Test 2 Explanation

KSG: MEMBER’S COPY
TEST – 2
(EXPLANATION & SOURCE)
1. Consider the following statements with Explanation:

respect to the Permanent settlement Statement 1 is incorrect
act: The Intertropical Convergence Zone, or
1. It came into operation in Bengal ITCZ, is a low pressure region that circles
during the last decade of the the Earth, near the equator, where the
eighteenth century. trade winds of the Northern and Southern
2. The Zamindar in this system may Hemispheres come together. The intense
not necessarily be a landowner. sun and warm water of the equator heats the
3. The revenue was proportional to air in the ITCZ, raising its humidity and
the quantity of harvest produced making it buoyant. Seasonal shifts in the
every year. location of the ITCZ drastically affects
rainfall in many equatorial nations, resulting
Which of the statements given above
in the wet and dry seasons of the tropics
is/are correct?
rather than the cold and warm seasons of
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only higher latitudes. Longer term changes in the
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 ITCZ can result in severe droughts or
Explanation: flooding in nearby areas.
Statement 1 is correct Statement 2 is correct
The Permanent Settlement had come into As the Sun shifts towards the tropic of
operation in 1793. cancer, the ITCZ also follows the same
Statement 2 is correct path and moves towards the Northern
After a prolonged debate amongst Company hemisphere in the months of March to
officials, the Permanent Settlement was June.
made with the rajas and taluqdars of Bengal. Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals of
They were classified as zamindars, and they Physical Geography ch- 9)
had to pay the revenue demand that was
fixed in perpetuity. In terms of this 3. Consider the following statements:
definition, the zamindar was not a 1. An animal declared vermin can be
landowner in the village, but a revenue hunted or culled without
Collector of the state. restrictions.
Statement 3 is incorrect 2. The centre can declare any animal
The revenue was invariable, regardless of the listed in the schedule I to V of
harvest, and had to be paid punctually. Wildlife Protection act as vermin.
Source: Which of the statements given above
http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?l is/are correct?
ehs3=1-6 (page no 258, 259 & 260) (a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
2. Consider the following statement about (c) Both 1 and 2
ITCZ (Inter tropical convergence zone):
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
1. ITCZ is a belt of high pressure
Explanation:
where the trade winds of the
Northern and Southern Statement 1 is correct:
Hemisphere converge. Wildlife laws (Wildlife Protection Act-1972)
2. ITCZ usually shifts towards the divide species into ‘schedules’ ranked from
Northern Hemisphere in the I to V. Schedule I members are the best
months of March-June. protected, in theory, with severe
punishments meted out to those who hunt
them. Wild boars, nilgai and rhesus monkeys
is/are correct?
are Schedule II and III members — also
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only protected, but can be hunted under specific
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 conditions. Crows and fruit bat fall in
Schedule 5, the vermin category. Once
declared vermin, a particular species can be
[TEST- 2 EXPLANATION] [ KSG: 011-45552607, 47640303, 0141-4052441, 0755-4077441, 09386337412] Page 1
hunted or culled without restriction. These other resources like raw materials,means of
animals tagged as vermin, in the words of a transport etc.
wildlife conservationist, are ―open season‖ Source: Class 12th NCERT (old) (page no.66
and could become easy game for hunters as and 68)
well as traders in meat.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Section 62 of 5. Consider the following statements
Wildlife Protection Act empowers Centre to about the Jotedars in the 18th century
declare wild animals other than Schedule I & Bengal:
II to be vermin for specified area and period.
1. They were subordinate to the
Source: KSG CURRENT CONNECT, FEB- Zamindars in terms of influence in
2019, PG- 7 the villages.
2. They controlled local trade as well
4. With reference to British Economic as moneylending.
Policies in India from 1600 to 3. They were called haoladars,
1857,consider the following gantidars or mandals.
statements:
1. From 1600 to 1757, the company‘s is/are correct?
role in India was that of a Trading
(a) 1 only
corporation, which exchanged
goods or precious metals with (b) 2 and 3 only
India. (c) 3 only
2. After 1757, company‘s control was (d) 1, 2 and 3
limited only to civil administration. Explanation:
3. The real blow to Indian handicrafts Statement 1 is incorrect
occurred after 1813, when they Within the villages, the power of jotedars was
lost both foreign and Indian more effective than that of zamindars. Unlike
markets. zamindars who often lived in urban areas,
Which of the statements given above jotedars were located in the villages and
is/are correct? exercised direct control over a considerable
(a) 1 only section of poor villagers.
(b) 2 and 3 only Statement 2 is correct
(c) 1 and 3 only In Francis Buchanan‘s survey of the
(d) 3 only Dinajpur district in North Bengal we have a
Explanation: vivid description of this class of rich
Statement 1 is correct. From 1600 to 1757, peasants known as jotedars. By the early
the company‘s role in India was that of a nineteenth century, jotedars had acquired
Trading corporation, which brought bullions vast areas of land – sometimes as much as
into India and exchanged them for Indian several thousand acres. They controlled local
goods like textiles and spices, which it sold trade as well as moneylending, exercising
abroad.
immense power over the poorer cultivators of
Statement 2 is not correct. After 1757 the
the region.
company started controlling not only civil
administration but also revenue and Statement 3 is correct
criminal administrations. This is because it The jotedars were most powerful in North
got Diwani rights after Battle of Buxur in Bengal, although rich peasants and village
1764. Also , various charter acts had been
headmen were emerging as commanding
passed from time to time ,by which they
increased their monopoly in India. figures in the countryside in other parts of
Statement 3 is correct. The real blow to Bengal as well. In some places they were
Indian handicrafts fell after 1813, when they called haoladars, elsewhere they were known
lost both foreign and Indian markets. This as gantidars or mandals.
happened because after charter act of 1813, Source:
East India Company‘s monopoly over Indian http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?l
goods was ended and other British industrial
ehs3=1-6 (page no 261)
classes started giving a stiff competition to
Indian goods both in foreign and domestic
markets. Also they started monopolizing

6. Which of the following is correct wave form. This energy heats up the
regarding the arrangement of layers of atmosphere from below. This process is
atmosphere in ascending order? known as terrestrial radiation. The long wave
(a)Thermosphere>Mesosphere>Stratosp radiation is absorbed by the atmospheric
here>Troposphere>Exosphere gases particularly by carbon dioxide and the
(b)Troposphere>Stratosphere>Exospher other greenhouse gases. Thus, the
e>Mesosphere>Thermosphere atmosphere is indirectly heated by the
earth‘s radiation.
(c)Troposphere>Stratosphere>Mesos
phere>Thermosphere>Exosphere The atmosphere in turn radiates and
transmits heat to the space. Finally the
(d)Troposphere>Mesosphere>Stratosph
amount of heat received from the sun is
ere>Thermosphere>Exosphere
returned to space, thereby maintaining
constant temperature at the earth‘s surface
Explanation:Statement C is correct. and in the atmosphere.
Hence both statements are correct
Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals of
Physical Geography (page no. 76-77)
8. Consider the following statements with

respect to National Commission of
Scheduled Tribes (NCST):
1. It was established as a
constitutional body through the
42nd amendment act.
2. It presents an annual report to the
President regarding the measures
required for effective
implementation of schemes related
to development of STs.
is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Source: NCERT Class-7 geography Explanation:
(chapter-4, page-22).
Statement 1 is incorrect: The National
Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
7. Consider the following statements was established by amending Article 338 and
regarding terrestrial radiation: inserting a new Article 338A in the
1. The insolation received by earth is Constitution through the Constitution (89th
in the form of short waves. Amendment) Act, 2003. By this amendment,
2. The radiations emitted from earth‘s the erstwhile National Commission for
surface is in long wave form. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was
Which of the statements given above replaced by two separate Commissions
is/are correct? namely- (i) the National Commission for
Scheduled Castes (NCSC), and (ii) the NCST
(a) 1 only
Statement 2 is correct: The commission
(b) 2 only
submits its report to the President annually
(c) Both 1 and 2 on the working of safeguards and measures
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 required for effective implementation of
Explanation: Schemes relating to welfare and socio-
The insolation received by the earth is in economic development of STs.
short waves forms and heats up its Source: KSG CURRENT CONNECT, FEB-
surface. The earth after being heated 2019, PG- 12
itself becomes a radiating body and it
radiates energy to the atmosphere in long

9. In context of the revolt of 1857, Modertates failed to get mass support
consider the following pairs: during the national movement and were
Leader Region often criticised on these grounds—failure to
1. Nana Sahib Nagpur define India’s political goals, using mild
and ineffective methods and failure to
2. Kunwar Singh Bihar
make the movement a mass movement.
3. Gonoo Nagaland The Extremists believed in direct political
Which of the pairs given above is/are action and in demanding Swaraj or self-rule
correct? instead of constitutional reforms.
(a) 1 only Source: NIOS Indian Culture and Heritage
(b) 2 and 3 only Page number 74, 75
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 11. Consider the following statements with
Explanation: respect to Deoxyribonucleic acid:
In Kanpur, the sepoys and the people of the 1. It contains all of the information
town made Nana Sahib, the successor to necessary to build and maintain
PeshwaBajiRao II, their leader. an organism.
Kunwar Singh, a local zamindar took 2. It also serves as the primary unit
leadership in Arrah in Bihar. of heredity in organisms of all
Gonoo, a tribal cultivator of Singhbhum in types.
Chotanagpur, became a rebel leader of the Which of the statements given above
Koltribals of the region. is/are correct?
Source:http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textboo (a) 1 only
k.htm?lehs3=2-6 (page no 292) (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
10. With reference to the Indian National (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Movement, which of the following Explanation:
statement(s) is/are correct? Statement 1 is correct: Deoxyribonucleic
1. Congress supported the British in acid, more commonly known as DNA, is a
the 1st World war complex molecule that contains all of the
2. Tilak set up his Home rule league information necessary to build and maintain
at Madras. an organism. All living things have DNA
3. Moderates enjoyed an extensive within their cells. In fact, nearly every cell in
mass base in national movement. a multicellular organism possesses the full
Select the correct answer using the set of DNA required for that organism.
code given below: Statement 2 is correct: DNA does more
(a) 1 only than specify the structure and function of
living things — it also serves as the primary
(b) 2 and 3 only
unit of heredity in organisms of all types. In
(c) 1 and 3 only other words, whenever organisms reproduce,
(d) 1, 2 and 3 a portion of their DNA is passed along to
Explanation: their offspring.
Statement 1 is correct Source:
The First World War broke out in 1914. The https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage
Congress decided to support the British. It /introduction-what-is-dna-6579978
was believed, especially by the Moderates,
that the British would be obliged to grant 12. Consider the following statements
freedom to India after the war. about the Santhals during the British
Statement 2 is incorrect India:
Consequently, two Home Rule Leagues were 1. They were original inhabitants
set up during 1915-16. One was started by groups of Bengal from the
Tilak at Poona and the other by Annie beginning of the medieval period.
Besant at Madras. These Leagues aimed at 2. The Santhalpargana was created
the achievement of Swaraj or self- after the Santhal revolt.
government. 3. They were in a friendly alliance
Statement 3 is incorrect with the Zamindars to fight the
British.
Which of the statements given above 73% of cotton, 69% of oil seeds, and 40% of
is/are correct? rice are produced by Rainfed farmers in the
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only country.
(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Source: KSG CURRENT CONNECT, FEB-
Explanation: 2019, PG- 13
Statement 1 is incorrect
The Santhals had begun to come into Bengal 14. Which of the following factors
around the 1780s. Zamindars hired them to contribute to the formation of soil?
reclaim land and expand cultivation, and 1. Parent material
British officials invited them to settle in the 2. Topography
JangalMahals. 3. Climate
Statement 2 is correct 4. Biological activity
It was after the Santhal Revolt (1855-56) that 5. Time.
the SanthalPargana was created, carving out Select the correct answer using the
5,500 square miles from the districts of code given below:
Bhagalpur and Birbhum. The colonial state
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
hoped that by creating a new territory for the
Santhals and imposing some special laws (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
within it, the Santhals could be conciliated (c) 1, 3 and 5 only
Statement 3 is incorrect (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Santhalswere not in a friendly relation with Explanation:
the Zamindars. Instead by the 1850s, the Five basic factors control the formation of
Santhals felt that the time had come to rebel soils:
against zamindars, moneylenders and the (i) parent material; (ii) topography; (iii)
colonial state, in order to create an ideal climate; (iv) biological activity; (v) time.
world for themselves where they would rule. In fact soil forming factors act in union and
Source: affect the action of one another.
http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?l Parent material is a passive control factor in
ehs3=1-6 (page no 270, 271 & 272) soil formation. Parent materials can be any
in-situ or on-site weathered rock debris
13. Consider the following statements (residual soils) or transported deposits
regarding Agriculture in India: (transported soils). Topography like parent
1. Majority of gross cropped area is materials is anotherpassive control factor.
under rainfed agriculture. The influence of topography is felt through
2. The rainfed areas account for most the amount of exposure of a surface covered
of the millets and pulses by parent materials to sunlight and the
production in India. amount of surface and sub-surface drainage
over and through the parent materials.
3. Two-third of the rice production in
Climate is an important active factor in soil
India is done by rainfed farmers.
formation. The climatic elements involved in
Which of the statements given above soil development are : (i) moisture in terms of
are correct? its intensity, frequency and duration of
(a) 1 and 2 only precipitation - evaporation and humidity; (ii)
(b) 2 and 3 only temperature in terms of seasonal and
(c) 1 and 3 only diurnal variations. The vegetative cover
(d) 1, 2 and 3 and organisms that occupy the parent
materials from the beginning and also at
Explanation:
later stages help in adding organic matter,
Statement 1 is correct: About 61% of moisture retention, nitrogen etc. Time is the
India‘s farmers rely on rainfed agriculture third important controlling factor in soil
and 55% of gross cropped area is under formation. The length of time the soil forming
rainfed agriculture. processes operate, determines maturation of
Statement 2 is correct and Statement 3 is soils and profile development.
incorrect: According to National Rainfed Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
Area Authority (2012), out of 593 districts in of Physical Geography (page no. 49)
India, 499 districts are rainfed. Rainfed areas
contribute significantly to food production –
as high as 89% of millets, 88% of pulses,

15. Consider the following statements: the slopes get cooled and the dense air
1. Bythe end of 19th century, over 90 descends into the valley as the mountain
per cent of cotton in Britain wind. The cool air, of the high plateaus and
wasexported from India. ice fields draining into the valley is called
2. The boom in cotton exports from katabatic wind.
India brought prosperity to only a Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
handful of rich peasants. of Physical Geography (page no. 88)
is/are correct? 17. Which of the following happens on
(a) 1 only 21stjune?
(b) 2 only (a) Sun will be overhead on tropic of
(c) Both 1 and 2 Capricorn
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 (b) Sun will be overhead on tropic of
Cancer
Explanation:
(c) Sun will be overhead onequator
Statement 1 is correct
(d) Sun will be between the equator
When the American Civil War broke out in
and the Tropic of cancer
1861, a wave of panic spread through cotton
circles in Britain. Raw cotton imports from Explanation:
America fell to less than three per cent of the The two solstices happen in June (20 or 21)
normal: from over 2,000,000 bales (of 400 and December (21 or 22). These are the days
lbs each) in 1861 to 55,000 bales in 1862. when the Sun‘s path in the sky is the
While the American crisis continued, cotton farthest north or south from the Equator. A
production in the Bombay Deccan expanded. hemisphere‘s winter solstice is the shortest
Between 1860 and 1864 cotton acreage day of the year and its summer solstice the
doubled. By 1862 over 90 per cent of cotton year‘s longest. In the Northern Hemisphere
imports into Britain were coming from India. the June solstice marks the peak of
Statement 2 is correct summer: this is when the North Pole is
tilted closest to the Sun, and the Sun’s
By 1862 over 90 per cent of cotton imports
rays are directly overhead at the Tropic of
into Britain were coming from India.But
Cancer. The December solstice marks the
these boom years did not bring prosperity to
peak of winter: at this point the South Pole is
all cotton producers. Some rich peasants did
tilted closest to the Sun, and the Sun‘s rays
gain, but for the large majority, cotton
are directly overhead at the Tropic of
expansion meant heavier debt.
Capricorn.
Source:http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textboo
If Earth were not tilted, the Sun would
k.htm?lehs3=1-6 (page no 279, 280 & 281)
always appear to be directly above the
Equator, the amount of light a given location
16. Consider the following statements receives would be fixed, and there would be
regarding mountain and valley breeze: no seasons.
1. Valley breeze flows during the day Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
from valley towards the of Physical Geography (page no. 81)
mountains. https://www.britannica.com/story/whats-
2. Mountain breeze flows during the the-difference-between-a-solstice-and-an-
night from mountains towards equinox
valley.
Which of the statements given above 18. Consider the following statements
is/are correct? about the Subsidiary Alliance:
(a) 1 only 1. This system was devised by Lord
(b) 2 only William Bentinck.
(c) Both 1 and 2 2. In this system, the British took the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 responsibility for protecting their
Explanation: ally from external and internal
In mountainous regions, during the day the threats to their power.
slopes get heated up and air moves upslope 3. This alliance was imposed on
and to fill the resulting gap the air from the Awadh just a year before the revolt
valley blows up the valley. This wind is of 1857.
known as the valley breeze. During the night
Which of the statements given above the course of a Session, the Lok Sabha may
is/are correct? be adjourned from day to day or for more
(a) 1 only than a day. It may also be adjourned sine die
(b) 2 and 3 only which means the termination of a sitting of
the House without any definite date being
(c) 2 only
fixed for its next sitting.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Statement 2 is incorrect: "Prorogation"
Explanation: means the termination of a Session of the
Statement 1 is incorrect House by an order made by the President
Subsidiary Alliance was a system devised by under article 85(2)(a) of the Constitution. The
Lord Wellesley in 1798. Prorogation of the House may take place any
Statement 2 is correct time, even while the House is sitting.
All those who entered into such an alliance However, usually, prorogation follows the
with the British had to accept certain terms adjournment of the sitting of the House sine
and conditions: die.
(a) The British would be responsible for Source: KSG CURRENT CONNECT, FEB-
protecting their ally from external and 2019, PG- 17
internal threats to their power.
(b) In the territory of the ally, a British 20. Which of the following agricultural
armed contingent would be stationed. commodities were in great demand in
(c) The ally would have to provide the European markets, prior to colonial
resources for maintaining this era?
contingent. 1. Cotton
(d) The ally could enter into agreements 2. Cardamom
with other rulers or engage in warfare 3. Silk
only with the permission of the British. 4. Cloves
Statement 3 is incorrect Select the correct answer using the
The Subsidiary Alliance had been imposed code given below:
on Awadh in 1801. (a) 1 and 2 only
Source: (b) 2 and 4 only
http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?l (c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation:
19. Consider the following statement with
The fine qualities of cotton and silk had a big
respect to the Parliamentary processes:
market in Europe. Pepper,cloves,
1. Adjournment sine die is the cardamom and cinnamon too were in great
termination of a sitting of the demands.
house without any definite date
Source: class 8thNCERT(new)(page no. 10)
being fixed for the next sitting.
2. Prorogation is the termination of a
session of the house and it can be 21. Consider the following statements
done only by the speaker. about the Summary Settlement:
Which of the statements given above 1. It was implemented by the British
is/are correct? after the annexation of Awadh.
(a) 1 only 2. It upholded the position and the
authority of the taluqdars.
(b) 2 only
3. This policy aided in increasing the
(c) Both 1 and 2
revenue returns for the state.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation: is/are correct?
Statement 1 is correct: Adjournment sine (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only
die -Termination of a sitting of the House
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
without any definite date being fixed for the
next sitting. "Adjournment" is a Explanation:
postponement of the sitting or proceedings of Statement 1 is correct: After annexation of
the House from one time to another specified Awadh, the first British revenue settlement,
for the reassembling of the House. During known as the Summary Settlement of 1856,

was based on the assumption that the Explanation:
taluqdars were interlopers with no The easterlies from either side of the
permanent stakes in land: they had equator converge in the Inter Tropical
established their hold over land through Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Such
force and fraud. circulations from the surface upwards and
Statement 2 is incorrect: The Summary vice-versa are called cells. Such a cell in
Settlement proceeded to remove the the tropics is called Hadley Cell. In the
taluqdars wherever possible. In pre-British middle latitudes the circulation is that of
times, taluqdars had held 67 per cent of the sinking cold air that comes from the poles
total number of villages in Awadh; by the and the rising warm air that blows from the
Summary Settlement this number had come subtropical high.
down to 38 per cent. The taluqdars of At the surface these winds are called
southern Awadh were the hardest hit and westerlies and the cell is known as the Ferrel
some lost more than half of the total number cell. At polar latitudes the cold dense air
of villages they had previously held. subsides near the poles and blows towards
Statement 3 is correct:British land revenue middle latitudes as the polar easterlies. This
officers believed that by removing taluqdars cell is called the polar cell. These three cells
they would be able to settle the land with the set the pattern for the general circulation of
actual owners of the soil and thus reduce the the atmosphere.
level of exploitation of peasants while Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
increasing revenue returns for the state. But of Physical Geography (page no. 88)
this did not happen in practice: revenue
flows for the state increased but the burden
24. ‗Swachh Shakti‘ was recently seen in
of demand on the peasants did not decline.
the news. It is:
(a) A naval exercise to curb marine
k.htm?lehs3=2-6 (page no 298)
pollution in Indian Ocean
(b) A national event to emphasize
22. What is the correct chronological order women role in Swacch Bharat
of the following events in terms of Mission
Indian National Movement?
(c) Electricity produced from urban
1. Khilafat Movement waste
2. Nehru report (d) Event for promotion of indigenous
3. Champaran Satyagraha renewable technologies
4. JallianwalaBagh massacre Explanation:
Select the correct answer using the Swachh Shakti-2019 is a national event
code given below: which aims to bring in to focus the
(a) 1-2-3-4 (b) 2-3-4-1 leadership role played by rural women in
(c) 3-4-1-2 (d) 4-1-2-3 Swachh Bharat Mission. Women Sarpanches
Explanation: and Panches from all over the country will be
attending the event. Ministry of Drinking
Champaran Satyagraha- 1917
Water and Sanitation in association with the
JallianwalaBagh Massacre- April 13, 1919 Govt. of Haryana is organizing the Swachh
Khilafat Movement- November,1919 Shakti-2019.
Nehru Report- 1928 Source: KSG CURRENT CONNECT, FEB-
Source: NIOS Indian Culture and Heritage 2019, PG- 17
Page number 76
25. Consider the following statements
23. A Hadley cell is formed immediately about insolation:
between: 1. Rotation of earth on its axis
(a) ITCZ and sub-tropical high 2. Angle of inclination of the sun‘s
pressure region rays
(b) Sub-tropical high pressure region 3. Length of the day
and sub polar low pressure region 4. Transparency of the atmosphere
(c) Sub polar low pressure region and 5. Configuration of land in terms of
polar high pressure region its aspect.
(d) ITCZ and polar high pressure
region
Which of the above have an impact on Source: Class 8TH NCERT (New)
the insolation received by the earth?
(a) 1 and 2 only 27. Consider the following statements
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only about dew:
(c) 2, 3, 4 and 5 only 1. Clear sky
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 2. Calm air
Explanation: 3. High relative humidity
The energy received by the earth is known as 4. Warm and long nights
incoming solar radiation which in short is Which of the above is ideal condition
termed as insolation. As the earth is a geoid for formation of dew?
resembling a sphere, the sun‘s rays fall (a) 1, 2 and 3 only
obliquely at the top of the atmosphere and
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
the earth intercepts a very small portion of
the sun‘s energy. The solar output received (c) 1, 3 and 4 only
at the top of the atmosphere varies slightly in (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
a year due to the variations in the distance Explanation:
between the earth and the sun. When the moisture is deposited in the form
The amount and the intensity of of water droplets on cooler surfaces of solid
insolation vary during a day, in a season objects (rather than nuclei in air above the
and in a year. The factors that cause surface) such as stones, grass blades and
these variations in insolation are the plant leaves, it is known as dew. The ideal
rotation of earth on its axis, the angle of conditions for its formation are clear sky,
inclination of the sun’s rays, the length of calm air, high relative humidity, and cold
the day, the transparency of the and long nights. For the formation of dew, it
atmosphere, the configuration of land in is necessary that the dew point is above the
terms of its aspect. freezing point.
The last two however, have less influence. Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
The fact that the earth‘s axis makes an angle of Physical Geography (page no. 95)
of 66½ with the plane of its orbit round the
sun has a greater influence on the amount of 28. Consider the following events:
insolation received at different latitudes. The
1. Setting up of the Portuguese
second factor that determines the amount of
commercial company in Panaji.
insolation received is the angle of inclination
of the rays. This depends on the latitude of a 2. Setting up of the Dutch
place. The higher the latitude the less is the commercial company in
angle they make with the surface of the earth Masulipatnam.
resulting in slant sun rays. 3. Setting up of the British
Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals of commercial company in Madras.
Physical Geography (page no. 75-76) 4. Setting up of the French
commercial company in
Pondicherry.
26. Consider the following wars:
Which of the following is the correct
1. Second Anglo-Maratha War
chronological sequence of the above
2. Anglo-Sind war events?
3. Third Anglo-Mysore War (a) 1-2-3-4
4. First Anglo-Afghanistan War (b) 3-2-1-4
What is the correct chronological order (c) 1-4-2-3
of these wars?
(d) 4-1-2-3
(a) 1-2-3-4
Explanation:
(b) 3-1-4-2
The European commercial Companies had
(c) 3-4-1-2 set up base in different places early during
(d) 1-3-4-2 the Mughal era: the Portuguese in Panaji in
Explanation: 1510, the Dutch in Masulipatnam in 1605,
Third Anglo-Mysore war (1790-1792) the British in Madras in 1639 and the
Second Anglo-Maratha war (1803-1805) French in Pondicherry (present-day
Puducherry) in 1673.
First Anglo-Afghanistan war (1838-1842)
Anglo-Sind war (1843)
Source:http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textboo Select the correct answer using the
k.htm?lehs3=3-6 (page no 319) code given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
29. Consider the following statement with (b) 4 and 5 only
respect to PradhanMantriShram Yogi (c) 1, 2 and 5 only
Maan-dhan Scheme: (d) 2 and 3 only
1. It is a pension scheme for Explanation: Doctrine of Lapse was
unorganized sector workers. introduced by Lord Dalhousie in 1848. The
2. It has been rolled by Ministry of doctrine declared that if an Indian ruler died
Social Justice and Empowerment. without a male heir his kingdom would
3. The scheme can be availed by all ―lapse‖, that is, become part of Company
the workers in the unorganized territory. One kingdom after another was
sector without any restrictions. annexed simply by applying this doctrine:
Which of the statements given above Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1850), Udaipur
is/are correct? (1852), Nagpur (1853) and Jhansi (1854).
(a) 1 only Hyderabad lost its sovereignty after signing
―Subsidiary Alliance Treaty‖.Finally, in 1856,
(b) 2 and 3 only
the Company also took over Awadh. This
(c) 1 and 3 only time the British had an added argument –
(d) 1, 2 and 3 they said they were ―obliged by duty‖ to take
Explanation: over Awadh in order to free the people from
Statement 1 is correct: Government of the ―misgovernment‖ of the Nawab! Enraged
India has introduced a pension scheme for by the humiliating way in which the Nawab
unorganised sector namely was deposed, the people of Awadh joined the
PradhanMantriShram Yogi Maan-dhan great revolt that broke out in 1857.
Scheme (PM-SYM) to ensure old age Source: Class 8thNCERT(New),(page no.19)
protection for Unorganised Workers.
Statement 2 is incorrect: It was rolled out 31. Consider the following statements:
by the Ministry of Labour and Employment 1. These clouds are black or dark
recently. grey. They form at middle levels or
Statement 3 is incorrect: There are some very near to the surface of the
restrictions on the eligibility of the workers earth.
for this scheme: 2. These are extremely dense and
1. This Scheme shall be open only to the opaque to the rays of the sun.
unorganised worker whose monthly 3. These clouds are shapeless masses
income is not exceeding Rs 15,000 of thick vapour.
having a savings bank account and
Identify the type of cloud from the
Aadhaar number.
above characteristics:
2. Those workers should not be covered
(a) Cirrus clouds
under New Pension Scheme (NPS),
Employees‘ State Insurance Corporation (b) Cumulus clouds
(ESIC) scheme or Employees‘ Provident (c) Stratus clouds
Fund Organisation (EPFO). (d) Nimbus clouds
3. He or she should not be an income tax Explanation:
payer. The clouds in question are Nimbus clouds.
Source: KSG CURRENT CONNECT, FEB- Nimbus clouds are clouds that produce
2019, PG- 29 precipitation that reach the ground in the
form of rain, snow or hail. There are two
30. Which of the following places had been types of clouds, namely, cumulonimbus
annexed under‖ Doctrine Of Lapse‖, (cumulus clouds) and nimbostratus
introduced by Lord Dalhousie? (stratus clouds). Nimbus clouds are black
or dark gray. They form at middle levels
1. Sambhalpur
or very near to the surface of the earth.
2. Udaipur These are extremely dense and opaque to
3. Nagpur the rays of the sun. Sometimes, the
4. Hyderabad clouds are so low that they seem to touch
5. Awadh the ground. Nimbus clouds are shapeless
masses of thick vapour.
Cirrus clouds are formed at high altitudes Explanation:
(8,000 - 12,000m). They are thin and James Mill wrote the book ,‖A History Of
detached clouds having a feathery British India‖ in 1817,in which he divided
appearance. They are always white in colour. the Indian history into three periods viz
Cumulus clouds look like cotton wool. They ;Hindu ,Muslim and British. He was of the
are generally formed at a height of 4,000 - opinion that all Asian societies were at lower
7,000 m. They exist in patches and can be level of civilization as compared to
seen scattered here and there. They have a Europeans. So, he felt that British should
flat base. colonise India to make it civilized.TheHistory,
Stratuscloudsare layered cloudscovering his major literary achievement, was the first
large portions of the sky. These cloudsare full historical treatment of the British
generally formed either due to loss of heator conquest of India. Mill harshly criticized the
the mixing of air masses with different British administration of India, and during
temperatures. his 17 years with the India House he helped
Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals completely reform the system of government
of Physical Geography (page no. 95) in the colony.
Source: Class 8th NCERT (New)(page no.3)
32. Which of the following pairs are
correctly matched? 34. Consider the following:
Area Newspaper 1. Mountain building through severe
1. Bengal The Amrita Bazar folding
Patrika 2. Uplift or warping of large parts of
2. Punjab Akhbar Am the earth‘s crust
3. Madras Kohinoor 3. Earthquakes involving local
relatively minor movements
4. Bombay The Tribune
4. Plate tectonics involving horizontal
Select the correct answer using the
movements of crustal plates
code given below:
Which of the above processes
(a) 1 and 2 only
constitute diastrophism?
(b) 1 and 4 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2,3 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
Explanation:
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Bengal- The Hindoo Patriot, The Amrita
Explanation:
Bazar Patrika
All processes that move, elevate or build up
Bombay- Maharatha(English),
portions of the earth‘s crust come under
Kesari(Marathi)
diastrophism. They include:
Madras- The Hindu, Swadeshmitram
(i) Orogenic processes involving mountain
Punjab- The Tribune, Kohinoor, Akhbar Am building through severe folding and
Source: NIOS Indian Culture and Heritage affecting long and narrow belts of the
Page number 74 earth‘s crust;
(ii) Epeirogenic processes involving uplift
33. He wrote a book titled ―A History Of or warping of large parts of the earth‘s
British India‖ ,in which he divided the crust;
Indian history into three periods viz; (iii) Earthquakes involving local relatively
Hindu ,Muslim and British .He thought minor movements;
that all Asian societies were at a lower (iv) Plate tectonics involving horizontal
level of civilization than Europe and felt movements of crustal plates.
that British rule could civilize India.
In the process of orogeny, the crust is
Which of the following personality has severely deformed into folds. Due to
been discussed above? epeirogeny, there may be simple
(a) James Mill deformation. Orogeny is a mountain building
(b) A.O Hume process whereas epeirogeny is continental
(c) DadabhaiNaoroji building process. Through the processes of
(d) Charles Grant orogeny, epeirogeny, earthquakes and plate
tectonics, there can be faulting and

fracturing of the crust. All these processes (b) 1 and 3 only
cause pressure, volume and temperature (c) 2 and 3 only
(PVT) changes which in turn induce (d) None of the above
metamorphism of rocks.
Explanation:
During its revolution around the sun, the
Physical Geography (page no. 46)
earth is farthest from the sun (152
millionkm) on 4th
35. Consider the following statements with July. This position of the earth is called
respect to Asiatic Lions: aphelion. On 3rd January, the earth is the
1. It is found only in India. nearest to
2. It has been enlisted as endangered the sun (147 million km). This position is
in the IUCN red list. called perihelion. Therefore, the annual
3. It is generally sighted in the insolation received by the earth on 3rd
mangroves of Eastern Indian January is slightly more than the amount
coast. received on 4th July.
Which of the statements given above Albedo is the amount of solar radiation
are correct? reflected from an object or surface, usually
(a) 1 and 2 only expressed as a percentage. Albedo is the
(b) 2 and 3 only fraction of solar energy that is reflected from
the Earth into space.
(c) 1 and 3 only
Annual range is the difference between the
(d) 1, 2 and 3
mean temperature of the warmest and the
Explanation: coldest
Statement 1 is correct while statement 3 Months. Annual range is highest in Polar
is incorrect: Nearly all wild lions live in sub- Regions and lowest in the equatorial regions.
Saharan Africa, but one small population of
Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
Asiatic lions exists in India's Gir Forest.
of Physical Geography chapter no. 9
Asiatic lions once prowled from the Middle
East to India. Now, only a fraction of these
magnificent animals survive in the wild. They 37. Which of the following pairs are
are found in Gir forest, not the eastern coast incorrectly matched?
mangroves. Author Work
Statement 2 is correct: They are listed in 1. BankimChandra Anandmath
Schedule I of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, 2. Dinbandhu Bharat
in Appendix I of CITES and as Endangered Mitra Durdasha
on IUCN Red List.
3. BhartenduHarish Neeldarpan
Source: KSG CURRENT CONNECT, FEB-
Chandra
2019, PG- 48
Select the answer using the code given
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/anima
below:
ls/mammals/a/asiatic-lion/
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
36. Which of the following pairs is/are
correctly matched? (c) 1 and 3 only
1. Aphelion : The position of (d) 1, 2 and 3
Earth, closest to Explanation:
the sun In 1798, lithography was invented. Since
the new printing presses were not costly,
2. Albedo : The amount of their number grew at a fast pace. This, in
insolation refracted at the surface turn, encouraged a large number of writers
to produce literature in different Indian
3. Perihelion : The position of
languages. Although the total number of
Earth, farthest
readers of newspapers was small as
from sun
compared to their
number in the European countries, a whole
Select the correct answer using the new set of national literature in the form of
code given below: novels, essays and poems played a
(a) 1 only significant role in generating nationalism.
Bankim Chandra’s Anandamatha,
DinabandhuMitra’sNeeldarpan, Bhartendu Select the correct answer using the
Harish Chandra’s Bharat Durdasha, code given below:
LakshminathBezbarua‘s works in Assamese, (a) 1 and 4 only
SubramaniamBharti‘s writing. (b) 1, 2 and 5 only
Source: NIOS Indian Culture and Heritage (c) 1 and 3 only
Page number 73
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
Temperature inversion refers to the
about the Salt march of Mahatma
phenomenon of increasing temperature
Gandhi:
with increasing height. Inversions play an
1. It was the first nationalist activity important role in
in which women participated in determining cloud forms, precipitation, and
large numbers. visibility. An inversion acts as a cap on the
2. It led the British to think of upward movement of air from the layers
devolving some power to the below. As a result, convection produced by
Indians. the heating of air from below is limited to
3. Fearing its popularity, the levels below the inversion. Diffusion of dust,
International press decided not to smoke, and other air pollutants is likewise
cover this movement. limited. Because air near the base of an
Which of the statements given above inversion tends to be cool, fog is frequently
is/are correct? present there.
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only Inversions also affect diurnal variations in
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 air temperature. The principal heating of air
during the day is produced by its contact
Explanation:
with a land surface that has been heated by
Statement 1 is correct the Sun‘s radiation.
It was the first nationalist activity in which Temperature inversion occurs in
women participated in large numbers. The Stratosphere due to presence of ozone which
socialist activist KamaladeviChattopadhyay absorbs the ultra violet radiations of the sun
had persuaded Gandhiji not to restrict the and hence heats the atmosphere. Whereas,
protests to men alone. Kamaladevi was the temperature inversion in thermosphere
herself one of numerous women who courted occurs due to presence of ionosphere whose
arrest by breaking the salt or liquor laws. ions cause the temperature to increase with
Statement 2 is correct height.
Most significant, it was the Salt March which Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
forced upon the British the realisation that of Physical Geography (page no. 73)
their Raj would not last forever, and that
they would have to devolve some power to
40. Consider the following statements with
the Indians.
respect to Indian Ocean Rim
Statement 3 is incorrect Association:
It was this event that first brought Mahatma 1. It is an intergovernmental
Gandhi to world attention. The march was organization which promotes
widely covered by the European and sustained growth and balanced
American press. development within Indian Ocean
Source: region.
http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?l 2. India and Pakistan both are
ehs3=4-6 (page no 360) members of this organisation.
39. Temperature inversion takes place in is/are correct?
which of the following layers of (a) 1 only (b) 2 only
atmosphere?
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
1. Stratosphere
Explanation:
2. Troposphere
Statement 1 is correct:
3. Thermosphere
Indian Ocean Rim Association is an inter-
4. Mesosphere governmental organisation which was
5. Exosphere established in 1997, and has many
disaster-prone countries among its 22
members and nine dialogue partners. 42. Consider the following pairs:
Promoting sustained growth and balanced 1. Lord Set up Fort William
development within the Indian Ocean region, Warren college at Calcutta
IORA strengthens cooperation and dialogue Hastings
with Member States.
2. Lord brought reforms in
Statement 2 is incorrect: India, Australia,
Cornwallis civil services
Iran IR, Indonesia Thailand, Malaysia, South
Africa, Mozambique, Kenya, Sri Lanka, 3. Lord raised the status of
Tanzania, Bangladesh, Singapore, Mauritius, Bentinck Indians in judicial
Madagascar, UAE, Yemen, Seychelles, service
Somalia, Comoros and Oman are members of Which of the pairs given above is/are
IORA. Pakistan is not a member. matched correctly?
Source: KSG CURRENT CONNECT, FEB- (a) 1 only
2019, PG- 48 (b) 1 and 3 only
https://www.mea.gov.in/in-focus- (c) 2 and 3 only
article.htm?20707/Indian
(d) 1, 2 and 3
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx
Explanation:
?relid=183973
Pair 1 is not correct. In 1800, Lord
Wellesley established the college of Fort
41. What does the term ―moraine‖ refer to? William at Calcutta.
(a) They are deep, long and wide Pair 2 is correct. Lord Cornwallis brought
troughs or basins with very steep reforms in civil services in India.
concave to vertically dropping high
Pair 3 is correct.Lord Bentinck raised the
walls at its head as well as sides
status of Indians in judicial service.
formed by glaciers
Source: Class 12th NCERT (old) (page no. 81
(b) Very deep glacial troughs filled
and 84)
with sea water and making up
shorelines.
(c) Marine deposits with abundance of 43. Consider the following statements with
mineral wealth respect to Gene Editing:
(d) They are long ridges of deposits 1. It is the ability to make highly
of glacial till. specific changes in the DNA
sequence of a living organism.
Explanation:
2. CRISPR is used to cut the DNA
Moraines are long ridges of deposits of
segment while Cas9 allows the
glacial till. Terminal moraines are long
bacteria to remember the viruses.
ridges of debris deposited at the end (toe) of
the glaciers. Lateral moraines form along Which of the statements given above
the sides parallel to the glacial valleys. The is/are correct?
lateral moraines may join a terminal moraine (a) 1 only
forming a horse-shoe shaped ridge. There (b) 2 only
can be many lateral moraines on either side (c) Both 1 and 2
in a glacial valley. These moraines partly or (d) Neither 1 nor 2
fully owe their origin to glacio-fluvial waters
Explanation:
pushing up materials to the sides of glaciers.
Many valley glaciers retreating rapidly leave Statement 1 is correct: Gene editing, the
an irregular sheet of till over their valley ability to make highly specific changes in the
floors. Such deposits varying greatly in DNA sequence of a living organism,
thickness and in surface topography are essentially customizing its genetic makeup.
called ground moraines. The moraine in the Gene editing is performed using enzymes,
centre of the glacial valley flanked by lateral particularly nucleases that have been
moraines is called medial moraine. They are engineered to target a specific DNA
imperfectly formed as compared to lateral sequence, where they introduce cuts into the
moraines. Sometimes medial moraines are DNA strands, enabling the removal of
indistinguishable from ground moraines. existing DNA and the insertion of
replacement DNA.
Physical Geography (page no. 64) Statement 2 is incorrect: CRISPR-Cas9
was adapted from a naturally occurring
genome editing system in bacteria. The

bacteria capture snippets of DNA from (d) A tax on Shell companies located
invading viruses and use them to create DNA in the tax havens.
segments known as CRISPR arrays. The Explanation:
CRISPR arrays allow the bacteria to France plans to introduce its own tax on
"remember" the viruses (or closely related large internet and technology companies.
ones). If the viruses attack again, the ―GAFA tax" -- named after Google, Apple,
bacteria produce RNA segments from the Facebook and Amazon -- to ensure the
CRISPR arrays to target the viruses' DNA. global giants pay a fair share of taxes on
The bacteria then use Cas9 or a similar their massive business operations in Europe.
enzyme to cut the DNA apart, which disables
Source: KSG CURRENT CONNECT, FEB-
the virus.
2019, PG- 35
Source:https://www.britannica.com/science
/gene-editing
46. Recently ‗Helina‘ was seen in the news.
https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicres
It is:
earch/genomeediting
(a) It is a new scorpion class
submarine inducted in the Indian
44. Karst topography refers to: Navy.
(a) A depositional landform formed (b) It is a new air defense system to
due to movement of glaciers. guard the cities of national
(b) A crescent shaped shifting sand importance.
dunes formed in deserts. (c) It is a helicopter launched
(c) Any limestone or dolomitic version of Nag-Anti tank guided
region landforms formed by the missile
action of groundwater. (d) None of the above
(d) An erosional landform formed by a Explanation:
young river.
Helina, the helicopter-launched version of
Explanation: the Nag anti-tank guided missile with a hit
In rocks like limestones or dolomites rich in range of 7-8 km, was launched from an Army
calcium carbonate, the surface water as well chopper. The weapon system was tested for
as groundwater through the chemical its full range at 12.55 pm near the Integrated
process of solution and precipitation Test Range in Chandipur in Balasore district.
deposition develop varieties of landforms. Developed by the Defence Research and
These two processes of solution and Development Organisation (DRDO), it is one
precipitation are active in limestones or of the most-advanced anti-tank weapons in
dolomites occurring either exclusively or the world. It is guided by an infrared imaging
interbedded with other rocks. Any seeker (IIR) operating in the lock-on-before-
limestone or dolomitic region showing launch mode and helps in further
typical landforms produced by the action strengthening the defence capabilities of the
of groundwater through the processes of country.
solution and deposition is called Karst Source:https://www.ksgindia.com/index.ph
topography after the typical topography p/study-material/news-for-
developed in limestone rocks of Karst aspirants/18856-helina-test-fired
region in the Balkans adjacent to Adriatic
Sea.
The karst topography is also characterised
about salinity of ocean water:
by erosional and depositional landforms.
1. Salinity is lower in equatorial and
tropical regions as compared to
of Physical Geography (page no. 60)
temperate and polar regions.
2. Salinity of closed seas and lakes is
45. Recently GAFA tax was seen in the higher than open seas and lakes.
news. It is:
(a) A tax to curb the environmental is/are correct?
pollution
(a) 1 only
(b) A tax to limit the production of
(b) 2 only
microplastics
(c) Both 1 and 2
(c) A tax on large internet and
technology companies (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation: important fact about S-waves is that they
Statement 1 is correct can travel only through solid materials.
All waters in nature, whether rain water or Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
ocean water, contain dissolved mineral salts. of Physical Geography (page no. 23)
Salinity is the term used to define the total
content of dissolved salts in sea water. It is 49. Consider the following statements:
calculated as the amount of salt (in gm) 1. Equatorial low pressure belts are
dissolved in 1,000 gm (1 kg) of seawater. It is also known as Doldrums and sub-
usually expressed as parts per thousand tropical high pressure belts are
(o/oo) or ppt. The salinity of water in the known as Horse latitude.
surface layer of oceans depend mainly on 2. Prevailing westerlies blows
evaporation and precipitation. Surface between equatorial low pressure
salinity is greatly influenced in coastal belts and sub-tropical high
regions by the fresh water flow from rivers, pressure belts.
and in Polar Regions by the processes of
3. Trade winds blows between sub-
freezing and thawing of ice. Equatorial and
tropical high pressure belts and
tropical regions receive regular rainfall
sub-polar low pressure belts.
and hence flow of freshwater is regular
due to which their salinity level is lower Which of the statements given above
than polar and temperate regions. is/are correct?
Statement 2 is correct (a) 1 only
Closed seas do not have constant inflow of (b) 1 and 2 only
fresh water due to which their salinity is (c) 2 and 3 only
higher whereas, open seas are in contact (d) 1, 2 and 3.
with oceans and their salinity is Explanation:
redistributed by Ocean currents which is Statement 1 is correct:Equatorial low
why they have less salinity. pressure belts are also known as Doldrums
Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals of and sub-tropical high pressure belts are
Physical Geography (page no. 112) known as Horse latitude.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Prevailing
48. Consider the following statements westerlies blows between sub-tropical high
about P and S waves: pressure belts and sub-polar low pressure
1. P waves, also known as primary belts.
waves can travel through all solid, Statement 3 is incorrect: Trade winds
liquid and gaseous mediums blows between equatorial low pressure belt
2. S waves, also known as secondary and sub-tropical high pressure belts.
waves can travel through only Source: NCERT Class-7 geography (Chapter-
solid medium. 4, page-25).
is/are incorrect ? 50. With reference to struggle for Swaraj,
(a) 1 only during the early 20th century, consider
(b) 2 only the following statements:
(c) Both 1 and 2 1. Congress –Khilafat Swaraj party
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 was formed in early 1920s, with
C.R Das as President.
Explanation:
2. A group of ‗responsivist‘within this
Statement 1 is correct
party including Madan Mohan
There are two types of body waves. They are Malviya, were staunch supporters
called P and S-waves. P-waves move faster of the swaraj party in all cases.
and are the first to arrive at the surface.
These are also called ‗primary waves‘. The P-
is/are correct?
waves are similar to sound waves. They
travel through gaseous, liquid and solid (a) 1 only
materials. (b) 2 only
Statement 2 is correct (c) Both 1 and 2
S-waves arrive at the surface with some time (d) Neither 1 nor 2
lag. These are called secondary waves. An Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct. Congress- cells also have the ability to change into
Khilafat Swaraj party was formed in 1922, specialized cells.
with C.R Das as President and Motilal  Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS):
Nehru as secretary. It was to function as a iPSC are derived from skin or blood cells
group within the Congress. It advocated the that have been reprogrammed back into
Council entry programme, whereby the an embryonic-like pluripotent state that
leaders decided to fight the coming elections enables the development of an unlimited
to ultimately achieve Swaraj. source of any type of human cell needed
for therapeutic purposes.
Statement 2 is incorrect: A group of Source: KSG CURRENT CONNECT, FEB-
‗responsivist‘, including Madan Mohan 2019, PG- 63
Malviya, LalaLajpatRai and N.C Kelkar,
offered coorperation to the government, not
the party, so that the so-called Hindu 52. Kyoto Protocol, proclaimed in 1997 is
interests might be safeguarded. associated with:
(a) Revival of Ozone layer
Source: Class 12th NCERT (old) (page no. (b) Reducing the emission of
236) Greenhouse gases
(c) Solid waste management
(d) Phasing out the use ofPOPs
51. Consider the following statements with Explanation:
respect to Stem Cells:
International efforts have been initiated
1. It can be used to regenerate new for reducing the emission of GHGs into
tissues with specialized functions. the atmosphere. The most important one
2. Induced Pluripotent stem cells is the Kyoto protocol proclaimed in 1997.
have very limited applications and This protocol went into effect in 2005,
can generate only a few types of ratified by 141 nations. Kyoto protocol
tissues. bounds the 35 industrialised countries to
Which of the statements given above reduce their emissions by the year 2012 to 5
is/are correct? per cent less than the levels prevalent in the
(a) 1 only year 1990.
(b) 2 only Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
(c) Both 1 and 2 of Physical Geography (page no. 104)
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation: 53. Consider the following statements with
respect to Indigo Cultivation in India
Statement 1 is correct:
during British rule:
Stem cells can be guided into becoming
1. There were two main systems of
specific cells that can be used to regenerate
indigo cultivation – nij and ryoti.
and repair diseased or damaged tissues in
people. 2. Under ryoti system, the entire
expenditure of cultivation was
Statement 2 is incorrect:
borne byryots.
 Embryonic stem cells: These stem cells
come from embryos that are three to five
is/are correct?
days old. At this stage, an embryo is
called a blastocyst and has about 150 (a) 1 only
cells. (b) 2 only
 Adult stem cells: These stem cells are (c) Both 1 and 2
found in small numbers in most adult (d) Neither 1 nor 2
tissues, such as bone marrow or fat. Explanation:
Compared with embryonic stem cells, Statement 1 is correct while statement 2
adult stem cells have a more limited is incorrect: There were two main systems
ability to give rise to various cells of the of indigo cultivation – nij and ryoti. Within
body. the system of nij cultivation, the planter
 Perinatal stem cells: Researchers have produced indigo in lands that he directly
discovered stem cells in amniotic fluid as controlled. He either bought the land or
well as umbilical cord blood. These stem rented it from other zamindars and produced
indigo by directly employing hired labourers.

Under the ryoti system, the planters forced as it glorified the British
the ryots to sign a contract, an agreement conquerors.
(satta). Those who signed the contract got Select the correct answer using the
cash advances from the planters at low code given below:
rates of interest to produce indigo. But the (a) 1 only
loan committed the ryot to cultivating indigo
(b) 2 only
on at least 25 per cent of the area under his
holding. The planter provided the seed and (c) Both 1 and 2
the drill, while the cultivators prepared the (d) Neither 1 nor 2
soil, sowed the seed and looked after the Explanation:
crop.
Statement 1 is not correct. Initially the
Source: Class 8th NCERT (new) (page
focus of providing education to Indians was
no.31,32 and 33)
based on the assumption that they would
serve the needs of British Colonial
54. ―He was the Congress president for administration. They would be like Indians
1929, 1936 and 1937 sessions. He was in Colour and British in Taste. The scientific
appointed as the chairman of National and technical education was neglected. Later
Planning Committee, set up in 1938 under the saddler commission some focus
Congress session. He was associated was given on scientific and technical
with All - India Kisan Sabha.‘‘ education.
Who among the following is being Statement 2 is correct. Its aim was to
talked about in the above lines? reconcile the people of India to British rule
(a) Subhash Chandra Bose particularly, as it glorified the British
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru conquerors.
(c) J.P Narayan Source: Class 12th NCERT (old) (page no.93)
(d) Motilal Nehru
Explanation:
regarding the e-commerce sector in
Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as the India:
Congress president for 1929,1936 and 1937 1. The Indian e-commerce industry is
sessions. He was appointed as the chairman the largest e-commerce market in
of National Planning Committee, set up in the world.
1938 Congress session. He was one of the 2. Increasing smartphone and
founders of All - India Kisan Sabha. internet penetration in India has
led to growth of e-commerce
Subhash Chandra Bose, was elected as the industry.
Congress President in1938. He was active 3. FDI is not permitted in
supporter of socialism. marketplace model of e-commerce
sector in India.
J.P Narayan was another active freedom
fighter. He was one of the founder of the Which of the statements given above
Congress Socialist Party. is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
Motilal Nehru was elected as the Congress (b) 2 only
president in 1928 session, when he (c) 1 and 3 only
presented Nehru Report.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Source: Class 12th NCERT (old )(page Explanation:
no.255) Statement 1 is incorrect: The Indian e-
commerce industry has been on an upward
55. With reference to western education in growth trajectory and is expected to surpass
India, which of the following the US to become the second largest e-
statements is/are correct? commerce market in the world by 2034.
1. The scientific and technical However, the largest e-commerce market is
education was promoted from the that of China followed by USA, UK, JAPAN.
very begining. Statement 2 is correct: Much growth of the
2. Its aim was to reconcile the people E-COMMERCE industry has been triggered
of India to British rule particularly, by increasing internet and smartphone
penetration. Internet penetration in India
grew from just 4 per cent in 2007 to 34.42 continental crust is thicker in the areas of
per cent in 2017, registering a CAGR of 24 major mountain systems. It is as much as
per cent between 2007 and 2017. As of 70 km thick in the Himalayan region
December 2018 overall internet penetration Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
in India was 46.13 per cent. The number of of Physical Geography (page no. 25)
internet users in India is expected to
increase from 560.01 million as of September
58. Consider the following statements:
2018 to 829 million by 2021.
1. In 1856, the highest rank given to
Statement 3 is incorrect: India allows 100
Indians in the army was that of a
percent foreign direct investment (FDI) in the
subedar.
marketplace model of e-commerce, which it
defines as a tech platform that connects 2. Lord Wellesley relieved the
buyers and sellers. India has not allowed FDI zamindars of their police functions
in inventory-driven models of e-commerce. and established a regular police
The inventory model, which Walmart and force.
Amazon use in the United States, is where Which of the statements given above
the goods and services are owned by an e- is/are correct?
commerce firm that sells directly to retail (a) 1 only
customers. (b) 2 only
Source: (c) Both 1 and 2
https://www.ibef.org/industry/ecommerc (d) Neither 1 nor 2
e-presentation
Explanation:
https://in.reuters.com/article/india-
Statement 1 is correct. In 1856, the
ecommerce-explainer/explainer-what-are-
highest rank given to Indians in the
indias-new-foreign-direct-investment-rules-
army,was that of a subedar.
for-e-commerce-idINKCN1PP1XS
Statement 2 is not correct. Lord
Cornwallis relievedthezamindars of their
57. Consider the following statements: police functions and established a regular
1. Continental crust is mostly made police force.
up of basaltic rocks whereas Source: class 12th (NCERT) (old) (page no. 82
oceanic crust is made up of mainly and 83)
granitic rocks.
2. Oceanic crust is thicker than
continental crust.
regarding temperature of Ocean water:
Which of the above statements is/are
1. The process of heating and cooling
correct?
of the oceanic water is faster than
(a) 1 only land.
(b) 2 only 2. The temperature of surface water
(c) Both 1 and 2 decreases from the equator
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 towards the poles.
Explanation: 3. The oceans in the northern
Statement 1 is incorrect hemisphere are warmer than
Crust is the outermost solid part of the oceans in southern hemisphere.
earth. It is brittle in nature. Continental Which of the statements given above
crust is made up of heavier rocks having is/are incorrect ?
density of 3 g/cm3 and mainly made up (a) 1 only
of granite. The main type of rock found in (b) 1 and 2 only
the oceanic crust is basalt. The mean (c) 2 and 3 only
density of material in oceanic crust is 2.7
(d) 1 and 3 only
g/cm3.
Explanation:
The thickness of the crust varies under the
oceanic and continental areas. Oceanic The process of heating and cooling of the
crust is thinner as compared to the oceanic water is slower than land.
continental crust. The mean thickness of Land surfaces absorb much more solar
oceanic crust is 5 km whereas that of the radiation than water. This is due to the fact
continental is around 30 km. The that most land surfaces are darker than

water which means more absorption of solar 61. With reference to Public Finance
radiation and heat. Water reflects most solar Management System, Consider the
radiation that reaches its surface back to the following statements:
atmosphere. 1. It aims at promoting transparency
Statement 2 is correct in implementation of various
There are many factors which affect central sector schemes across the
temperature distribution across the Ocean. country.
One of the factors is latitudinal extent. The 2. It reflects the true spirit of
temperature of surface water decreases cooperative federalism to improve
from the equator towards the poles public finance management.
because the amount of insolation Which of the statements given above
decreases poleward. is/are correct?
Statement 3 is correct (a) 1 only
The oceans in the northern hemisphere (b) 2 only
receive more heat due to their contact (c) Both 1 and 2
with larger extent of land than the oceans (d) Neither 1 nor 2
in the southern hemisphere. There is larger
Explanation:
presence of land in the Northern hemisphere
as compared to the southern hemisphere,
hence higher temperature. Statement 1 is correct: The PFMS Scheme
Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals of has been rolled-out by the Controller General
Physical Geography (page no. 111) of Accounts (CGA) at the behest of Finance
Ministry, Department of Expenditure as a
cherished Public Finance Management (PFM)
60. Consider the following statements: reform in the country. The Scheme aims at
1. Plutonic rocks are rocks formed promoting transparency and bringing about
when magma cools and solidifies tangible improvements in the overall Central
above the earth's surface. Government Financial Management as well
2. Granite and Gabbro are examples as implementation of various Central
of plutonic rocks. Government Schemes across the country.
Which of the statements given above The ambit of PFMS coverage includes Central
is/are correct? Sector and Centrally Sponsored Schemes as
(a) 1 only well as other expenditures including the
Finance Commission Grants.
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
Statement 2 is correct: Funds under the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Centrally Sponsored Schemes flow almost
Explanation: entirely to the State Government treasuries
Statement 1 is incorrect – and a substantial part of the funds under
Plutonic rocks are one of the types of the Central Sector Schemes are also spent in
igneous rocks and are formed when magma the States through various Central
cools down and solidifies below the earth's Government agencies. The improvements
surface. They are also known as intrusive brought-out in the Management of Public
igneous rocks. Plutonic rocks cool much Funds through PFMS, it was stated, will
slower and under higher pressure because have a cascading beneficial impact on the
they are in the ground. Therefore, their management of State Government Public
crystals found the right conditions to grow Finances as well as efficient delivery of
large. On the other hand volcanic rocks are Public Services by the States. PFMS,
rocks formed when lava cools and solidifies therefore, reflects the true spirit of Co-
on the earth's surface. Operative Federalism with the Centre and
Statement 2 is correct – the State Governments combining their
Granite and Gabbro are examples of efforts to improve Public Finance
plutonic rocks. They are formed when Management for ultimate public good.
magma cools down below the earth‘s surface. Source:http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRel
Source: NCERT class-10th ease.aspx?relid=171984

62. In context of geography, Normal lapse Source: NCERT Class-7 geography (Chapter-
rate is defined as: 2, page-8).
(a) Rate of decrease in temperature
with increasing height 64. With reference to the tribal revolts ,
(b) Rate of increase in temperature consider the following events:
with increasing height 1. Kol rebellion
(c) Difference in expected and actual 2. Warli revolt
rainfall 3. Bastar Rebellion
(d) Difference in temperature from 4. Santhal Revolt
equator to polar region
Which is the correct chronological
Explanation: sequence of the above events?
The atmosphere is indirectly heated by (a) 3-4-1-2
terrestrial radiation from below. Therefore,
(b) 4-1-3-2
the places near the sea-level record higher
temperature than the places situated at (c) 1-4-3-2
higher elevations. In other words, the (d) 1-2-3-4
temperature generally decreases with Explanation:
increasing height. The rate of decrease of The Kols rebelled in 1831-32, Santhals rose
temperature with height is termed as the in revolt in 1855, the Bastar Rebellion in
normal lapse rate. It is 6.5°C per 1,000 m. central India broke out in 1910 and the
Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals Warli Revolt in Maharashtra in 1940. The
of Physical Geography (page no. 78) movement that Birsa led was one such
movement.
63. Consider the following statements: Source: Class 8th NCERT (new) (page no.47)
1. Deccan plateau is made of basaltic
rocks. 65. Consider the following with respect to
2. Granite is an example of extrusive social conditions prevalent during the
igneous rocks. latter half of the 18th century:
3. Igneous and sedimentary rocks 1. Right to property and divorce for
cannot change into metamorphic women was restricted.
rock. 2. Perpetual widowhood was the
Which of the statements given above injunction of the society, only
is/are correct? amongst the lower castes.
(a) 1 only Which of the statements given above
is/are incorrect?
(b) 1 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(c) 2 only
(b) 2 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Statement 1 is correct: When this molten
lava comes on the earth‘s surface, it rapidly Explanation:
cools down and becomes solid. Rocks formed Statement 1 is correct
in such a way on the crust are called By the turn of the century, the condition of
extrusive igneous rocks.For example, basalt. women had little to be happy about. The
The Deccan plateau is made of basalt rocks, birth of a girl child was considered to be
which is extrusive igneous rocks. unfortunate. Girls were married off in their
Statement 2 is incorrect: The molten childhood. Polygamy was permitted.
magma which cools down deep inside the Women had no right to property or
earth‘s crust. Solid rocks so formed are divorce.
called intrusive igneous rocks. Since they Statement 2 is incorrect
cool down slowly they form large grains. Perpetual widowhood was the injunction of
Granite is an example of such a rock. the society, especially amongst the upper
Statement 3 is incorrect: Igneous and castes. These widows could not wear
sedimentary rocks can change into coloured clothes, or attend marriages since
metamorphic rocks under great heat and their presence was considered inauspicious.
pressure.For example, clay changes into As child marriages were common in such
slate and limestone changes into marble. occasions sometimes even the infant girls

became widows and were condemned to 68. Which of the following could be the
perpetual widowhood. work of sea waves?
Source: NIOS Indian Culture and Heritage 1. Cirque
Page number 67, 68 2. Arete
3. Sea caves
66. Which of the following correctly 4. Sea arches
describes the purpose of ‗Operation Select the correct answer using the
Digital Board‘? codes given below.
(a) An initiative to establish (a) 1 and 2 only
connectivity between the board
(b) 1 and 3 only
members of PSUs.
(c) 2 and 4 only
(b) It aims at boosting the
manufacturing of electronic (d) 3 and 4 only
components in India. Explanation:
(c) It aims at equipping the Cirque and Arete are glacial landforms.
classrooms with digital and Statement 3 is correct: Sea caves, when
interactive boards. sea waves continuously strike at the rocks.
(d) None of the above Cracks develop. Over time they become
Explanation: larger and wider. Thus, hollow like caves are
formed on the rocks. They are called sea
The idea of Operation Digital Board is aimed
caves.
at providing better digital education in all
schools. This will offer new opportunities and Statement 4 is correct: Sea arches, when
new ways of teaching and learning to the cavities of sea cave become bigger and
schools. Under this scheme, Digital / SMART bigger only the roof of the caves remain, thus
board will be provided in all Government and forming sea arches.
Government – aided schools having Source: NCERT Class-7 geography, chapter-
Secondary and Sr. Secondary classes. Nearly 3(page- 15 and 16).
1.5 lakh Secondary / Sr. Secondary schools
will be covered under the scheme in 69. The term ―Indo-Saracenic‖ denotes:
collaboration with the State and UTs (a) A hybrid architectural style
Source: developed by combining the
http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage. Indian style with the European.
aspx?PRID=1565567 (b) An Indo-Portuguese form of music.
(c) A new form of script developed in
67. With reference to ‗Administrative British India.
changes after 1858‘,consider the (d) None of the above
following events:
Explanation:
1. Vernacular Press Act
Towards the beginning of the twentieth
2. First Indian Factory Act century a new hybrid architectural style
3. The Indian Press was freed of developed which combined the Indian
restrictions by Charles Metcalfe. with the European. This was called Indo-
What is the correct chronological Saracenic. ―Indo‖ was shorthand for Hindu
sequence of the above events? and ―Saracen‖ was a term Europeans used to
(a) 1-2-3 designate Muslim. The inspiration for this
(b) 2-1-3 style was medieval buildings in India with
their domes, chhatris, jalis, arches. By
(c) 3-2-1
integrating Indian and European styles in
(d) 3-1-2 public architecture the British wanted to
Explanation: prove that they were legitimate rulers of
The correct chronological order of the India. The Gateway of India, built in the
events is as follows: traditional Gujarati style to welcome King
Vernacular Press Act, 1878 George V and Queen Mary to India in 1911,
First Indian Factory Act, 1881 is the most famous example of this style.
The Indian Press was freed of restrictions by Source:
Charles Metcalfe in 1835. http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?l
Source: class 12th NCERT (old) (page no.131)

70. With reference to Judicial System rivers, namely Ravi,Sutlej and Beas ( Eastern
during British rule, which of the Rivers)averaging around 33 million acre feet (
following statements is/are correct? MAF) were allocated to India for exclusive
1. They introduced the modern use while the western rivers were allocated to
concept of Rule of Law. Pakistan.
2. The system of justice became Statement 3 is incorrect: India has also
comparatively formal, speedy and been given the right to generate
inexpensive. hydroelectricity through run of the river
Select the correct answer using the (RoR) projectson the Western Rivers with
code given below: subject to specific criteria for design and
operation.
(a) 1 only
Source: KSG current connect- feb 2019, pg-
(b) 2 only
37
(c) Both 1 and 2
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 ?relid=188862
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. They introduced 72. Which of the following
the modern concept of Rule of Law. is/areincorrectly matched?
Statement 2 is not correct. Under the Tropical cyclone Region
British rule, justice became quite expensive
name
as court fees had to be paid,lawyers engaged
and the expenses of witnesses met. In 1. Cyclones Indian Ocean
contrast, the system of justice that had 2. Typhoons Atlantic Ocean
prevailed in pre-British times was 3. Hurricanes Western Pacific
comparatively informal, speedy and and South China
inexpensive. Sea
Source: Old Ncert, class-XII, CH-4,Pg-84 4. Willy-willies Western Australia.
71. Consider the following statements with Select the answer using the code given
respect to Indus Water Treaty: below:
1. It was brokered by the United (a) 1 and 4 only
Nation Security Council. (b) 2 and 3 only
2. It confers more rights to India on (c) 2, 3 and 4 only
the Eastern Rivers of Indus River (d) 1 only
system.
Explanation:
3. Under the obligations of the treaty,
Tropical cyclones are violent storms that
India can‘t construct any
originate over oceans in tropical areas and
hydroelectricity projects on the
move over to the coastal areas bringing
western rivers of Indus River
about large scale destruction caused by
system.
violent winds, very heavy rainfall and storm
Which of the statements given above surges. This is one of the most devastating
is/are correct? natural calamities. They are known as
(a) 2 only Cyclones in the Indian Ocean, Hurricanes in
(b) 2 and 3 only the Atlantic, Typhoons in the Western Pacific
(c) 1 and 3 only and South China Sea, and Willy-willies in the
(d) 1, 2 and 3 Western Australia.
Physical Geography (page no. 95)
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: Indus Water
Treaty is a water-distribution treaty between 73. Which of the following could be the
India and Pakistan signed by the then Prime advantage of
Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistan‘s KisanUrjaSurakshaevamUtthaanMaha
President Ayub Khan in 1960. It was bhiyan?
brokered by the World Bank. 1. Reduction in carbon dioxide
Statement 2 is correct: Under the Indus emissions.
Water Treaty signed between India and 2. Saving of foreign exchange
Pakistan in 1960, all the waters of three 3. Employment generation
4. Financial and water security to the 75. Consider the following statements with
farmers. respect to Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Select the correct answer using the 1. He is known as the harbinger of
code given below: modern age of the country.
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only 2. He founded Brahmosamaj, which
(b) 3 and 4 only believed in Monotheism.
(c) 4 only Which of the statements given above
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 is/are correct?
Explanation: (a) 1 only
KisanUrjaSurakshaevamUtthaanMahabhiya (b) 2 only
n has been launched with the objective of (c) Both 1 and 2
providing financial and water security to (d) Neither 1 nor 2
farmers. The proposed scheme consists of Explanation:
three components: Statement 1 is correct
Component-A: 10,000 MW of Decentralized Ram Mohan Roy is known as the harbinger
Ground Mounted Grid Connected Renewable of the modern age in India. He mastered
Power Plants. several languages including Greek and
Component-B: Installation of 17.50 lakh Latin. His role in reforming the Hindu
standalone Solar Powered Agriculture society and the reawakening of India is
Pumps. important.
Component-C: Solarisation of 10 Lakh Grid- Statement2 is correct
connected Solar Powered Agriculture Pumps. He founded the BrahmoSamaj, which carried
The Scheme will have substantial his message of rationalism and the
environmental impact in terms of savings of principle of social equality. His followers
CO2 emissions. All three components of the believed in the worship of one supreme god
Scheme combined together are likely to (monotheism).
result in saving of about 27 million tonnes Source: NIOS Indian Culture and Heritage
of CO2 emission per annum. Further,
Component-B of the Scheme on standalone
solar pumps may result in saving of 1.2 76. Consider the following statements:
billion liters of diesel per annum and 1. Large sea surface with
associated savings in the foreign exchange temperature higher than 27° C
due to reduction of import of crude oil. 2. Presence of the Coriolis force
The scheme has direct employment potential. 3. Large variations in the vertical
Besides increasing self-employment the wind speed
proposal is likely to generate employment Which of the above factors are
opportunity equivalent to 6.31 lakh job responsible for the formation of tropical
years for skilled and unskilled workers. cyclones?
Source: (a) 1 only
http://pib.nic.in/PressReleaseIframePage.
(b) 2 only
aspx?PRID=1565274
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
74. The military exercise Sampriti is held
between the militaries of India and: Explanation:
(a) China Tropical cyclones originate and intensify over
warm tropical oceans. The conditions
(b) Nepal
favourable for the formation and
(c) Myanmar intensification of tropical storms are:
(d) Bangladesh (i) Large sea surface with temperature
Explanation:Sampriti exercise is conducted higher than 27° C;
by the military of India and Bangladesh. It is (ii) Presence of the Coriolis force;
aimed to strengthen and broaden the aspects
(iii) Small variations in the vertical wind
of inter-operability and co-operation between
speed;
the Armies of both countries.
(iv) A pre-existing weak low- pressure area
Source:http://www.newsonair.com/Main-
or low-level-cyclonic circulation;
News-Details.aspx?id=360308
(v) Upper divergence above the sea level
system.
The energy that intensifies the storm, comes 79. ‗Prompt Corrective Action‘ often seen in
from the condensation process in the the news is related to:
towering cumulonimbus clouds, surrounding (a) Banking Sector
the centre of the storm. With continuous (b) Environment Conservation
supply of moisture from the sea, the storm is
(c) Medium, Small and Micro
further strengthened. On reaching the land
enterprises
the moisture supply is cut off and the storm
dissipates. (d) Skilling of Labour
Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals Explanation: Prompt Corrective Action
of Physical Geography (page no. 91) (PCA) framework of the Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) is an essential element of its
financial stability framework. It lays out the
77. Which of the following events happened case for structured early intervention and
earliest? resolution by regulators for banks that
(a) Diwani and Nizamatadalats become under-capitalised due to poor asset
established by Cornwallis. quality or vulnerable due to loss of
(b) Lord Wellesley established the profitability. Detailing the mandatory and
college of Fort William at Calcutta. discretionary actions under the RBI's Revised
(c) Lord warren Hastings PCA framework, it compares and contrasts
established Calcutta Madarsa. these with the PCA framework operating in
(d) Sati was abolished by Lord William the United States. Finally, it documents
Bentinck. empirically how Indian banks under the PCA
framework are being restored back to health
Explanation:
through better capitalisation, preservation of
Statement C is correct. Lord Warren capital, and provisioning for losses.
Hastings established Calcutta Madarsa in
Source:
1781.
https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_Speeche
Diwani and Nizamatadalats established by sView.aspx?Id=1065
Cornwallis in the year 1793.
Lord Wellesley established the college of Fort
80. Consider the following events:
William at Calcutta in 1800.
1. Supreme Court set up in Calcutta
Sati was abolished by Lord William Bentinck
by the East India Company.
in the year 1829.
2. Asiatic Society founded by Sir
Source: Old NCERT, modern India, class-
William Jones.
12th
3. Universities in Bombay, Madras
and Calcutta.
78. The Azov Sea, which is often seen in
4. Completion of the Madras harbour.
the news, is located between-
Which of the following is the correct
(a) US and Mexico
chronological sequence of the above
(b) China and Japan events?
(c) Russia and Ukraine (a) 1-2-3-4
(d) France and England (b) 1-3-2-4
Explanation: (c) 1-4-2-3
(d) 4-3-2-1
Explanation:
The correct sequence is:
1. 1773 : Supreme Court set up in
Calcutta by the East India
Company
2. 1784 : Asiatic Society founded by
Sir William Jones
3. 1857 : Universities in Bombay,
Madras and Calcutta
4. 1881 : Madras harbour completed
Source: Map, KSG current connect- feb k.htm?lehs3=3-6 (page no 344)
2019, pg- 34
81. Consider the following statements with (c) 1 and 2 only
respect to Prepaid Payment (d) 1. 2. 3 and 4
Instruments: Explanation:
1. It comes with a pre-loaded value to Pairs 1 and 2 are correctly matched
facilitate the purchase of goods
The reform movement was also strengthened
and services.
by the Theosophical Society founded by
2. These instruments are not yet Madame H.P. Blavatsky (1837-91) and
regulated by any authority in Colonel H.S. Olcott along with others.
India. Annie Besant promoted studies of ancient
Which of the statements given above Indian religions, philosophies and doctrine.
is/are correct? She also established the Central Hindu
(a) 1 only School to encourage education.
(b) 2 only Pair 3 is incorrectly matched
(c) Both 1 and 2 In 1883, Swami Dayanand left his body after
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 an eventful life. His followers started a
Explanation: Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (DAV) School and
College in Lahore (now in Pakistan) in 1886.
Statement 1 is correct: Prepaid payment
instruments (PPIs) come with a pre-loaded The Idea of a Hindu University was made
value and in some cases a pre-defined known to the world by PanditMadan Mohan
purpose of payment. They facilitate the Malaviya at a meeting held in 1904 at
purchase of goods and services as well as Varanasi under the Presidentship of his
inter-personal remittance transactions such Highness Maharaja Sir Prabhu Narayan
as sending money to a friend or a family Singh of Varanasi.
member. Pair 4 is incorrectly matched
Statement 2 is incorrect: These payment Jyotibaphule started SatyaShodhaksamaj
instruments are licensed and regulated by in 1873, while Pandita Rama
the Reserve Bank of India. There are three BaiestablishedtheSardaSadan, a home for
types of PPIs—closed system PPIs, semi- widows in 1893.
closed system PPIs and open system PPIs. Source: NIOS Indian Culture and Heritage
The most common example of a closed page number 71, 72
system PPI is a brand-specific gift card. Such http://www.bhu.ac.in/Centre/history.html
cards, physical or otherwise, can be used
only at specific locations, and cannot be 83. Consider the following statements with
used to transfer funds from one account to respect to National Youth Parliament:
another. Among, semi-closed PPIs, e-wallets
1. It is organized each year by the
like Oxigen and Mobikwik are a common
Association for Democratic
example.
Reforms.
Source:
2. It aims to give voice to those
https://www.livemint.com/Money/Wq5AT6v
youths who can vote but can‘t
x1JklC0lRSMbnSI/What-are-prepaid-
contest parliamentary elections.
payment-instruments.html
is/are correct?
82. Which of the following pairs are
(a) 1 only
correctly matched?
(b) 2 only
Personality Institution
(c) Both 1 and 2
1. Colonel Theosophical
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
H.S. Olcott Society
Explanation:
2. Annie Besant Central Hindu
School Statement 1 is incorrect: National Youth
Parliament Festival 2019 was jointly
3. Swami Benaras Hindu
organised by National Service Scheme (NSS)
Dayanand University and Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS),
4. JyotibaPhule SardaSadan under the aegis of Ministry of Youth Affairs &
Select the correct answer using the Sports.
code given below: Statement 2 is correct: The objective of the
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only National Youth Parliament is to hear the
(b) 2 and 4 only voice of youth between 18 and less than 25

years of age, who are allowed to vote but (b) 2 only
cannot stand as a candidate for election, (c) Both 1 and 2
through deliberations in Youth Parliaments (d) Neither 1 nor 2
at district level and above.
Explanation:
Source: https://innovate.mygov.in/youth-
Statement 1 is incorrect: It has been
parliament/
launched by Ministry of Petroleum and
http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx Natural gas.
?relid=188975
Statement 2 is correct: Under this scheme,
Expression of Interest (EoI) has been invited
84. Consider the following statements with from potential entrepreneurs to set up
respect to Convention on Conservation Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) production
of Migratory Species of Wild Animals: plants and make available CBG in the
1. It provides a global platform for the market for use in automotive fuels. This
conservation and sustainable use significant move has the potential to boost
of migratory animals and their availability of more affordable transport
habitats fuels, better use of agricultural residue,
2. China, India and US are not a cattle dung and municipal solid waste, as
party to this convention. well as to provide an additional revenue
Which of the statements given above source to farmers.
is/are correct? Source:
(a) 1 only http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx
?relid=183787
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
86. Consider the following events:
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
1. Return of Gandhiji to India.
Explanation:
2. Establishment of the Benaras
Statement 1 is correct: As an
Hindu University.
environmental treaty under the aegis of the
United Nations Environment Programme, 3. Imposition of the Rowlatt Act.
CMS provides a global platform for the 4. The JallianwalaBagh massacre.
conservation and sustainable use of Which of the following is the correct
migratory animals and their habitats. CMS chronological sequence of the above
brings together the States through which events?
migratory animals pass, the Range States, (a) 1-2-3-4
and lays the legal foundation for (b) 1-3-4-2
internationally coordinated conservation
(c) 1-4-3-2
measures throughout a migratory range.
(d) 1-3-4-2
Statement 2 is incorrect: India is a party to
this convention since 1983. While US, Explanation:
China, Russia etc are non-party. In January 1915, Mohandas Karamchand
Source:https://www.cms.int/en/legalinst Gandhi returned to his homeland after two
rument/cms decades of residence in South Africa.
KSG current connect- feb 2019, pg- 47 On Gokhale‘s advice, Gandhiji spent a year
travelling around British India, getting to
know the land and its peoples. His first
85. Consider the following statements with major public appearance was at the opening
respect to Sustainable Alternative of the Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in
towards Affordable Transportation February 1916.
(SATAT):
Rowlatt Acts, (February 1919), legislation
1. It has been launched by Ministry passed by the Imperial Legislative Council,
of Road Transport and Highways. the legislature of British India. The acts
2. It aims at enhancing the allowed certain political cases to be tried
production of compressed bio gas without juries and permitted internment of
and promoting its use as suspects without trial. Their object was to
automotive fuels. replace the repressive provisions of the
Which of the statements given above wartime Defence of India Act (1915) by a
is/are correct? permanent law. They were based on the
(a) 1 only

report of Justice S.A.T. Rowlatt‘s committee 88. In the context of Pioneers of Reforms in
of 1918. Western India, who was given the pen-
The JallianwalaBagh massacre took place in name of ‗Lokahitawadi‘?
April 1919. (a) Dadabhai Naoroji
Source:http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textboo (b) BalShastriJambekar
k.htm?lehs3=4-6 (page no 347, 348, 349 & (c) GopalHariDeshmukh
350) (d) DadobaPandurang
Explanation:
87. Consider the following statements Option C is correct. Social reformer of
about the Quit India Movement: Maharashtra, GopalHariDeshmukh became
1. It took place after the failure of the famous by the pen-name of ‗Lokahitawadi‘.
Cripps mission. Option A is incorrect. DadabhaiNaoroji was
2. Independent governments were another social reformer from Bombay. He
formed in few areas. was one of the founders of an association to
3. It was during this period that the reform the Zoroastrian religion and the Parsi
Muslim league increased its hold Law Association.
over certain places. Option B is incorrect. BalshastriJambekar
Which of the statements given above also belonged to Bombay. He was attracted
is/are correct? by Western ideas and attacked on
(a) 1 only Brahmanical orthodoxy.
(b) 1 and 2 only Option D is incorrect. DadobaPandurang
(c) 2 and 3 only founded the ‗ParamahansaMandali‘in 1849.
(d) 1, 2 and 3 Source: Class 12th NCERT (old) (page
no.101)
Explanation:
All the statements are correct 89. Consider the following statements
about the impact of the introduction of
After the failure of the Cripps Mission,
railways in India:
Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch his third
major movement against British rule. This 1. Economic activity gradually
was the ―Quit India‖ campaign, which began penetrated into the traditional
in August 1942. Although Gandhiji was towns.
jailed at once, younger activists organised 2. All the railway stations became a
strikes and acts of sabotage all over the collection depot for raw materials
country. Particularly active in the and a distribution point for
underground resistance were socialist imported goods.
members of the Congress, such as Which of the statements given above
Jayaprakash Narayan. In several districts, is/are correct?
such as Satara in the west and Medinipur in (a) 1 only
the east, ―independent‖ governments were (b) 2 only
proclaimed. The British responded with
(c) Both 1 and 2
much force, yet it took more than a year to
suppress the rebellion. ―Quit India‖ was (d) Neither 1 nor 2
genuinely a mass movement, bringing into Explanation:
its ambit hundreds of thousands of ordinary Statement 1 is incorrect
Indians. It especially energised the young The introduction of railways in 1853 meant a
who, in very large numbers, left their colleges change in the fortunes of towns. Economic
to go to jail. However, while the Congress activity gradually shifted away from
leaders languished in jail, Jinnah and his traditional towns which were located along
colleagues in the Muslim League worked old routes and rivers.
patiently at expanding their influence. It was Statement 2 is correct
in these years that the League began to
Every railway station became a collection
make a mark in the Punjab and Sind,
depot for raw materials and a distribution
provinces where it had previously had
point for imported goods. For instance,
scarcely any presence.
Mirzapur on the Ganges, which specialised
Source: in collecting cotton and cotton goods from
http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?l the Deccan, declined when a railway link
ehs3=4-6 (page no 363) was made to Bombay. With the expansion of
the railway network, railway workshops and Explanation:
railway colonies were established. Railway Rocks along a fault tend to move in opposite
towns like Jamalpur, Waltair and Bareilly directions. As the overlying rock strata press
developed. them, the friction locks them together.
Source: However, their tendency to move apart at
http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?l some point of time overcomes the friction. As
ehs3=3-6 (page no 323) a result, the blocks get deformed and
eventually, they slide past one another
90. Consider the following statements abruptly. This causes a release of energy,
about the provincial elections of 1937: and the energy waves travel in all directions.
The point where the energy is released is
1. It was the first provincial elections
called the focus of an earthquake,
held in India.
alternatively, it is called the hypocentre.
2. It was based on universal adult The energy waves travelling in different
franchise. directions reach the surface. The point on
3. Congress fared well in this the surface, nearest to the focus, is called
election, and formed government epicentre. It is the first one to experience
in majority of the provinces. the waves. It is a point directly above the
Which of the statements given above focus.
is/are correct? Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
(a) 1 only of Physical Geography (page no. 22)
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only 92. Consider the following statements
(d) 1, 2 and 3 about the initiatives of Gandhiji after
Explanation: his return to India:
Statement 1 is correct 1. In Champaran he led a movement
seeking the freedom to cultivate
In 1937, elections to the provincial
the crops of the peasant‘s choice.
legislatures were held for the first time.
2. He intervened in a labour dispute
in Ahmedabad demanding better
Only about 10 to 12 per cent of the working conditions for the textile
population enjoyed the right to vote. mill workers.
Statement 3 is correct 3. He joined peasants in Kheda
The Congress did well in the elections, asking the state for the abolition of
winning an absolute majority in five out of opium and indigo cultivation.
eleven provinces and forming governments in Which of the statements given above
seven of them. It did badly in the is/are correct?
constituencies reserved for Muslims, but the
(a) 1 only
Muslim League also fared poorly, polling only
4.4 per cent of the total Muslim vote cast in (b) 1 and 2 only
this election. (c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Source:
Explanation:
http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textbook.htm?l
ehs3=5-6 (page no 385) Statement 1 is correct
Mahatma Gandhi was to spend much of
1917 in Champaran, seeking to obtain for
91. Consider the following statements the peasants security of tenure as well as the
about focus and epicentre of freedom to cultivate the crops of their choice.
earthquake: Statement 2 is correct
1. Focus of earthquake is the point In 1918, Gandhiji was involved in two
where the energy is released campaigns in his home state of Gujarat.
2. The point on the surface, nearest First, he intervened in a labour dispute in
to the focus is called the epicentre. Ahmedabad, demanding better working
Select the correct answer using the conditions for the textile mill workers.
code given below: Statement 3 is incorrect
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only He joined peasants in Kheda in asking the
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 state for the remission of taxes following the
failure of their harvest.
Source:http://ncert.nic.in/textbook/textboo (d) None of the above
k.htm?lehs3=4-6 (page no 349)
Explanation:
93. Consider the following statements with Pair 1 is correct. Debendranath
respect to Elephants in India: Tagore founded the TatvabodhiniSabha in
1. It is the largest terrestrial mammal 1839.
in India and is listed as Pair 2 is incorrect. Ishwar Chandra
endangered in IUCN red list. Vidyasagar evolved a new methodology of
2. Project Elephant didn‘t focus on teaching Sanskrit. He dedicated his life
Elephant corridors. towards social reforms in the eastern India.
Which of the statements given above Pair 3 is incorrect. BalShastriJambekar
is/are correct? attacked Brahmanical orthodoxy in Western
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only India.
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Source: Class 12th NCERT (old) (page no.99
Explanation: and 101)
Statement 1 is correct: Asian Elephant
(Elephasmaximus) is the largest terrestrial 95. Degassing is the process of:
mammal of India. About 60% of the Asian (a) The process through which the
elephant population is in India. It is listed as gases were outpoured from the
endangered in IUCN red list. interior.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Project Elephant (b) The process of removal of gases
(PE) was launched by the Government of from outer atmosphere by solar
India in the year 1992 as a Centrally winds
Sponsored Scheme with following objectives: (c) Removal of hydrogen and helium
✓ To protect elephants, their habitat & from earth‘s atmosphere
corridors (d) Addition of Oxygen in earth‘s
✓ To address issues of man-animal atmosphere through
conflict photosynthesis.
✓ Welfare of captive elephants Explanation:
Till now 28 Elephant Reserves (ERs) have During the cooling of the earth, gases and
been formally notified by various State water vapour were released from the interior
Governments. solid earth. This started the evolution of the
present atmosphere. The early atmosphere
Source:KSG current connect- feb 2019, pg-
largely contained water vapour, nitrogen,
44
carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia and
https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7140/ very little of free oxygen. The process
12828813 through which the gases were outpoured
from the interior is called degassing.
94. Consider the following pairs: Continuous volcanic eruptions contributed
1. Debendranath Founded water vapour and gases to the atmosphere.
Tagore TatvabodhiniS As the earth cooled, the water vapour
abha released started getting condensed. The
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere got
2. Ishwar Chandra attacked dissolved in rainwater and the temperature
Vidyasagar Brahmanical further decreased causing more
orthodoxy in condensation and more rains. The rainwater
western India falling onto the surface got collected in the
3. Bal Shastri evolved a new depressions to give rise to oceans.
Jambekar methodology of Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals
teaching of Physical Geography (page no. 17)
Sanskrit
Which of the pairs given above is/are 96. Consider the following statements:
correctly matched? 1. Temperate cyclones can originate
(a) 1 only over both land and sea.
(b) 2 and 3 only 2. Tropical cyclones originate only
(c) 1 and 3 only over the sea.

Which of the statements given above 2. The Magnetic North and South
is/are correct? pole of earth are always at an
(a) 1 only angle of 90° with the geographic
(b) 2 only North and South pole respectively.
(c) Both 1 and 2 Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 only
Explanation:
(b) 2 only
The extra tropical cyclone also known as
temperate cyclone differs from the tropical (c) Both 1 and 2
cyclone in number of ways. The extra (d) Neither 1 nor 2
tropical cyclones have a clear frontal Explanation:
system which is not present in the Statement 1 is incorrect: The origin of
tropical cyclones. They cover a larger area Earth’s magnetism lies in its outer core, a
and can originate over the land and sea. more than 2,000-km layer of liquid iron and
Whereas the tropical cyclones originate some other metals like nickel that surrounds
only over the seas and on reaching the the central core, or the innermost part. This
land they dissipate. The extra tropical liquid iron is in constant motion due to
cyclone affects a much larger area as Earth‘s rotation and various other reasons,
compared to the tropical cyclone. The wind and this motion produces a magnetic field.
velocity in a tropical cyclone is much higher Statement 2 is incorrect:
and it is more destructive. The extra tropical
The magnetic north pole, or South Pole,
cyclones move from west to east but tropical
does not coincide with the geographical
cyclones, move from east to west.
north or South Pole. Currently, the
Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals magnetic north pole is located somewhere
of Physical Geography (page no. 94) over northern Canada, a fact discovered by
Sir James Clark Ross. Since then the
97. With reference to ‗Raja Ram Mohan magnetic north pole has been moving across
Roy‘, which of the following statements the Canadian Arctic towards Russia, and has
is/are correct? moved hundreds of miles over the last
1. He wrote a Persian work ―Gift to several decades.
Monotheists‖ in 1809.
2. He demanded that women should
be given the right of inheritance
and property.
Select the correct answer using the
code given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct: Raja Ram Mohan
Roy wrote a Persian work ―Gift to
Monotheists‖ in 1809.He published the
Bengali translation of the Vedas and of five of
the principal Upanishads.
Statement 2 is correct: He demanded that
women should be given the right of
inheritance and property.
Source: Class 12th NCERT (old) (page no. 95 Source: KSG current connect- feb 2019, pg-
and 96) 45
98. Consider the following statements 99. Which of the following are the primary
regarding the magnetism of Earth: forces that cause ocean currents?
1. Presence of Iron and Nickel in the 1. Heating by solar energy
crust of Earth is the reason behind 2. Wind
Earth‘s magnetism. 3. Gravity
4. Coriolis force.
Select the correct answer using the 100. Which of the following contact point
code given below: defines an occluded front?
(a) 1 and 3 only (a) When the cold air moves towards
(b) 2 and 3 only the warm air mass
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) When the warm air mass moves
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 towards the cold air mass
(c) When awarm air mass is fully
Explanation: lifted above the land surface
(d) None of the above
Heating by solar energy causes the water Explanation:
to expand. That is why, near the equator the When two different air masses meet, the
ocean water is about 8 cm higher in level boundary zone between them is called a
front. The process of formation of the fronts
than in the middle latitudes. This causes a
is known as frontogenesis.
very slight gradient and water tends to flow
There are four types of fronts:
down the slope. Wind blowing on the
(a) Cold; (b) Warm; (c) Stationary; (d)
surface of the ocean pushes the water to
Occluded.
move. Friction between the wind and the
When the front remains stationary, it is
water surface affects the movement of the called a stationary front. When the cold air
water body in its course. Gravity tends to moves towards the warm air mass, its
pull the water down the pile and create contact zone is called the cold front, whereas
gradient variation.TheCoriolis force if the warm air mass moves towards the cold
intervenes and causes the water to move air mass, the contact zone is a warm front. If
to the right in the northern hemisphere an air mass is fully lifted above the land
surface, it is called the occluded front.
and to the left in the southern
The fronts occur in middle latitudes and are
hemisphere. Hence all the above characterised by steep gradient in
statements are correct. temperature and pressure. They bring
abrupt changes in temperature and cause
Source: NCERT Class 11th, Fundamentals of the air to rise to form clouds and cause
Physical Geography (page no. 119) precipitation.
of Physical Geography (page no. 89)

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1. Consider the following statements with Explanation:

[TEST- 2 EXPLANATION] [ KSG: 011-45552607, 47640303, 0141-4052441, 0755-4077441, 09386337412] Page 2

8. Consider the following statements with

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