POLITICAL SCIENCE PAPER-I

Part A

Study Area 1- Western Political Thought:

Plato:

 Critically examine the concept of “Justice” by Plato. (2014)

 Write NOTES on any Two of the following:
(b) Philosopher King (2015)
 “Plato intended to build an institution for scientific study of politics and training of
statesman”. Elaborate. (2012)
 Write short notes on the following:
(i) Platonic and Aristotelian paradigms. (2011)
 Discuss Plato‟s contribution to the History of Political Thought. (2009)
 „Plato intended to build an institution for scientific study of politics and training of
statesman‟. Elaborate. (2008)
 Explain Plato's theory of Justice. How does he try to implement it through his educational
system? (2006)
Aristotle:
 “Aristotle was great but not grateful student of Plato” comment. (2010)
 Aristotle was a REALIST and not an IDEALIST- explain with reference to his theory of
the ends and functions of the state. (2007)
Machiavelli:

 “Is it correct to call Machiavelli citizen of all states and contemporary of all ages?”
Argue. (2010)
 Machiavelli enunciated the philosophy of Art of government for effective discipline and
stability in the state. Analyze and discuss the basis of this philosophy in detail? (2006)

Karl Marx:
  “Equal distribution of wealth”, explain this statement in the light of Marx‟s philosophy.
(2015)
 Write short NOTES on the following:
(b) Marx Theory of Class Struggles (2013)
 Marx‟s historical materialism is the application of dialectical materialism to explain
historical events, processes and developments in society. Elaborate. (2011)
Social Contract Theorists:
 Critically examine the concepts of Hobbes and Locke about „Social Contract.‟ (2015)
 Critically analyze the social contract theory of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. (2013)
 Write short notes on the following:
(i) Rousseau‟s theory of General will. (2012)
 Discuss Locke and Hobbes‟ perspectives on the “State of Nature”. (2011)
 Write note on the following:
(i) Appreciation and criticism of Rousseau‟s theory of General Will.
 Explain the following:
(a) „Life in state of nature was nasty, poor, brutish and short‟ (Hobbes)
(b) „The natural rights of men are life, liberty and property‟ (Locke) (2008)
 Write short notes on the following:
(a) LOCKE was the father of Modern Liberal Democracy- Comment.
(b) Describe the basic features of Rousseau‟s political philosophy. (2007)
Montesquieu:
 Write short NOTES on the following:
(b) Separation of Power (2014)
 Examine Montesquieu‟s theory of separation of powers. Why he has been called Aristotle
of 18th century? Discuss. (2013)
 Examine Montesquieu‟s Theory of Separation of Powers. Why has he been called the
Aristotle of eighteenth century? Discuss? (2009)
 Q7- Write short notes on the following:
ii- Theory of separation of Power
 “Montesquieu with all his faults and irregularities is the father of modern historical
research”. Explain and discuss. (2012)
John Stuart Mill:
 State the grounds on which Mill advocated the freedom of individual‟s conduct. What
limitations did he apply to this freedom? (2008)
Hegel:
 It is said that Hegel's dialectical theory was standing on its head but Marx has reserved it?
Discuss. (2006)
Bentham:
 Q7- Write short notes on the following:
i- Bentham‟s theory of Punishment
 (a) Bentham‟s „Utility‟
Mao:
 Write note on the following
(ii) Mao‟s views on Individualism. (2009)
Focus:
Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Rousseau, Marx.
Notes:
 Plato‟s Political Philosophy, Concept of Justice, Paradigm, Education System, Theory of
Philosopher-King.
 Aristotle‟s Political Philosophy; ends and functions of the state in Aristotle‟s view;
Aristotle as a realist; Difference between Aristotle and Plato‟s political philosophy.
 Machiavelli‟s Political Philosophy.
 Karl Marx‟s Political Philosophy, Theory of Historical Materialism and Theory of Class
Struggles.
 Political Philosophies of Locke, Rousseau and Hobbes, their Social Contract theories,
their perspectives on the „state of nature‟, Rousseau‟s Theory of General Will, Locke as
the father of Modern Liberal Democracy.
 Political Philosophy of Montesquieu, Theory of Separation of Powers and Montesquieu
as father of modern historical research.
 Liberalism of John Stuart Mill
 Hegel‟s Dialectic Theory
 Bentham‟s Theory of Punishment and Utility.
  Mao‟s view on individualism.
Study Area 2- Muslim Political Thought:

Ibn-e-Khaldun:

 Discuss in detail Ibne Khaldun‟s concept of „Asbiyah‟. (2015)

 Write short NOTES on the following:
(a) Ibn Khaldun‟s concept of Asbiyah (2013)
 Write short NOTES on any TWO of the following:
(a) Asabiya (2014)
 Ibn-Khaldun perhaps was the first philosopher to realize the relevant importance of
Economics to politics. Discuss. (2012)
 How far it is true to say that Ibn Khaldun perhaps was the first philosopher to realize the
relevant importance of economics to politics? (2008)
 Discuss the place of Ibn-e-Khaldun in the history of Political Philosophy? (2006)
Al-Farabi:

 Discuss in detail the concept of “Raisul Awwal” by Al-Farabi. (2014)

 Write short notes on the following:
(ii) Al-Farabi‟s theory of state. (2012)
 Write short notes on the following.
(i) Ideal State of Al Farabi (2010)
Iqbal:
 Compare the concepts of Millat & Territorial Nationalism by Iqbal. (2014)
 Discuss Allama Iqbal‟s concept of „Khudi‟. (2013)
 Write short notes on the following:
(ii) Iqbal‟s concept of Millet. (2011)
 Write short notes on the following.
(ii) Iqbal‟s views on Ijtehad (2010)
 Examine the contribution of Allama Iqbal as a philosopher and as a supporter of Muslim
Unity. (2007)
Al-Ghazali:
  Critically appreciate Al-Ghazali‟s theory of Khilafat. (2011)
 Al-Ghazali was the torch-bearer of Muslim Rationalistic Renaissance- analyze the
statement in view of his status as a Mujaddid. (2007)
Al-Mawardi:
 “Al-Mawardi brought constitutional theory of Islam in line with political reality of his
time.” Discuss this with reference to his views on „Khilafat‟ and „Wizarate‟. (2010)
Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi:
 Discuss the Theory of Kingship as propounded by Nizamul-Mulk Tusi. (2009)
Focus:
Ibn-e-Khaldun, Al-Farabi, Iqbal and Al-Ghazali.
Notes:
 Ibn-e-Khaldun‟s Political Philosophy, his concept of „Asabiyah‟ and his study of
relevance of economics and Politics.
 Al-Farabi‟s Political Philosophy, his theory of state and his concept of „Raisul Awwal‟.
 Iqbal‟s Political Philosophy, his concept of millet, views on Ijtehad, his concept of
„Khudi‟, as a supporter of Muslim Unity and comparison of millet with territorial
nationalism.
 Ghazali‟s Political Philosophy, his theory of Khilafat and his status as a Mujaddid.
 Al-Mawardi‟s Political Philosophy and his views on „Khilafat‟ and „Wizarate‟.
 Theory of Kingship of Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi.
Part B

Study Area 3- Political Theory:

Study Sub-Area A- State System

 Define political science. To what extent can one be systematic in a study of the political
process? How “Scientific” is political science? (2012)
 Write short notes on the following:
(i) The nature and emergence of “nation state”. (2011)
Study Sub-Area B- Political Concept

Sovereignty:
  Write short notes on the following:
(i) Attributes of Sovereignty. (2010)
 Discuss in detail the concept of sovereignty and explain its attributes. (2015)
 Sovereignty is the most essential element of statehood- explain with reference to the
difference in the nature of Western and Islamic concepts of Sovereignty. (2007)
Rights and Duties:

 Write notes on any TWO of the following:

(i) Fundamental Rights (2012)
 Write short notes on the following
(ii) Rights and duties are two facets of the same coin. (2011)
 Rights and duties are based on the principal of reciprocity? Explain. (2006)
Liberty:
 Write short NOTES on the following:
(a) Liberty (2014)
 Define and discuss liberty and its safeguards. Enlist the causes of its decline in modern
times also. (2013)
 Define and discuss Liberty and its Safeguards. Enlist the causes of its decline in Modern
times also. (2009)
 „Liberty is described as power to do or enjoy something that is worth doing or enjoying in
common with others.‟ In the light of the above statement, discuss the significance of
liberty in the contemporary societies. (2008)
Study Sub-Area C- Comparative Politics

 Discuss the “Political Culture”. Also its importance. (2014)

Study Sub-Area D- Political Participation

Public Opinion:

 Write short notes on the following:

(ii) Opinion Polls. (2011)
  What are the agencies available for the formation and expression of public opinion? Also
discuss the methods of influencing public opinion. Can public opinion be regarded as the
5th essential element of a modern democratic state? (2006)
 How public opinion is made and how it can be measured. (2015)

Political Parties:

 Define political parties and their functions. In your view, which party system is suitable
for Pakistan‟s political system? (2013)
 Discuss the importance of political parties in a modern state and assess their role as
effective instruments of mobilizing Public Opinion. (2007)

Pressure Groups:

 Write NOTES on any Two of the following:

(c) Pressure group (2015)
 Discuss organization & functions of pressure groups. Point out indicators of its
effectiveness also. (2009)

Elections:

 Write NOTES on any TWO of the following:

(a) Gerrymandering (2014)

Study Sub-Area E- Political Institutions and Role of Government

 Write NOTES on the following:

(a) Independence of Judiciary. (2013)
 Write a comprehensive note on the power of judicial review and its limits in the context
of Pakistan. (2011)

Study Sub-Area F- Forms of Government

Democratic:
  Discuss “Democratic Political System”. How can it bring even change in the society?
(2014)
 What are the prerequisites for the success of democratic Political System? (2011)
Dictatorship:
 Would you agree if it is stated that dictatorship is the only remedy for social, political and
economic instability in a developing country? (2010)
 In what circumstances might a democratic country turn to military dictatorship or
totalitarian rule? (2008)
Federation:
 Write NOTES on the following:
(b) Merits of Federation. (2013)
 Write notes on the following:
(ii) Merits of Federation. (2009)
 (a) What are the essential prerequisites for a successful federal system? (2007)
Parliamentary and Presidential:
 Examine in detail the principal advantages and disadvantages of parliamentary over
presidential forms of government. (2008)
 Discuss the principal advantages and disadvantages of parliamentary over presidential
form of government with special reference to Pakistan. (2012)
Study Sub-Area G- Political Ideologies

Concepts:

 Write short NOTES on any TWO of the following:

(b) Social Justice
(c) Oligarchy (2014)
 Write short notes on the following:
(i) Views of Marx on Socialist revolution.
(ii) Classical Liberalism (2012)
 Write short notes on the following:
(ii) Social Justice (2012)
Islamic Ideology:
  “An Ideal Islamic State is bound to bring revolutionary changes in all spheres of human
life.” Discuss. (2010)
Fascism:
 Write notes on the following:
(i) Principles of Fascism. (2009)
Totalitarianism:
 In what circumstances might a democratic country turn to military dictatorship or
totalitarian rule? (2008)

Study Sub-Area H- Local Self Government

 How local self-government strengthens democracy. Why this system is unable to work
consistently and successfully in Pakistan? (2015)
 (b) Point out the problems and prospects of local self-government in Pakistan. (2007)
Focus:

 Sovereignty, Rights and Duties, Liberty, Political Culture, Public Opinion, Political
Parties, Pressure Groups, Judiciary, Democracy, Dictatorship, Federation, Parliamentary
and Presidential, Social Justice, local self-government with emphasis on Pakistan.

Notes:

 Definition of Political Science and its scope and nature.

 Nature and Emergence of „Nation-State‟.
 Sovereignty, Rights and Duties, Liberty, Political Culture, Public Opinion, Political
Parties, Pressure Groups, Gerry-mandering, Judiciary and Judicial Review,
 Democracy, Dictatorship, Federation, Parliamentary and Presidential, Social Justice,
local self-government with emphasis on Pakistan.
 Fascism, Classical Liberalism, Totalitarianism, Islamic Ideology (Ideal Islamic State),
Oligarchy, Marx‟s view on Socialist Revolution.