CH: - 2

The formation of Muslim

government in the Hindustan.
SHORT Q/A:-

Q1) what happened during the First Era (622-748)?

A) Some points are following:-

1) The Caliphs and Umayeds were in reign.

2) Areas like: - Arab, Iraq, Syria, Iran, and North Africa were captured.

Q2) what happened during the 2nd Era (748-900)?

A) Some points are following:-

1) The Abbasid Caliphs were in reign.

2) The Arabs culture and traditions were adopted during this Era.

Q3) what happened during the 3rd Era?

A) Some points are following:-

1) Many small states were being formed by Different Tribes and Families.

2) The Caliphs Administration authority was becoming weaker.

3) Iran Cultures and Traditions were adopted as well as their language.

Q4) what do you know about the 4th Era?

A) Some points are following:-

1) The Turks and Iran Empires were in reign.

2) The Iran Culture and Traditions were adopted in this Era.

3) The Family of Ghaznavi were rising politically in Power.

Q5) Write a note on Arrival of Alaptagin?

A) In 962, The Ruler of Samnavid Passed away. After his death his brother and his uncle claimed that
they are his successor. Alaptagin was the ruler of kharasan at that time. When Alaptigin was asked to
elect one of them, he elected the uncle but at that time he passed away and his brother became the
ruler. After he became the ruler he demanded for Alaptagin presence but, Alaptagin got afraid and
raised insurgency and captured Ghazna. After ruling for 8 years he passed away and his son became the
ruler but later on he also died.

Q6) who was Sabuktagin?

A) Subuktigin was the son in law of Alaptagin and former ruler of Ghazna.

Q7) When did Subuktigin came into power?

A) In 977, he became the ruler of Ghazna.

Q8) Till when Afghanistan was a part of Hindustan?

A) Till 8th Century.

Q9) How much price did Jay pal offered to Subuktigin to leave him?

A) 10000 dirham with 50 elephant and also left some of his men as surety.

Q10) what happened when Subuktigin sent his men for receiving the price which Jay pal offered?

A) He refused to fulfil his promise and imprisoned the receivers sent by Subuktigin and told him to
release him men which he left as surety.

Q11) When Subuktigin Died?

A) In 997. And ruled for 20 years

Q12) When Mehmood Ghaznavi was born?

A) He was born on 1 November, 971.

Q13) When Mehmood Ghaznavi came into power?

A) He was only 27 year old when his father Subuktigin passed away. After the death of his father (who
was the ruler of Ghazna) he willed for his another son Ismael to be his successor. Mehmood was not
happy with this decision, but didn’t wanted to go against his father will. After a while, the brothers
fought with each other and Mehmood won and locked away his brother providing every facility he
required and in 998 he became the ruler of Ghazna.

Q14) with whom Mehmood Ghaznavi joined forces to defeat Samanavids. And also tell why Mehmood
turned against Samanavid?

A) When Mehmood Became the ruler of Ghazna the samanavids tried to capture some of the areas
under his reign so he joined forces with the ruler of kashkar Alek khan and destroyed their government
and split it into half between each other.

Q15) how many times did Mehmood attacked the Hindustan?

A) 17 times.

Q16) who were Turks?

A) The Samanavids were given the importance for the very first time in history by Abbasi Caliph
Mamoon-ul-Rasheed (813-833). Mamoon-ul-Rasheed also gave some important areas to them so that
they form another state for themselves. They are known as Turks.

Q17) Why Sabuktagin attacked Afghanistan?

A) The reasons are following:-

1) He wanted to expand his reign.

2) Till 8th century Afghanistan became a part of the Hindustan politically and socially due to which Islam
started to spread in Afghanistan.

3) Due to the rising influence of Islam in Afghanistan Subuktagin wanted to capture Afghanistan but Jai
pal was creating hurdles in his way so he fought and defeated him and captured Afghanistan.

Q18) why the ruler of Punjab started to feel unsecure because of the Attacks by Sabuktagin?

A) The ruler of Punjab was feeling unsecure because the attacks by Sabuktagin had good influence of the
rising power of Islam in different areas and many Buddhist were accepting Islam. So, many other rulers
joined forces against Sabuktagin but failed.

Q19) Why Sultan Mehmood Attacked the Hindustan?

A) Sultan Mehmood attacked the Hindustan because:-

1) He wanted to protect his Empire and extend it.

2) He wanted to finish the influence and power of Ismaielis and other rulers therefore, he attacked the
Hindustan 17 times.

3) For wealth as the temples of the Hindustan were famous for their wealth. One of the most famous
temple name is “Somnath” which was captured by him in 1026.

Q20) Why Mehmood Ghaznavi wanted to capture Punjab?

A) One of the main reasons is because the ruler of Punjab were uprising against him and plan schemes
against him so he decided to capture Punjab one by one first he attacked Bharaah in 1004, Multan in
1005, Mutharah and Kanooj in 1020 and finally Lahore by defeating the ruler of Lahore Bhayam pal who
ran away and later on died and Mehmood captured Punjab and also because of his and his father rivalry
with Jaypal and Annandapal.

Q21) what was the status given to the temples during the attack of Mehood Ghaznavi in the Hindustan?

A) During the attack by Mehmood Ghaznavi in the Hindustan Hindu Brahmans were in reign. There were
many temples with many statues within it and a lot amount of money was also stored in them. One of
the famous temple name was “Somnath”. According to the history of the Hindustan: -
“The Somnath temple was located in a fort where there was a heavy amount of fortune. The large bells
of the temple we hung with Golden chains of 200 mann. About Thousands of men for servicing and
beautiful women for dance were recruited from 10000 villages. In order to give the statue of Somnath a
bath, the Ganga water was used”.

Q22) what were the reasons to success during the attacks by Mehmud Ghaznavi in the Hindustan?

A) The reasons are following:-

1) Art warfare skills

2) Solidarity in army

3) Better war strategy

4) Better Decisions taken on time

Q23) which tribe showed resistance against Mehmud Ghaznavi in Multan?

A) In 1005-1006 Mehmud Ghaznavi attacked the ruler of Ismaels in multan Abu Al Fatah because he
helped the ruler of Bharah during the attack on Bharah by Mehmud. So, Mehmud got angry and decided
to capture Multan. The ruler of Multan fought till 7 days but was defeated and was fined 2000 Dirham
per year.

Q24) who formed the Ghazna Empire?

A) The Turks general Alaptigin formed the Ghazna Empire and later on was further modified by
Subuktigin and then Mehmood Ghaznavi.

Q25) for how many years the Empire of Ghazna was Present after Mehmud Ghaznavi?

A) About 150 Years.

Q26) names of the scientific and literary personalities in Mehmud Ghaznavi Court?

A) Their Names are following:-

1) Ferdowsi

2) Othbi

3) Ansari

4) Farrukhi

5) Asdi

6) Manochehre

7) Dakiki

8) Osgadi

9) Behki

10) Hassan Muhamadi

11) Malik ayaz Kabil

Q27) who wrote “kitab ul hind”?

A) Abu Rehan Muhammad ibn ahmed known as Al baruni.

Q28) who was Abu nasar Muhammad Otbi and name the book which he wrote?

A) He was Mehmud Ghaznavis Court Historian, and wrote “Tareekh Yamyeni”

Q29) what was difference between Mehmud Ghaznavi and Muhammad Ghori attacks?

A) The difference is about their aims which is described in the following:-

a) Mehmud Ghaznavi:-

1) Making the empire strong

2) Earn money by capturing different areas in order to improve his empire economy condition

b) Muhammad Ghori:-

1) To expand and make his empire strong

2) Capture the Hindustan

3) To bring muslims in power in the subcontinent.

Q30) how and when the Ghazni Empire came into an end?

A) After the death of Sultan Mehmud Ghaznavi his sons fought for the thrones and many Sultan came
and passed away. In 1173 Muhammad Gohri captured Ghana and in 1186 captured Lahore and Finished
the reign of Ghaznavi Empire in Punjab. It is said that the Ghaznavi Empire came to an end in 1151.

Q31) How Ghoris turned against Ghaznavis?

A) There is an area named Ghor in Afghanistan. During the early 11th Century this area was free, but in
1009 it was captured by Mehmud Ghaznavi. They were abscessed and forced to pay taxes and that why
they turned against Ghaznavis.

Q32) why Muhammad Ghori was afraid after he got defeated in the battle of tarain in 1191?

A) The reason are following:-

1) the conquest of the Hindustan might stop.

2) His Political strength might get weakened.

Q33) what was the strategy of Muhammad Ghori during the second battle of tarain?

A) His strategy is described in the following:-

 He distributed his army into 50 pieces. He hid one of his army
piece in place where they cannot be seen. During the battle they fought according to the plan and at the
end attacked the Rajputs army from behind and defeated them.

Q34) Write the important reasons of success for Muhammad ghori in the conquest of the Hindustan?

A) The reasons are following:-

1) Excellent war preparation

2) Poor local conditions

3) Great war strategy

4) Strong determination.

Q35) where and when was the 1st battle between Muhammad Ghori and Prithvi raj held?

A) Tarain (Located 120 km form Delhi) on 1191.

Q36) where and when was the second battle between Muhammad Ghori and Prithvi raj was held?

A) On 1192, Muhammad Ghori with an army of 1 lakh in Tarain.

Q37) Mehmood ghaznavi and Muhammad Ghori ruled for?

A) Ghori:-

He was assassinated near the bank of the river jehlum, in 1206 and ruled for only 3 years.

.) Mehmood Ghaznavi:-

He died on 1030 and ruled for 32 years.

LONG Q/A: -

Q1) Under what circumstances the Empire of Ghazna was formed?

Describe?
A) The conditions are described in the following:-

1) The Turks: -
 During Abbasi caliph Mamoon ul Rasheed reign (813-833) the Turks were given different
designations. The Turks had relations with the Samanavids. The Caliph also gave some areas to their four
sons where they set up their states.

2) Arrival of Alaptigin:-

In 962, The Ruler of Samnavid Passed away. After his death his brother and his uncle
claimed that they are his successor. Alaptagin was the ruler of kharasan at that time. When Alaptigin
was asked to elect one of them, he elected the uncle but at that time he passed away and his brother
became the ruler. After he became the ruler he demanded for Alaptagin presence but, Alaptagin got
afraid and raised insurgency and captured Ghazna. After ruling for 8 years he passed away and his son
became the ruler but later on he also died.

3) Role of Subuktigin:-

Subuktigin was the son in law of Alaptigin who came into power in Ghazna in 977
after Alaptigin son death. During his last era he added Iran in the empire of Ghazna. He ruled for 20
years and died in 997.

4) Arrival Mehmood Ghaznavi:-

He was only 27 year old when his father Subuktigin passed away. After the
death of his father (who was the ruler of Ghazna) he willed for his another son Ismael to be his
successor. Mehmood was not happy with this decision, but didn’t wanted to go against his father will.
After a while, the brothers fought with each other and Mehmood won and locked away his brother
providing every facility he required and in 998 he became the ruler of Ghazna.

5) Role of Mehmood Ghaznavi:-

He added Sistan in his empire and when Samanvids empire got weaker he
captured half of their empire also and extended the Empire of Ghazna.

Q2) Till 11th century it was considered that the Hindustan is

insurmountable. What was the role of Mehmud Ghaznavi in finishing
this image, Discuss?
A) Before the conquest of the Hindustan by Mehmud Ghaznavi Hindustan was considered
insurmountable whole over the world. The role of Mehmud Ghaznavi in finishing this image is described
in the following: -

1) Capturing of forts: -

Mehmud in 1000 captured some of the forts by attacking border areas passing
through Khyber Pass.
2) Attack on Bharah: -

In 1004 Mehmud attacked Bharah. He faced many problems during the battle but at
the end bharah raja was caught running and was killed and Mehmud won.

3) The conquest of Multan: -

In 1005-1006 Mehmud Ghaznavi attacked the ruler of Ismaels in multan

Abu Al Fatah because he helped the ruler of Bharah during the attack on Bharah by Mehmud. So,
Mehmud got angry and decided to capture Multan. The ruler of Multan fought till 7 days but was
defeated and was fined 2000 Dirham per year.

4) War against raja Jaipal and Anadapal: -

Raja Jaipal was in reign in Punjab. He was against Mehmud Ghaznavi father so
Mehmud attacked him in 1001 as a revenge and won. After the defeat Jaipal committed suicide. Then,
In 1008 Mehmud decided to defeat Anadapal. Both fought very well and the battle last for many day
but, then Mehmud used his machine for throwing hot oil and burned the elephant of Anadapal and his
army was smashed and fully destroyed. The battle at the end lasted for 2 more days and Mehmud finally
won.

5) Battle against Naddar Bhaim: -

In 1010-11 mehmud attacked against Naddar Bhaim. He closed himself

in Margalah Pass and challenged Mehmud for battle. He a tough fight Mehmud won and affiliated
Punjab.

6) Attack on Thanaysar: -

In 1014 Mehmud attacked Thanaysar. The local ruler tried to fight but failed and
Mehmud Captured Thanaysar.

7) Attack on Kashmir: -

In 1015-16 Mehmud attacked Kashmir but failed.

8) Attack on Muthara: -

In 1018 he attacked Muthara. He captured 7 forts near it and earned a lot of fortune.

9) Conquest of Kalkhajar: -

In 1022-23 Mehmud attacked Kalkhajar. After few days of Battle the ruler of
Kalkhajar gave up and Mehmud won and captured Khalkhajar.

10) Conquest of Somnath: -

In 1026 During the attack by Mehmood Ghaznavi in the Hindustan Hindu Brahmans
were in reign. There were many temples with many statues within it and a lot amount of money was
also stored in them. One of the famous temple name was “Somnath”. According to the history of the
Hindustan: -

“The
Somnath temple was located in a fort where there was a heavy amount of fortune. The large bells of the
temple we hung with Golden chains of 200 mann. About Thousands of men for servicing and beautiful
women for dance were recruited from 10000 villages. In order to give the statue of Somnath a bath, the
Ganga water was used”.

11) Conclusion: -

All of these attacks were successful because of the war strategy by Mehmud Ghaznavi.

Q4) Write the Reason for Mehmud Ghaznavi for attacking the
Hindustan?
A) The reasons are following:-

1) Protection of the Empire: -

Mehmud Ghaznavi Empire was weaker than Jaipal at the beginning and Jaipal
was a threat to him so he attacked the Hindustan to make its empire strong and bigger. In order to
protect it.

2) Religious essence: -

If we see the attack by Mehmud we notice that the conditions of Jihad were not fulfilled but in
order to win he kept raising his army spirit. He build Islamic essence in his army which led him to
success.

3) Wealth in temples:-

One of the most important reason was for earning money in order to improve the
Ghaznavi Empire economy conditions. One of the best example is of the Conquest Somnath. He
captured many Hindus temple and obtained a lot amount of money. Accordin to the history of the
Hindustan:-

““The Somnath temple was located in a fort where there was a heavy amount of fortune. The
large bells of the temple we hung with Golden chains of 200 mann. About Thousands of men for
servicing and beautiful women for dance were recruited from 10000 villages. In order to give the statue
of Somnath a bath, the Ganga water was used”.

In 1026 Mehmud was able to capture it and succeeded.

4) Rivalry:-

One of the main reason was his rivalry with the rulers of the Hindustan especially with Jaypal
and Annadapal. As Raja Jaipal was in reign in Punjab. He was against Mehmud Ghaznavi father so
Mehmud attacked him in 1001 as a revenge and won. After the defeat Jaipal committed suicide. Then,
In 1008 Mehmud decided to defeat Anadapal. Both fought very well and the battle last for many day
but, then Mehmud used his machine for throwing hot oil and burned the elephant of Anadapal and his
army was smashed and fully destroyed. The battle at the end lasted for 2 more days and Mehmud finally
won.

Q5) Did Muhammad Ghori or the local condition played an important

role during the conquest of the Hindustan?
A) In 1175 he started attacking the Hindustan.

A) Local Conditions: -

The local conditions played an important role which is described in the following: -

1) Political reason:-

One of the most important reason of defeat is said to be politicas anarchy and
problem between muslim and hindus and there was no unity. The Rajput made their different states and
the rulers there also had no unity and had disputes between each other. Hence, ghori defeated
everyone one by one.

2) Social reasons:-

Due to the system of un-equality in Hindus the lower classes and Buddhist were not
happy with the system and wanted revolution so they accepted their defeat.

3) Religious motive:-

The Muslims Islamic essence was spiritually high and were ready to die but, the
Hindus didn’t had any Religious essence.

4) Superstition:-

The Hindus thought that the Muslims will defeat them and take over the Hindustan so
they stopped trying and gave up.

B) Role of Muhammad Ghori:-

He faced 3 major defeats but stayed strong and didn’t let his Failure over
power him and he faced it bravely and tried even harder and at last he succeeded.
Q6) what were reasons that led Muhammad Ghori to success in the
second battle of Tarian?
A) the second battle of tarain between Ghori and Prithvi raj was held in 1192. The reasons that led Ghori
to success are the following:-

1) Excellent preparation:-

After he lost the 1st battle he trained his army properly and didn’t wear a new
dress for 1 year.

2) War strategy:-

He distributed his army into 50 pieces. He hid one

of his army piece in place where they cannot be seen. During the battle they fought according to the
plan and at the end attacked the Rajputs army from behind and defeated them.

3) Passion for winning:-

When the muslim were passionate about something they are un-stoppable hence the
Rajput were defeated.

4) Strong determination:-

He stayed strong and didn’t let his Failure over power him and he faced it bravely
and tried even harder and at last he succeeded.
Q3) The battles fought by Mehmood Ghaznavi were between Realism
and Poor consumption. Discuss about the success of Mehmood
Ghaznavi attacks?
A) Mehmood Ghaznavi attacked the Hindustan 17 times and succeeded. If we overview about the
attacks we will come to know that not only his war preparation , and realism played an important role in
his success. Due to poor consumption between the rulers of the Hindustan they lost.

1) Bravery:-

Sultan Mehmood was a brave commander. He used to fought in front with his army. During
the battle of Ghamsan he fought with his army at dangerous places. It is said that during different
battles he got 72 wound on his body.

Indeed, he was a bravery and courageous leader.

2) Specialist in Art of warfare:-

Mehmood Ghaznavi was a specialist in Art of warfare. His strategy was

always different in every battle and due to such abilities he was able form his Empire in areas like:- Iraq
to Ganga doab and khuarzam to Kathiyavaar. He defended such large empire from his enemy for 33
years.

3) Management of Army:-

Mehmood Ghaznavi was also famous for his Army management.

For Instance:-

He had many soldier of different race and religion like:- Turk, Afghan, khilji, hindu, and arabi
but no one ever dared to stand against him and were loyal to him. We can say that his Army was loyal to
him because he treated them with kindness.