry and, normally useful. • can be fabricated from plate metal or, in the case of smaller
units,
• low capital investment and maintenance costs in most
• can, in some processes, handle sticky or tacky solids with
applications.
proper liquid irrigation.
• very compact in most applications. • can separate either solids or liquid particulates; sometimes
both.
• can be used under extreme processing conditions
• no moving parts.
• very robust.
Some disadvantages of cyclones are
low efficiency for particle sizes below their ‘cut-off diameter when operated under low solids-
loading conditions.
usually higher pressure loss than other separator types, including bag filters and low pressure drop
scrubbers.
subject to erosive wear and fouling if solids being processed are abrasive or ‘sticky.
Industrial usage
A lot of industries would be functioning on larger cyclones and therefore would have a large scope of cost reduction
as the efficiency of the system could be increased.
We will take up full data from the industry of the TAC and the efficiency of the cyclone and will try to provide a better model
with greater efficiency in the same cost.
We plan to do this…
According to patent:
In this way the larger particles will have lower speed than small
particles when
entering the cyclone and hence the separation of the fine particles is
improved.”
An Example…
Estimating cut diameter and the overall efficiency of the cyclone
Given data:
• Nptel
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009250910005245
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclonic_separation
• Optimization of the cyclone separator geometry for minimum pressure drop using mathematical
models and CFD simulations, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Research Group Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics,
Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
• Numerical study of gas–solid flow in a cyclone separator, Center for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems
and School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Thank You…