 4 Months after the execution of GOM-BUR-ZA and Doña
Teodora still in prison.
 Jose was sent in Manila
 He studied in the Ateneo Municipal
 Under the supervision of Spanish Jesuits
 Escuela Pia (Charity School) – former name of Ateneo, a
school for poor boys in Manila.
 Ateneo Municipal – a college under the supervision of
the Spanish Jesuits.
 June 10, 1872 – Rizal accompanied by Paciano went to
Manila.
 Father Magin Ferrando – a collage registrar. He refused
to admit Rizal in Ateneo for to reasons:
1. He was late for registration
2. He was sickly and undersized for his age
 Manuel Xerez Burgos – nephew of Father Burgos. Rizal
was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo.
JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
– It trained the character of the student by rigid discipline
and religious
 Roman Empire – Internos(boarders); blue
banner
 Carthaginian Empire – Externos(non-borders);
red banner
 Emperor – best student in each empire
 Tribune – second best
 Decurion – third best
 Centurion – fourth best
 Stand-bearer – fifth best
 Hemp-fabric trousers and striped cotton coat – Rizal’s
uniform
 Rayadillo – material of the coat
FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO(1872-’73)
 Father Jose Bech – Rizal’s Professor in Ateneo; a tall thin
man, with a body slightly bent forward, a harried walk,
an ascetic face, severed and inspired, small deep-
sunken eyes, a sharp nose…
 A religious Picture – Rizal’s first prize for being brightest
pupil
 Santa Isabel College – school were Rizal took a Private
Lesson to improved his Spanish.
 March 1873 – Rizal returned to Calamba for summer
vacation
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-’74)
 The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas – first
favorite novel of Rizal
 Universal History by Cesar Cantu – Rizal persuaded his
father to buy him this set of historical work
 Dr. Feodor Jagor – a German Scientist-Traveler. He wrote
Travels in the Philippines (1859-1860)
THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO(1874-’75)
 He won only one medal – in Latin
FOURH YEAR IN ATENEO(1875-’76)
 June 16, 1875 – Rizal became an ”Interno” in the Ateneo
 Pader Francisco de Paula Sanchez – great educator and
scholar. One of Rizal’s professor who inspired him to study
harder and to write poetry.
LAST YEAR IN ATENEO(1876-’77)
 The most brilliant Atenean of his time “the pride of the
Jesuits”
 March 23, 1877 – Commencement Day, a 16 year old
Rizal received his Alma Mater, Ateneo Municipal, the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, w/ highest honors.
 Marian Congregation – religious society wherein Rizal
was an active member and later became a secretary
-Rizal cultivated his literary talent under guidance of
Father Sanchez
 Father Jose Vilaclara – advised Rizal to stop communing
with the Muse and pay more attention to more practical
studies.
 Rizal studied painting under the famous Spanish painter,
AGUSTIN SAEZ, and sculpture under ROMUALDO DE
JESUS, noted Filipino Sculpture.
ANECDOTES ON RIZAL
 Felix M. Roxas – Rizal’s contemporaries in the Ateneo,
related an incident of Rizal’s Schooldays
 Manuel xerez Burgos – illustrates Rizal’s predilection to
help the helpless
POEM WRITTEN IN ATENEO
 Mi Primera Inspiracion (My Fisrt Inspiration) – first poem
of Rizal. He probably wrote during his days in Ateneo
which was dedicated to his Mother
MEDICAL STUDIES AT THE UST(1877-’82)
 Philosophy and Letters – Rizal took this Vocational Course
in Ateneo.
 Expert Surveyor – Rizal took this Vocational course in UST
 April 1877 – reasons why he took Philosophy and Letters;
1. His father like
2. He was still uncertain as to what career to
pursue
 Father Pablo Ramon – Rector of Ateneo
 During Rizal’s first school term in UST(1877-’78), Rizal also
studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational course
leading to the title of perito agrimensor (expert surveyor)
 November 25, 1881 – the title was issued to Rizal for
passing the final examination in the surveying course.
 Liceo Artistico-Literario(Artistic-Literary Lyceum) of
Manila – a society of literary men and artists, held a
literary contest in the year 1879
 A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) – Rizal who
was 18 years old, submitted this poem
– is an inspiring poem of flawless form.
– This winning poem of Rizal is a classic in
Philippine literature for two reasons;
1. It was the great poem in Spanish written by a
Filipino, whose merit recognized by Spanish literary
authorities
2. It expressed for the first time the nationalistic
concept that the Filipino, and not foreigners, were
the “fair hope of the Fatherland/Motherland”
– The board of judges, composed of Spaniards, was
impressed by Rizal’s poem and gave it the first prize
which consisted of a silver pen, feather-shaped and
decorated with a gold ribbon.
 El Consejo de los Dioses(The Councils of the Gods) – an
allegorical drama written by Rizal which he entered in
the literary contest of Artistic-Literary Lyceum in 1880 to
commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of
Cervantes
– Was a literary masterpiece based on the Greek
classics
 D.N. del Puzo – a Spanish writer who won the second
prize
 Junto al Pasig(Beside the Pasig) – a zarzuela which was
staged by Ateneans on December 8, 1880, on the
occasion of the annual celebration of the Feats Day of
the Immaculate Conception, Patroness of the Ateneo.
 Vicenta Ybardoloza – a pretty girl colegiala who skillfully
played the harp at the Regalado home, whom Rizal was
infatuated in Pakil
 Compañerismo (Comradeship) – Rizal founded a secret
society of Filipino students in UST in 1880
 Companions of Jehu – members of the society
 Galicano Apacible – Rizal’s cousin from Batangas who is
secretary of the society
UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST
 Rizal found the atmosphere at the UST suffocating to his
sensitive spirit. He was unhappy at this Dominican
Institution of higher learning;
1. The Dominican Professor were hostile to him
2. The Filipino students were racially discriminated
against by the Spaniards
3. The method of instruction was obsolete and
repressive.
ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS
– Rizal had ample time for love. He was a romantic
dreamer who like to sip the “nectar of love”.
 Segunda Katigbak - a pretty 14 years old Batanguena
from Lipa
o Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz
o His first romance was ruined by his own shyness
and reserve
 Jacinta Evardo Laza “Miss L”- “fair seductive and
attractive eyes”, young woman in Calamba, Laguna
– The romance died because of two reasons;
1. The sweet memory of Segunda Katigbak
was still fresh in his heart
2. His father did not like the family of Miss L
 After several months during his sophomore year, he
boarded in the house of Doña Concha Leyva in
Intramuros.
– Next-door neighbors: Capitan Juan and
Capitan Sanday Valenzuela from Pagsanjan,
Laguna.
 Leonor Valenzuela “Orang” – the charming girl
daughter, who was tall girl with regal bearing
– Rizal sent her love notes written in invisible
ink(salt and water)
– During his Junior year, he lived in “Casa
Tomasina” at No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros. His
landlord-uncle Antonio Rivera had a pretty daughter,
Leonor a student at La Concordia College
 Leonor Rivera – Rizal’s cousin from Camiling, Tarlac
– In her letters to Rizal, she signed her name as
“Tamis” in order to camouflage their
relationship
VICTIM OF SPANISH BRUTALITY
 One dark night in Calamba, he did not salute nor say a
courteous “Good evening” to the Lieutenant of the
Guardia Civil.
  With his sword, brutally slashed the latter on Rizal’s back. – Main Character: Simoun
 General Primo Rivera – the Spanish Governor-general of
the Philippines at that time.

RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN

 May 1881, went on a pilgrimage to the town of Pakil, famous
shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores.
 Accompanied by his sisters, Saturnina, Maria, Trinidad and
their female friends.
 Casco – flat-bottom sailing vessel
 Stayed at Mr. and Mrs. Regalado’s home, whose son Nicolas
was Rizal’s friend in Manila.
 From Pakil, Rizal and his party made a side trip to Pagsanjan
for two reasons:
1. It was the native town of Leonor Rivera
2. To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls

UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST

 Rizal became unhappy at this Dominican Institution
because:
1. the Dominican Professor was hostile to him
2. the Filipino student were racially discriminated against by
the Spaniards
3. the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive

DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD

 After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, Rizal
decided to go abroad.
– The people who approved his decision are:
 Paciano
 Saturnina and Lucia
 Uncle Antonio Rivera
 The Valenzuela Family
 Some friends
 The people who did not know his decision are:
 Rizal’s parents
 Leonor Rivera
 Spanish Authorities

IN SUNNY SPAIN
 Rizal’s Secret Mission - To observe keenly the life and
culture, languages and customs, industries and
commerce, governments and laws of the European
nations.
 Amor Patrio - a nationalistic essay wrote by Rizal which
means “Love of Country”.
– This first article sent to his friend in Manila Basilio
Teodoro Moran, publisher of Diariong Tagalog, the
Manila bilingual newspaper (Spanish & Tagalog).
 Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez.
 Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey – had been the City Mayor of
Manila during the administration of the liberal governor
general Carlos Ma. De la Torre (1869 – 1871)
 Consuelo Ortiga y Perez – the pretty daughter of Don
Pablo. Rizal was attracted by her beauty and vivacity.
Rizal suddenly back out for two reasons:
1. He was still engage to Leonor Rivera
2. His friend and co-worker in the Propaganda
Movement, Eduardo de Lete, was madly in love with
Consuelo.
 Circulo Hispano-Filipino – a society of Spaniards and
Filipinos.

RIZAL FIRST VISIT IN PARIS

– Rizal went to Paris in order to specialize in ophthalmology
– He also worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de
Weckert(1885 to 1886) a leading French
ophthalmologist.
 Maximo Viola – a medical student and a member of a
rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan.

NOLI ME TANGERE (Touch Me Not)

– 64 Chapters
– Dedicated to his Motherland
– Idea: Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin – which
portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and
the pathetic conditions of the unfortunate Negro slaves.
– Type: Romantic Novel
– Mood: freshness, color, humor and wit
– Book: A book of feeling “Work of heart”
– Financer: Maximo Viola
– Main Character: Crisostomo Ibarra

EL FILIBUSTERISMO (The Reign of Greed)

– 38 Chapters
– Dedicated to GomBurZa(Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos,
Jacinto Zamora)
– Idea: The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas
– Type: Political Novel
– Mood: Bitterness, hatred, pain, violence and sorrow
– Book: A book of thought “Work of Head”
– Financer: Valentin Ventura