LEAN START-UP MANAGEMENT

Mgt1022

DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT – 2

DEEKSHITH PHK
17BCE2310
TE2 Slot
 1) Production and Operations Management -
Manufacturing and Operations, Locations,
Licenses and permits, Operating Plan and
Executive Summary

Production management
Production management involves application of planning, organizing, directing
and controlling the production process.

Plan of action
1) The following requirements are to be met in order to run a factory and
produce the vehicles.
A)Labour
B) Capital
C) Raw Material
D)Machinery
2) Labour Force:
A) 70 Engineers
B) 150 Operators
C) 10 Senior Engineers
These engineers and operators will ensure everything goes well and also some
of the experienced senior members would be involved in R&D (Research and
Development).
The Operators will take care of the practical working under the guidance of
engineers and senior engineers.

3) Capital and its distribution:

The capital is an important factor for any business and the making of such cars
requires capital. Also such cars are new in terms of the Indian scenario, hence they
require careful design and extensive marketing.
This means capital is to be used (in order to pay for the engineers and
marketers and also in buying parts and machinery for the manufacturing)
Rupees 140 crore is the allocated budget, this also goes into paying the
workers, employees and other purchases.

4) Raw material
These are some of the parts that we buy:
A) Electric batteries
B) Sheet metal manufacturing
C) Cooling systems
D) DC converters and Controllers
E) Charging ports (For the cars as well as some of the parts required for setting
up charging stations).

5) Machinery
These are to be got from the suppliers and would aid in manufacture of the
proposed cars.
 Organizing, directing and controlling the process

The processing requires a lot of skilled work, the engineers handle the machinery
and all technical aspect of the production, from a management perspective, and we
must look at the scenario of launch.

The cars that are to be launched are relatively new to India, also not many
refuelling stations are found.

Which means one must produce adequate refuelling stations with good
capacity and these are to be moved and spread across cities over a span of a few
years. Our production must also consider taking in the orders as goals and
producing a few more cars than that, also these cars should be carefully modelled
and checked after production, a wrong production will cause losses and hinder the
progress of our company.

The main goal of the company is to make cars that do not emit harmful
pollutants and sell them in large numbers. It is expected that if all things go as per
plan we will set up more power stations across the country about more than 100
every month at different locations as per demand , make cars in large numbers as
per demand(expected to increase many folds)and market extensively.

In case the plan fails we will look into the reasons and divide it into technical
aspects and marketing related issues.
If the customer expects more from our cars or we have a competition then we
hope the R&D wing will come up with necessary technical developments and also
improvement in creatively aesthetic designs.

If it is the marketing sector causing the snag then we must look into much more
creative advertisement making and more digital promotions.

Controlling the process and taking care of safety and make sure that only non-
defective products are produced. Since too many faults cannot be tolerated and
would add to the burden of the company and cause extreme and reckless use of
resources in an unwanted manner. We expect to manage our production in the best
way possible with the allocated capital and constraint on the manufacturing as well
as marketing scenario and spending power and willingness of the people (Found
using surveys) to buy our goods and services and prefer us over others.
 Operations Management

Operations management is the administration of business practices to create the

highest level of efficiency possible within an organization. It is concerned with
converting materials and labour into goods and services as efficiently as possible to
maximize the profit of an organization. Operations management teams attempt to
balance costs with revenue to achieve the highest net operating profit possible.
Operations management handles various strategic issues, including determining
the size of manufacturing plants and project management methods and
implementing the structure of information technology networks. Other operational
issues include the management of inventory levels, including work-in-process
levels and raw materials acquisition, quality control, materials handling, and
maintenance policies.
Operations management entails studying the use of raw materials and ensuring
minimal waste occurs. Operations managers utilize numerous formulas, such as the
economic order quantity formula to determine when and how large of an inventory
order to process and how much inventory to hold on hand.
A critical function of operations management relates to the management of
inventory through the supply chain. To be an effective operations management
professional, one must be able to understand the processes that are essential to
what a company does and get them to flow and work together seamlessly. The
coordination involved in setting up business processes in an efficient way requires
a solid understanding of logistics.
Operations management approaches the acquisition of materials and the use of
labour in a timely, cost-effective manner to deliver customer expectations.
Inventory levels are monitored to ensure excessive quantities are on hand.
Operations management is responsible for finding vendors that supply the
appropriate goods at reasonable prices and have the ability to deliver the product
when needed.
Another large facet of operations management involves the delivery of goods
to customers. This includes ensuring products are delivered within the agreed time
commitment. Operations management also typically follows up with customers to
ensure the products meet quality and functionality needs. Finally, operations
management takes the feedback received and distributes the relevant information
to each department to use in process improvement.
Operations managers are involved in coordinating and developing new
processes while re-evaluating current structures. Organization and productivity are
two key drivers of being an operations manager, and the work often requires
versatility and innovation.
 The 16 principles of operations management

1. Team up with customers. Know what they buy and use, and organize
product families accordingly.
2. Continual, rapid improvement. Aim for non-stop improvement to always
deliver the best quality, aim for a quicker response to customer demand, and
always offer maximum flexibility. Thus, it gives more value, in a more flexible
way.
3. Unified purpose. Involve frontline employees in strategic discussions to
make sure they understand the purpose of their work and have their say in what to
change.
4. Know the competition. Know their customers, their best practices, and their
competitive edges.
5. Focus. Allow no variations that the customers don’t buy or demand.
6. Organize resources. Set priorities in organizing resources in a way the
operations are close to the customer rate of use or demand.
7. Invest in HR. Offer cross-training options, job rotation, and improvements
in work safety and health. Also offer more rewards and recognitions.
8. Maintain equipment. Always think of improvement of current assets first,
instead of a new purchase.
9. Simple “best” equipment. Keep the equipment as simple and flexible as
possible, at a reasonable cost.
10. Minimize human error. Improve the equipment and keep frontline
workers accountable.
11. Cut times. Shorten product path to customer by making processes and
delivery faster.
12. Cut setup. Be prepared to support different processes and get all
information and tools ready for on-demand production.
13. Pull system. Improve the workflow and cut the waste by producing on
demand.
14. Total quality control. Use only the best materials, processes, and partners.
15. Fix causes. Focus on controlling the root causes that really affect cost and
performance.
16. Visibility management. Promote corporate achievements, let the market
know about your improvements in competence or productivity.
 There are different techniques to manage the operation, some are
mentioned below:-
1. 5s Principle
2. 3r Principle
3. Sig Sigma Principle
4. Reconfigurable Manufacturing System
5. Business Process Reengineering

5’s Principles:-
Sort: - Sort through materials, keeping only the essential items needed to
complete tasks. (This action involves going through all the contents of a workspace
to determine which are needed and which can be removed. Everything that is not
used to complete a work process should leave the work area.)
Set in Order: - Ensure that all items are organized and each item has a
designated place. Organize all the items left in the workplace in a logical way so
they make tasks easier for workers to complete. This often involves placing items
in ergonomic locations where people will not need to bend or make extra
movements to reach them.
Shine: - Proactive efforts to keep workplace areas clean and orderly to ensure
purpose-driven work. This means cleaning and maintaining the newly organized
workspace. It can involve routine tasks such as mopping, dusting, etc. or
performing maintenance on machinery, tools, and other equipment.
Standardize: - Create a set of standards for both organization and processes. In
essence, this is where you take the first three S's and make rules for how and when
these tasks will be performed. These standards can involve schedules, charts, lists,
etc.
Sustain: - Sustain new practices and conduct audits to maintain discipline.
This means the previous four S's must be continued over time. This is achieved by
developing a sense of self-discipline in employees who will participate in 5S.
 Six Sigma:-

Define the system, the voice of the customer and their requirements, and the
project goals, specifically.
Measure key aspects of the current process and collect relevant data; calculate
the 'as-is' Process Capability.
Analyse the data to investigate and verify cause-and-effect relationships.
Determine what the relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have
been considered. Seek out root cause of the defect under investigation.
Improve or optimize the current process based upon data analysis using
techniques such as design of experiments, poke yoke or mistake proofing, and
standard work to create a new, future state process. Set up pilot runs to establish
process capability.
Control the future state process to ensure that any deviations from the target
are corrected before they result in defects. Implement control systems such as
statistical process control, production boards, visual workplaces, and continuously
monitor the process. This process is repeated until the desired quality level is
obtained

3R Principle:-
Replacement: methods which avoid or replace the use of animals in research
Reduction: use of methods that enable researchers to obtain comparable levels
of information from fewer animals, or to obtain more information from the same
number of animals.
Refinement: use of methods that alleviate or minimize potential pain, suffering
or distress, and enhance animal welfare for the animals used.
Business Process Reengineering (BPR):-
• Identity and Communicating the Need for Change
• Put Together a Team of Experts
• Find the Inefficient Processes and Define Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
• Reengineer the Processes and Compare KPIs
 Manufacturing and Operations

Design

The space frame, seat frames, wheels, and body were designed for high
strength for safety and the lightest possible weight. This meant new configurations
that provide support for the components and occupants with minimal mass and use
of high-tech materials including aluminium, magnesium, and advanced composite
plastics. Because there is no exhaust system, the underside is made aerodynamic
with a full belly pan. All extra details had to be eliminated while leaving the
comforts drivers find desirable and adding new considerations unique to electric
automobiles. One eliminated detail was the spare tire. The detail of the rod-like
radio antennae was removed; it causes wind resistance that robs energy and uses
energy to power it up and down. An added consideration was the pedestrian
warning system; tests of prototypes showed that electric cars run so quietly that
pedestrians don't hear them approach. Driver-activated flashing lights and beeps
warn pedestrians that the car is approaching and work automatically when the car
is in reverse. Windshields of solar glass were also an important addition to regulate
the interior temperature and minimize the need for air conditioning and heating.

Manufacturing Process

Components and modules can be manufactured at separate side lines, which are
then fed into the main line, to perform the mixed final vehicle manufacturing.

The assemblers work in build-station teams to foster team spirit and mutual
support, and parts are stored in modular units called creform racks of flexible
plastic tubes and joints that are easy to fill and reshape for different parts. On the
high-tech side, each station is equipped with one torque wrench with multiple
heads; when the assembler locks on the appropriate size of head, computer controls
for the machine select the correct torque setting for the fasteners that fit that head.

Body shop

The body for the electric car is handcrafted at six work stations.

• 1 Parts of the aluminium space frame are put together in sections called
subassemblies that are constructed of prefabricated pieces that are welded or glued
together. The glue is an adhesive bonding material, and it provides a connection
that is more durable and stiffer than welding. As the subassemblies for the
undercarriage of the car are completed, they are bonded to each other until the
entire underbody is finished.

• 2 the subassemblies for the upper part of the body are also bonded to make
larger sections. The completed sections are similarly welded or glued until the
body frame is finished. The body is added to the underbody. The adhesive used
throughout staged assembly of the frame is then cured by conveying the body
through a two-stage oven.

• 3 The roof is attached. Like other parts of the exterior, it has already been
painted. The underbody and the rest of the frame are coated with protective
sealants, and the finished body is moved to the general assembly area.

Supply Chain

A car's "production" plant is an active assembly point, where skilled workers

and robotic systems bring together all of the necessary loose components to create
a final product on a "just-in-time" basis.

Chassis

The chassis of the car is the baseline component. All other parts are integrated
on, or within the chassis. This is typically a welded frame that's initially attached to
a conveyor that moves along a production line. As the frame progresses, the car is
literally "built from the frame up" to create a final product. Parts that are
sequentially applied to the chassis include the front and rear suspension, gas tank,
rear-end and half-shafts, transmission, drive shaft, gear box, steering box, wheel
drums and the brake system.

Body

Once the "running gear" is integrated within the frame, the body is constructed
as a secondary process. First, the floor plan is positioned properly, then the left and
right quarter panels are positioned and welded to the floor structure. This step is
followed by adding the front/rear door pillars, the body side panels, rear deck,
hood and roof. The entire process is typically executed by robotic machines.
Paint

Before painting the vehicle, a quality control team inspects the body as it sits.
Skilled workers look for dents, abrasives or other deformations that could create a
finishing problem when undergoing the painting process. Once this step is
completed, the car is automatically "dipped" with primer, followed by a layer of
undercoat and dried in a heated paint bay. Once the primer/undercoat process is
finished, the car is again "dipped" with the base coat and again dried before
moving the assembly to the next stage.

Interior

After the structure is entirely painted, the body is moved to the interior
department in the plant. There, all of the internal components are integrated with
the body. These components include: instrumentation, wiring systems, dash panels,
interior lights, seats, door/trim panels, headliner, radio, speakers, glass, steering
column, all weather-striping, brake and gas pedals, carpeting and front/rear fascias.

Chassis/Body Mating

The two central major assemblies are next mated for final setup and roll-out.
Again, this process is executed via computer and control machines to ensure speed,
and perfect the fit between the body assembly and the chassis. Once the car is
rolling on its own, it's driven to the final quality control point, inspected and placed
in a waiting line for transportation to its final dealer destination.

General assembly

General assembly of the operating components and interior of the electric car is
completed at eight other work stations.

1. At the first assembly station, the first set of the electric car's complex
electronics are put in place. This includes the body wiring and seating of the
Power Electronics Bay which holds the Propulsion Control Module,
integrated drive unit, and a small radiator. The integrated drive unit consists
of the alternating current induction motor and a two-stage gear reduction
and differential. These units are all preassembled in their own housings. The
components of the control console are also installed.
2. The interior is outfitted. Flooring, seats, carpeting, and the console and dash
are placed in the car. The process is simple because the instrument panel
and console cover are made of moulded, fiberglass reinforced urethane that
has been coated with more urethane of finish quality and with a non-
reflective surface. These two pieces are strong and don't need other
supports, brackets, or mounting plates. Assembly is straight forward, and
performance is superior because fewer pieces reduce possibilities for rattles
and squeaks.

3. At the third work station, the air conditioning, heating, and circulation
system is inserted, and the system is filled.

4. The battery pack is added. The T-shaped unit is seated by lifting the heavy
pack using a special hoist up into the car. The pack is attached to the
chassis, as are the axles complete with wheels and tires. With both batteries
and the propulsion unit in place, the car no longer has to be moved from
station to station on specially designed dollies. Instead, it is driven to the
remaining work stations. The system is powered up and checked before it is
driven to the next team.

5. The windshield is installed and other fluids are added and checked. The
door systems (complete with vinyl interiors, arm rests, electronics, and
windows) are also attached, and all the connections are completed and
checked. The exterior panels are added. Similar to the roof and doors, they
have been prepared and painted before being brought to the work station.
The final trim is attached to complete the upper exterior.

6. At the final work station, the alignment is checked and adjusted, and the
under-body panel is bolted into place. The process concludes with the last,
comprehensive quality control check. Pressurized water is sprayed on the
vehicle for eight minutes, and all the seals are checked for leaks. On a
specialized test track, the car is checked for noises, squeaks, and rattles on a
quality-based test drive. A lengthy and thorough visual inspection concludes
the quality audit.
 Quality Control

Each work station has two team members to support each other and provide
internal checks on their part of the process. On a relatively small assembly line like
this one for the electric car (75 assemblers in a General Motors plant), the workers
all know each other, so there is also a larger team spirit that boosts pride and
cooperation. Consequently, the only major quality control operation concludes the
assembly process and consists of a comprehensive set of tests and inspections.
Unique to manufacture of the electric car, the operation of the car has been
tested during the final assembly steps. The car has no exhaust system and emits no
gases or pollutants, so, after the battery pack and propulsion unit have been
installed, the car can be driven inside the plant. Proof that the product works
several steps before it is finished is a reassuring quality check.

By-products/Waste

There are no by-products from the manufacture of electric cars. Waste within
the assembly factory also is minimal to non-existent because parts, components,
and subassemblies were all made elsewhere. Trimmings and other waste are
recaptured by these suppliers, and most are recyclable.

Industry 4.0

An Industry 4.0 strategy deploys seamless connectivity and data sharing, as

well as industrial IoT technologies, at an enterprise level. The associated
improvement of visibility into vehicle production processes helps workers at every
level make better and faster decisions. Smart features and downloadable updates
are making electric vehicles more like consumer-electronics products. And these
smarter, more connected vehicles require a smarter, more connected production
approach.
Licenses and permits

Following are some of the most common licenses and permit business owners may
need and where to go for more information.

Business License

Contact your city's business license department to find out about getting a business
license, which essentially grants you the right (after you pay a fee, of course) to
operate a business in that city. When you file your license application, the city
planning or zoning department will check to make sure your area is zoned for the
purpose you want to use it for and that there are enough parking spaces to meet the
codes.
You can't operate in an area that is not zoned for your type of business unless you
first get a variance or conditional-use permit. To get a variance, you'll need to
present your case before your city's planning commission. In many cases, variances
are quite easy to get, as long as you can show that your business won't disrupt the
character of the neighbourhood where you plan to locate.

What Types of Licenses and Permits Does a Business Need?

Following is a discussion of some of the most common types of licensing and

permit requirements that affect small businesses. This list is by no means
exhaustive, and it is important to check with government agencies at all regulatory
levels to ensure that your business has obtained all necessary licenses and permits:

Business Licenses: There are many types of licenses. You need one to operate
legally almost everywhere. If the business is located within an incorporated city's
limits, a license must be obtained from the city; if outside the city limits, then from
the county. For more information contact the county or city office in your area or
the SBA website that offers business license information.

Property Use Permits: If you start a business that involves manufacturing, or if

you decide to begin operating a business out of your home, depending on your
location you may need to obtain a land use permit from your city or county's
zoning department.

Building Permits: If you are constructing a new building, or expanding or

renovating an existing building in order to operate a business, you will most likely
need to obtain a building permit from the city or county. The process may require
that you submit a detailed set of plans to the department prior to approval of the
work and issuance of the permit.

Certificate of Occupancy: If you are planning on occupying a new or used

building for a new business, you may have to apply for a Certificate of Occupancy
from a city or county zoning department.

Health Department Permits: These permits are most often required for
businesses involve in the preparation and/or sale of food, among other types of
businesses.

Licenses Based on Type of Product Sold: Some state licensing requirements are
based on the type of product the business sells. For example, most states require
special licenses before a business may sell liquor, lottery tickets, gasoline or
firearms.

Professional / Occupational Licenses: If you intend to open a business, and you

(and/or the people who work for you) will be offering services in a wide range of
areas -- including medical care, auto repair, real estate sales, tax services,
cosmetology, and legal representation (attorneys) -- the business itself and/or the
individual employees working for the business must apply for and obtain state
licenses authorizing the practice of such a profession or occupation.

Employer Identification Number: Most business are required to obtain a federal

employer identification number (or EIN; sometimes called a tax identification
number) from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Your business may also need to
acquire a similar tax identification number from your state's department of revenue
or taxation.

Sales Tax Licenses and Numbers: In your state there may be a percent sales and
use tax which applies to the retail purchase, retail site, rental, storage, and use of
personal property and certain services. In other words, sales tax must be collected
on just about every tangible item sold. A sales tax number is required for each
business before opening.
Business Location:
 Sriperumbudur

 An industrial location which is easily accessible, near to local

market (for buying parts), near to customers (near Chennai).
 A place for a lot of customers who can afford to change from regular
transportation system and support the ideology of the company.
Operating Plan

An Operational Plan is a highly detailed plan that provides a clear picture of how a
company will contribute to the achievement of the organisation's goals. The
operational plan maps out the day-to-day tasks required to run a business and
cover. The plan covers the concept of what, who, when, and how much the
company plans to work. The purpose of the Operational Plan is to provide
organisation personnel with a clear picture of their tasks and responsibilities in line
with the goals and objectives contained within the Strategic Plan. Basically,
the Operational Plan is a plan for the implementation of strategies contained within
the Strategic Plan.

BUDGETARY INFORMATION:

The start-up cost of the company is around 140 crores which is very much higher
than what we can share. So we (10 in number) will invest 5 crores each for the
start-up which makes a capital of 50 crores. Then we will take loan of 40 crores
from bank and other places. We will approach some friends and family members to
get almost 9 crores. Then from bank we will take overdraft to get 1 crore rupees. In
total now we have 100 crores in our hand. We will approach some businessmen
and new entrepreneurs for investing in our company. We will convince at least 10
of them to invest almost 20 crores in our start-up. Then we will get 20 more crores
from stock markets by selling our share which may include even the public. So in
total we will collect 140 crores and will continue with our project. The proposed
financial idea is taken as the main aim for the business and the budget given below
in the table explains how the money is managed and the gross value obtained as
profit. This information is subjected to change depending upon the order received
from the public.

Advertising (print, broadcast and Internet) 50 L

Business Insurance 35 L

Employee Salaries and Commissions 5 Cr

Internet Connection, Landline connection, 70 L

Electricity

Loan and Credit Card Interest & Principal 35 L

Legal/Accounting Fees (Tax) 1 Cr

Postage/Shipping Costs 40 L

Transportation ( site visits, sales calls, customer 30 L

meetings)

Raw materials 40 L
Maintenance & Repairs 10 L

Total 9.1 Cr

WORK & LAYOUT INFORMATION:

The work in the industry can be done based on the industrial engineering concept.
The layout of the process can be fixed-position, cellular, product, process layouts.
The working hours of the industry is from 9 am till 7pm abiding the rules of the
employment law. The schedule for each day is given in each manufacturing and
design sector. The goal of cellular manufacturing is to move as quickly as possible,
make a wide variety of similar products, while making as little waste as possible.
Cellular manufacturing involves the use of multiple cells in an assembly
line fashion. Each of these cells is composed of one or multiple different machines
which accomplish a certain task. The product moves from one cell to the next, each
station completing part of the manufacturing process. Often the cells are arranged
in a U-shape design because this allows for the overseer to move less and have the
ability to more readily watch over the entire process. One of the biggest advantages
of cellular manufacturing is the amount of flexibility that it has. Since most of the
machines are automatic, simple changes can be made very rapidly. This allows for
a variety of scaling for a product, minor changes to the overall design, and in
extreme cases, entirely changing the overall design. These changes, although
tedious, can be accomplished extremely quickly and precisely.

Proposed master-plan looks like:

The services provided for the customers is an inevitable part of the operating plan.
The unique set of members with well verse knowledge in this particular field are
employed in this sector, the working hours of this sector is 24x7 which can provide
best help to the e-car owners who make the major part of the business to be a
profitable one. The major strategies of existing e-car plans are build any hybrid
configuration with any level of electrification, including but not limited to: 48 volt
mild hybrids with electric boost, strong power-split hybrid (HEV), parallel
through-the road (TTR) plug-in hybrids (PHEV), or battery electric vehicles
(BEV), to build controls using a comprehensive controls library, including finite
state machines in GT-SUITE, or co-simulate with Simulink to develop and
optimize control algorithms. Ensure optimized vehicle energy management.
Standard drive cycle tests built-into installation. Advanced capabilities for real-
world driving emissions testing, including a random RDE cycle generator
OPERATING BLUE-PRINT / EVENTS:
TRAINING PLANS:

The technicians in the company must undergo the training plan before involving
themselves into the work. The training plan gives basic crux of the work did and
how the design and manufacturing sector functions for the manufacture of e-car.
The internship opportunity for the mechanical and management studying students
can be also given in our company.

CONSULTATION:

All these ideas are brainstormed and improvising, refreshing of these plans are
made every month depending on the output of the company. This provides efficient
output for the company in both business as well as in the minds of the customer.

Executive summary

The electric car market needs to be stimulated by investments in technology,

infrastructure, and buying incentives. Modelling results have shown that without
these influences, low market penetration rates will persist for decades. When
coupled with investments in renewable electrical generation capacity, widespread
use of battery electric vehicles has the potential to reduce yearly carbon emissions
from the transportation sector by 53%. Annual oil consumption can likewise be
reduced by 70% in 20 years Electric cars have the potential to outperform traditional
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles, and The electric car offers many
benefits over the internal combustion-powered car. Chief among these factors is its
higher energy efficiency

This analysis focuses on the Impact of Electric Vehicles as well as a strategy for the
Implementation of these vehicles into normal society.
Impact

The impact is based on the inference of the economic and environmental impacts
of IC Vehicles. For Daily uses, electric vehicles in their current form are the more
economically sound opinion over the normal internal combustion engine vehicle.
Electric cars of today have a one charge mileage capacity of about 75-250 miles.
At the lower end, the mileage is more than enough to get most Americans through
their daily events, the problem is the high upfront cost to only be able to go but so
far. At the upper range of mileage, the upfront cost is even higher and it still does
not provide people with the same ability to refuel and continue traveling until they
physically cannot go any longer. In a strict comparison of an internal combustion
engine vehicle and an electric vehicle, the electric vehicle wins the lowest
emissions race by a huge margin. Also, strictly looking at the vehicles, they
are much more sustainable because they are powered by a renewable source in
electricity while the internal combustion vehicles are powered by non-renewable
fossil fuels that once burned have a large impact on many
different environmental factors that we need to do a better job conserving. Those
are both strict analysis, in a wider look at the internal combustion vehicle versus
the electric vehicle, if the electricity is not being created by a renewable energy
source then the lines are not so clearly defined
The impact on society is just as great as the impact on the environment. It seems
that electric vehicles can be the medicine that keeps us from making both nature
and ourselves sick. Many of the gases released by internal combustion engine
vehicles have been categorized as carcinogens, and the gases also have been linked
to other less diseases as well. These diseases most often effect the stages in your
life that are most important, the beginning when you are a child and the end, when
you are elderly.

Implementation

In order for the goal of electric vehicles to explore through society and replace the
internal combustion vehicle of old a Transition Plan must be drawn up with
concrete goals on how this will be done. These goals should include making
charging stations more available and accessible in all parts of the nation. There
should also be some sort of governmental intervention or they should at least
address the overall price of Electric Vehicles in order to make them more
affordable for the public, and finally they should continue researching the batteries
of electric vehicles so that they will one day be able to travel much further than
they do today and continue improving.
The key feature of Transition Plan should be long term Viability. As of now, there
is a lot of market space for research into more powerful batteries. In order to
ensure that this technology becomes not only more environmentally friendly than
the combustion engine, but also improves upon key aspects of cars such as
horsepower and speed, public money must be spent to bolster research. Without
the improvements of those factors that consumers demand, electric vehicles will
never be a viable solution.

Another problem is the nation's debt has reached beyond absurd levels, so we are
going to need to implement some creative Budgeting and Funding. There are
currently about a quarter of the states that have incentives for individuals wanting
to purchase Electric Vehicles, and just like with many things the more charging
kiosk bought the less expensive each individual one becomes.
Budget as 140 crores needs to have dedicated planning and Operational plan of the
declared budget. This needs to be done in a creative manner so that our start-up
Klug Rad Inc. finds its feet in the new field of E cars and to enhance its career in
automobile industry. In order for our transition plan to be successful, a
combination of tax raises and slashing of existing subsidies is going to have to be
in effect.

Just like the goals for the plan and funding must be lofty in order to make electric
cars the new norm the Timeline has to be an expedited one as well. The timeline
has to include all of the plan and budgeting. This time span has to be precise and
carry on in an appropriate manner, in order for the electric car to take over its
rightful place at the top.

Timeline can be decided based on the number of E-cars which are going to go on
sale at once, taking contributory factors into consideration like manufacturing cost,
machine design, and demand for vehicle in the market.
The goals, budget and timeline are all very lofty. There is no need to stop there,
the Assessment of what we want to implement should be just as planned before in
the Transition Plan. We cannot consider ourselves completely successful unless in
upcoming few years we have mass amounts of electric cars on the road with a
greater amount than that of internal combustion engine cars. Although we cannot
predict that we would be completely successful a mild victory would be one in
which the policies that will drive the change are enacted in the near future. This
way the goal will still be met just not in our specified time frame