SUB : MATHEMATICS MODULE – 13C

MODULE-13C

Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability,

Mean, median, mode and standard deviation
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1. In an experiment, positive and negative values are equally likely to

occur. The portability at most one negative value in five trials is

a) b) c) d)

Ans:

p= ,q=

Probability = ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) =

2. The annual precipitation data of a city is normally distributed with

mean and standard deviation are 1000mm and 200mm respectively.
The probability that the annual precipitation will be more than
1200mm is

a) <50% b) 50% c) 75% d) 100%

Ans:
More than 1200 means obviously <50%
i.e 1 – f(x)

( )
=1- ∫
√

( )
=1- .∫ dx
√

=1- .
√
( ) ( )
[ ∫ ∫ ]

( )
=1- [∫ ] dx - 0.5
√

( )
= 0.5 - ∫
√

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3. There are two containers, with one containing 4 red and 3 green
balls and other containing 3 blue and 4 green balls. One ball is
drawn at random from each container. The probability that one of
the balls is red and other is blue will be.

a) b) c) d)

Ans:
P(AB) = P(A).P(B)

= =

4. Two coins are simultaneously tossed. The probability of two heads

simultaneously appearing is

a) b) c) d)

Ans:
P(AB) = P(A).P(B)

= =

5. The standard normal probability function can be approximated as

= ( | | )
Where = standard normal deviate.
If mean and standard deviation of annual precipitation are 102cm
and 27 cm respectively, the probability that the annual precipitation
will be between 90cm and 102cm is

a) 66.7% b) 20.0%
c) 33.3% d) 16.7%
Ans:

= 16.7%

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6. If probability density function of a random variable X is

(x) = for and
0 for any other value of x. then

For probability P ( )is

a) 0.247 b) 2.47
c) 24.7 d) 247
Ans:

Total area = 2.∫

⌉ =
Area between - to
⁄ ⁄
= 2.∫ = ⌉ = ( ) =
Probability =

7. A person on a trip has a choice between private car and public

transport. The probability of using a private car and transport. The
probability of using a private car is 0.45. While using the public
transport, further choices available are bus and metro, out of which
the probability of commuting by a bus is 0.55. In such a situation,
the probability (rounded up to two decimals) of using a car, bus and
metro. Respectively would be

a) 0.45, 0.30 and 0.25

b) 0.45, 0.25 and 0.30
c) 0.45, 0.55 and 0.00
d) 0.45, 0.35 and 0.20
Ans:
P(Private car) = 0.45
P(Bus or Metro) = 1 – 0.45 = 0.55
P(Bus) = 0.55 (0.55) = 0.30
P(Metro ) = 1 – 0.45 – 0.3 = 0.25
0.45, 0.30, 0.25
8. If the standard deviation of the spot speed of vehicles in a highway
is 8.8Kmph and the mean speed of the vehicles is 33Kmph, the
coefficient variation in speed is

a) 0.1517 b) 0.1867
c) 0.2666 d) 0.3646
Ans:

Coefficient of variation = = 0.266

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9. If the characteristic strength of concrete is defined as the

strength below which not more than 50% of the test results are
expected to fall, the expression for in terms of mean strength
and standard deviation S would be
a) b)
c) d)
Ans:
If the strength below which not more than 5% means
+ 1.6455 but it is 50% means
It is

10. There are 25 calculators in a box. Two of them are detective.

suppose 5 calculators are randomly picked for inspection (i.e. each
has the same chance of being selected), what is the probability that
only one of the defective calculators will be included in the
inspection

a) b) c) d)

Ans:

Probability=

11. A box contains 10 screws, 3 of which are defective. Two screws

are drawn at random with replacement. The probability that none of
the two screw is defective will be

a) 100% b) 50% c) 49% d) none

Ans:

Probability= =

12. If two dice are thrown, what is the probability that at least one of
them shows a number greater than 3?

a) 0.75 b) 0.8 c) 0.65 d) 0.9

Ans:
Probability

13. Exponential distribution f(x) is defined by f(x)= ,0 < x < ,

then a=

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

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Ans:

∫ ( )

∫ ]

( )= 1
=1

14. The function f(x)= ,0<x<3 is probability function, 0 otherwise

then k=

a) b) c) 1 d) 3

Ans:

{ }

k=

15. If the of x is f(x) = kx (x-1),

0 < x<1, then k=

a) 2 b) 3 c) 6 d) 9
Ans:

k∫ ( )
k[ + ]
k( ) k=6

16. The relation between probability density function and cumulative

density function of a random variable is

a) F(x)= ∫ ( )
b) F(x)= ∫ ( )
c) F(x)= ∫ ( )
d) F(x)= ∫ ( )

Ans:
F(x) =∫ ( )

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17. The marks obtained by students were found normally distributed

with mean 75 and variance 100. The percentage of students who
scored more than 75 marks is

a) 25 b) 50 c) 75 d) 100
Ans:
In normal distribution mean means control value. It is 75. The
students are obtained more than 75 will be 50%

18. The variance of Poisson’s distribution with parameter =2 is

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
Ans:
Mean = m
Standard deviation = √
= m=2

19. For a Poisson’s variant x: p(x=1)=p(x=2), then the mean of x is

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4

Ans:
p(x=1)=

p(x=2)=

Mean = variance =2

20. In a person distribution if 2P(x=1)=P(x=2), then its variance is

a) 0 b) -1 c) 4 d) 2

2.

Mean = variance =4

21. The probability that a pen manufactured by a company will be

defective is ⁄ . If 12 such pens are manufactured, find the
probability that
a) Exactly two will be defective
b) At least two will be defective
c) Nine will be defective.

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A) 0.2301, 0.3412, 0.2833

B) 0.2833, 0.3412, 0.2301
C) 0.3412, 0.2301, 0.2833
D) 0.3412, 0.2833, 0.2301
Ans:

1-[ ]
( ) = 0.2833

22. In a sampling a large number of defectives in a sample of 20 is 2.

Out of 1000 such samples, how many would be expected to contain
at least 3 defective parts.

a) 323 b) 320 c) 330 d) 340

Ans:

Probability =p
q= 0.9
At least 3 defective parts Probability=
1-[ ]
= 0.323
The number of samples having at least three defective
Parts Out of 1000 samples=1000

23. If the probability of a bad reaction from a certain injection is 0.001.

Determine the chance that 2000 individuals more than two will get
a bad reaction.

a) 0.32 b) 0.22 c) 0.12 d) 0.42

Ans:
It follows a Poisson distribution as the
Probability occurrence is very small
Mean= m= np= 2000
Probability that more than 2 will get a bad reaction
= 1-[ ]

=1-[ ]

24. Mean of binomial distribution is

a) b) c) √ d)

Ans:
M= is binominal distribution

25. Standard deviation of binomial deviation is

a) b) c) √ d)

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Ans:
√ binomial distribution

26. If x is a Poisson’s variable such that P(x=2)=9[P(x=4)]+90P(x=6)

then the mean=

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
Ans:

m=1

27. If x is a binominal variant with P= for the experiment of 50 trials,

then the standard deviation is

a) √ b) √ c) 2 d) 4
Ans:

m=1

28. The chance of throwing 7 in a single throw with two dice is

a) ⁄ b) ⁄ c) ⁄ d) ⁄

Ans:
We get 7 by
(1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(4,3),(5,2),(6,1)

29. Two boxes contain 5 white and 7 black balls and 3 white and 9
black balls respectively. One ball is transferred to the second box
and then one ball is drawn from the second box find the probability
that the first ball transferred is black given that the ball drawn is
black.

a) ⁄ b) ⁄ c) ⁄ d) ⁄

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Ans:
P(A) = Probability that the transferred from box 1 to 2 is
black =
P(B) = Probability that the ball drawn from the second box is
black
Case 1: If white ball goes to box II
P( C ) =
Case 2: If black ball goes to box II
P( D ) =
Thus P(B)= P(C)+ P( D )=

P( ⁄ ) Probability of event A when B has occurred

= Probability that the ball drawn second box is black
( ) ( ) ( ⁄ )
=
( ) ( )

30. There are three similar boxes, containing (i) 6 black and 4 white
balls (ii) 3 black and 7 white balls (iii) 5 black and 5 white balls
respectively. If you choose one of them three boxes at random and
from that particular box picks up a ball at random, and find that to
be black, what is the probability that the ball picked up from the
second box?

a) ⁄ b) ⁄ c) ⁄ d) ⁄

Ans:
The total number of black balls= 6+3+5=14

The total number of ways picking black balls=14

Out of these 3 are from 2nd box
Required Probability =

31. Three unbiased coins are tossed, what is the probability of getting
at least 2 tails:

a) ⁄ b) ⁄ c) ⁄ d) ⁄

Ans:
The total cases= 2
Favored cases TTH, TTT, THT, HTT =4

Probability =

32. In a box, there are 8 red, 7 blue and 6 green balls. One ball is
picked up randomly. What is the probability that it is neither blue
nor green?

a) ⁄ b) ⁄ c) ⁄ d) ⁄

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Ans:
Neither blue nor green means red

33. A box contains 20 electric bulbs, out of which 4 are defective. Two
bulbs are chosen at random from this box. The probability that at
least one of these is defective is

a) ⁄ b) ⁄ c) ⁄ d) ⁄

Ans:
Total Cases of non-defective balls=

Probability

Probability of at least one defective= 1-

34. A speaks truth in 75% of cases and B in 80% of cases. In what

percentage of cases are they likely to contradict each other,
narrating the same incident

a) 30% b) 35% c) 40% d) 45%

Ans:
A= Event that A speaks truth
= Event that A speaks lie
B= Event that B speaks truth
= Event that B speaks lie
( ) ( )=

( ) ( )=
contradict each other = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
=

35. A box contains 5 green, 4 yellow and 3 white balls. Three balls are
drawn at random. What is the probability that they are not of same
color.

a) ⁄ b) ⁄ c) ⁄ d) ⁄

Ans:
Total Cases =

Total cases of drawing same color =

Probability of same color =

Probability of not same color=1-

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36. A man and his wife appear in an interview for two vacancies in the
same post. The probability of husband’s selection is ⁄ and the
probability of wife’s selection is ⁄ . What is the probability that
only one of them is selected?

a) ⁄ b) ⁄ c) ⁄ d) ⁄

Ans:
Required probability= p(A and not B) or p(B and not A )
= ( )+ ( )=

37. A bag contains 6 white and 4 red balls. Three balls are drawn at
random. What is the probability that one ball is red and other two
are white?

a) ⁄ b) ⁄ c) ⁄ d) ⁄

Ans:
n(s) =
n( E ) =
( )
p( E ) = =
( )

38. A man can hit a target once in 4 shots. If he fires 4 shots in

succession what is the probability that he will hit the target?

a) 1 b) c) d)

Ans:

P( not hit the target in all four shots) =

P( he will hit the target at least once in four shots)= 1-

39. When 4 dice are through, what is the probability that the number
appears on each of them?

a) ⁄ b) ⁄

c) ⁄ d) ⁄

Ans:
n(s) = 6
n( E ) = 6
( )
P(E ) =
( )

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40. If x is a Poisson variant such that P(x=1)=0.3 P(x=2)=0.2 then

P(x=0)=

⁄ ⁄
a) b)
⁄ ⁄
c) )
Ans:
P(x=1) =
P(x=2)=

⁄
P(x=0)=

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