Food production

BHAVANIPUR EDUCATION SOCIETY COLLEGE

UID NO~0204180050 ROLL NO~71158750

Introduction

Insuring sufficient food supplies is one of the most

basic challenges facing any human society.
Organized and efficient food production supports
population growth and ultimately the development
of cities and towns,trade,and other essential
elements of human progress.
For many thousands of years people collected their
food from the wild or hunted animals large and
small,wild plant ased foods and fungi were
important staples in the paleothic diet,including
wild ancestors of some species that are widely
cultivated today.ut as population grew and people
pushed into areas less endowed with easily
obtainable food they sought more reliable sources
of nutrition from as early as 11,000 b.c.e
Dawn of civilization

As we know agriculture was a driving force behind

the growth of civilization .farmong probably provide
10to100 time smore calorie per acre,and another
enifits of farming was that agricultrure produce
enough food people aecame free to pursue interests
other than worrying about what they are going to
eat that day.because in hunting they have to search
and then he can hunt the animal so that they have
to struggle daily for food,but farmings makes it easy
those who didn,t need to e farmers took on role as
soldiers,priests adminstrator,artists and scholars.the
shift to agriculture is believed to have occurred
independently in several parts of the world including
northern china,central america,and the fertile
crescent a region in the middle east.
By 500B.C.E agriculture was practised in every major
continent except australia.
Sites where civilization was takes place
IN EURASIA the summerians started to live in
villages from aout 8,000 B,C relying on tigris
andeuphrates river and a canal system for irrigation
ploughs appear in pictograps around 2,300B.C
farmers grew wheat,barley vegetables such as
lentils and onions and fruits including dates grapes
and figs.
EGYPT the civilization of ancient egypt was indebted
to the nile river and its dependable seasonal
flooding. The river’s predictability and the fertile soil
allowed the egyptians to build an empire on the

basis of great agricultural

agricultural wealth.egyptians are credited as being
one of the first groups of people to practice
agriculture on a large scale.this was possile ecause
of the ingenuity of the egyptians as they developed
basin irrigation.their farming practices allowed
them to grow staple food crops,especially grains
such as wheat and arlety,industrial crops,such as
flax and papyrus.
IN INDIA indian agriculture began y 9,000 B.C.E as a
result of early cultivation of plants and, and
domestication of crops and animals.settled life soon
followed with implements and techniques being
developed for agriculture.cattle sheeps and goats
were domesticated in mehrgarh culture by 8,000 to
6,000 B.C cotton was cultivated by the 5th and 4th
millenium B.C. indian products soon reached the
world via existing trading networks and foreign
crops were introduced to india.most of the crops
grown around ancient times in the indus valley to e
monsoon types crops.farmers planted winter
crops,like wheat,barley,peas,lentils,linseed and
mustard.
IN CHINA the development of farming over the
course of china’s history has played a key role in
suporting the growth of what is now the largest
population in the world.analysis of stone tools y
professor LIU LI and others has shown that the
origins of chinese agriculture is rooted in the pre-
agricultural paleolithic.during this time hunter
gatherers harvested wilkd plants with the same
tools that would later e used for millet and rice.
Remains of domesticated millet have found in
modern china at DADIWAN,CISHAN,AND SEVERAL
peiliganj sites.in china there was a nationwide
granary system and widespread silk farming.water
powered grain miles were in use y the 1st century
B.C followed by irrigation.