Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Present Si Present CoPast Simpl Past Conti Present PerPresent PePast PerfecPast Perfec
Future Simp
Future ConFuture PerfFuture PerZero CondiFirst condi Second conThird conditional
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Past Simple
Past Continuous
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Going to)
SIMPLE PRESENT NOW
P A S T F U T U R E
x x x x x x x x
P A S T F U T U R E
x
Tom watched The Big Bang Theory last night. This event or situation beg
I did exercise yesterday morning before I went to work. We know WHEN it happen
We spoke in English with the Americans.
It snowed yesterday in New York.
James studied last night.
P A S T F U T U R E
x
Tom will watch the news on TV tonight. This event or situation will
Tom is going to watch the news on TV tonight.
I will do exercise tonight to reduce my stress.
I'm going to do exercise and start a diet to lose weight.
We will probably speak to each other later, on the telephone.
We're going to speak to the director tomorrow during the meeting.
James will study tomorrow.
James is going to study Maths tomorrow, for next week's test.
The Perfect Simple tenses (Present, Past and Future Perfect) all give the idea that something happens before anoth
P A S T F U T U R E
eat lunch
The Perfect Simple tenses (Present, Past and Future Perfect) all give the idea that something happens before anoth
Tom had already eaten when Fred arrived. First Tom finished eating. L
I had done too much exercise, so my arm was hurting and I had to rest. Tom finished eating BEFOR
We had spoken to Jane about Robert before we arranged the date.
James had already studied Chapter One before reading Chapter Two.
The Perfect Simple tenses (Present, Past and Future Perfect) all give the idea that something happens before anoth
P A S T F U T U R E
eat lunch
The Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressive) tenses give the idea that one event / situation is in progress immediat
They are used to express the duration of the first event.
Kate has been studying for two hours. Event in progress: studying
I have been doing exercise since three o'clock, which is why I'm so thirsty! When: BEFORE NOW / up
We have been speaking for hours - my phone bill will be enormous! How long? For two hours
James has been studying for weeks.
The Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressive) tenses give the idea that one event / situation is in progress immediat
They are used to express the duration of the first event.
Kate had been studying for two hours before Fred arrived.
I had been doing exercise for 30 minutes when the instructor told me I could start working out.
We had been chatting before you came and interrupted us!
James had been studying for three hours when his friends visited.
The Perfect Continuous (Perfect Progressive) tenses give the idea that one event / situation is in progress immediat
They are used to express the duration of the first event.
Kate will have been studying for two hours by the time Fred arrives.
I will have been training for three months by the time I run in the São Silvestre.
We will have been cheering for three days, so we'll probably have lost our voices.
James will have been studying for three hours by the time you get there.
U T U R E
x
U T U R E
is now 11:00. Tom went to sleep at 10:00 tonight, and he is still asleep.
is sleep began in the past, is in progress now, and will probably continue.
U T U R E
om went to sleep at 10:00 last night. I arrived at 11:00 and he was still asleep.
is sleep began before and was in progress at a particular time in the past (when I arrived).
U T U R E
his event or situation will happen at one particular time in the future.
U T U R E
12:00
ððð ððð finish???
U T U R E
om finished eating lunch BEFORE NOW (i.e in the past). The exact time is not important.
U T U R E
Fred arrives
U T U R E
U T U R E
Fred arrives