7226slide Reactor PDF

Chemical Reactor Design
Youn-Woo
Y W L Lee
School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Seoul National University
y
155-741, 599 Gwanangro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea  ywlee@snu.ac.kr  http://sfpl.snu.ac.kr
CHAP 1
CHAP.
MOLE BALANCE
Ch i l Reactor
Chemical R t Design
D i
化學反應裝置設計

Chapter 1. Mole Balance
Objectives
After completing Chapter 1, the reader will be able to:
 Define the rate of chemical reaction.
 Apply the mole balance equations to
a batch reactor, CSTR, PFR, and PBR.
 Describe two industrial reaction engineering systems

systems.
 Describe photos of real reactors.

Chapter 1. Mole Balance
11
1.1 The Rate of Reaction,
Reaction -rrA
1.2 The General Mole Balance Equation
1.3 Batch Reactors
1.4 Continuous-Flow Reactors
1.4.1 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor
142
1.4.2 Tubular Reactor
1.4.3 Packed-Bed Reactor
1.5 Industrial Reactors
1.5.1 Liquid-phase reaction
1.5.2 Gas-phase reaction
Industrial Reactors

回分式反応器
Batch Reactor Stirring Apparatus
C
Conventional
ti l jacket
j k t
HANDHOLES

攪拌槽型反應裝置
Cutaway View of CSTR pitched blade turbine
Spiral Agitator
Turbine Type Impeller

flat blade radial turbine
Gas Entrainment
Impeller
Helix Impeller
Marine Type Propeller

Anchor Stirrer
Hydrofoil
http://www.jeiopi.co.kr/english/prd/impeller.htm
CSTR/batch Reactor

Type of Jacket
Half pipe jacket
Conventional jacket
Baffles
Dimpled Jacket
Inner coil type

Heat exchange
www.centralfabricators.com/hpipej.htm impeller
Stirred Tank Reactor

polymerization
p y reactor

管型反應裝置
High Pressure Tubular Reactor for LDPE (Low Density PolyEthylene) plant
ExxonMobil'ss tubular process technology

ExxonMobil
for Sasol's new high-pressure low density
polyethylene (LDPE) plant in Sasolburg,
Sasolburg
South Africa. The new 220,000 ton-per-
year plant is expected to be completed in
2005.

管型反應裝置
Tubular Reactor for SCWO
The Shinko Pantec Plant, Capacity: 1100 kg/h

管型反應裝置
Tubular Reactor for production of ethylbenzene
Ethylene 400oC, 20bar Benzene
177oC 510oC
a bank of catalyst packed tubes

(Zeolite)
430oC, 20bar
Ethylbenzene
The default configuration catalytically reacts ethylene (reactant A) with benzene (reactant B),
an exothermic reaction, to produce ethylbenzene (product C), an intermediate chemical used in
the manufacture of styrene monomer. (http://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200a.htm)
管型反應裝置
Static Mixer in Tubular Reactor

固定層型反應裝置
Industrial Reactor Photos
Reactor System Used at Amoco

“Ultraformer Reactor”-Reforming Petroleum Naphtha
Spherical Reactor at AMOCO Spherical Reactors Connected in Series

Hydrotreating Unit
Catalytic hydrotreating is a hydrogenation
process used to remove about 90% of
contaminants such as nitrogen,
nitrogen sulfur,
sulfur
oxygen, and metals from liquid petroleum
fractions. These contaminants, if not
removed from the petroleum fractions as
they travel through the refinery processing
units, can have detrimental effects on the
equipment, the catalysts, and the quality of
the finished product. Typically, hydrotreating
is done prior to processes such as catalytic
reforming so that the catalyst is not
contaminated by untreated feedstock.
Hydrotreating is also used prior to catalytic
cracking to reduce sulfur and improve
product
d t yields,
i ld and
d to
t upgrade d middle-
iddl
distillate petroleum fractions into finished
kerosene, diesel fuel, and heating fuel oils. In
addition hydrotreating converts olefins and
addition,
aromatics to saturated compounds.

Packed Bed Reactor
Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction at Sasol Limited Chemical
Gas inlet
(50% conversion)
Catalyst
Steam injector
K2O/SiO2 on Fe
BET=200m2/g
Tube bundle
(2050 tubes)
Product
5cm ID X 12 m H
= Light hydrocarbon
+ wax (candle &
printing inks)

流動層型反應裝置
Straight Though Transport Reactor

Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction at Sasol Limited Chemical
Settling
hopper
Riser
(Straight-Through Transport Reactor)
(Circulating Fluidized Bed)
Reactor
Standpipe 3.5 m ID x 38 m H

Straight Though Transport Reactor
waxes and distillate fuels
Tail Gas (T)
catalyst
38% H2
Synoil 35% CH4
12% CO2
Volume=365 m3
11% C2-C
C5
3 5 ID X 38m
3.5m 38 H
7% CO
150 ton Recycle (R)

C t l t
Catalyst
R/T=2
P=25atm
T=350oC
Catalyst Feed
6-9.5 ton/sec 300,000 m3/hr @STP
58% H2
32% CO
9% CH4
1% CO2
http://www.hcasia.safan.com/mag/hnov02/it60.pdf Seoul National University
Sasol Advanced Synthol

y (SAS)
( ) Reactor
light olefins and gasoline fractions

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit

in the petroleum refining industry

Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Reactor 流動層型反應裝置
Stone & Webster’s plant

氣泡塔型反應裝置
Slurry Phase Distillate Reactor

氣泡塔型反應裝置
Bubble Column Reactor

F Fi
For Fischer-Tropsch
h T h Reaction
R ti
www.fe.doe.gov/programs/.../tl_liqphase_schematic
.html Seoul National University
Fluidized Bed Gasification Reactor
GTL reactor for Sasol

www.fao.org/DOCREP/T0512E/ coal-gasified gas into synthetic oil
T0512e0a.htm
Residual Oil Fluidized-Bed Catalytic

y Cracking
g reactor

管型反應裝置
Dimersol G unit ((Two –CSTR and one PFR in series))

Institute Français du Petrόle Process
http://www.ifp.fr/ Dimerization propylene into isohexanes Seoul National University

管型反應裝置
Plug-flow
Plug flow reactor for Dimersol
Dimersol™ process
The finishing reactor (“the snake”) to comply with LPG specification in the USA (less than 5% olefins)
Automotive Catalytic
y Converter
2NO → N2 + O2
2NO2 → N2 + 2O2
2CO + O2 → 2CO2

管型反應裝置
Microreactor and Lab

Lab-on-Chip
on Chip
Microreactor made of silicon Lab on Chip made of glass and polymer

Lab-on-Chip
anodically bonded with glass for DNA amplification and detection
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK

管型反應裝置
Microreactor for DNA analysis
10 nano g / 
 0.1C
50 nano liter
(50h X 500w m)

Oxidation Reactor in Semiconductor Processing

Diamond film is synthesized through CVD
(Ch i l V
(Chemical Vapor DDeposition)
ii )
CVD Diamond coated tools
1 to 2 micron/hour
SEM of Diamond Films on

Si-wafer substrate Seoul National University
Metallization
Integrated Circuit Wafer bis-hexafluoroacetyl-acetonate-CuII

and Packaged Device (CF3COCHCF3CO)2Cu
Chemical Reactions in Microelectronics Processing
Chemical Mechanical Polishing

Chemical Vapor Deposition
Plasma Etching
Electrochemical Deposition

Metal Deposition in Microelectronics Processing
Oxidation reactor silicon-diffusion furnace
Metal Deposition Reactor Seoul National University

Ozone Depletion Reaction in Stratosphere
Paul Crutzen
Mario Molina (Seoul National University)
(MIT)
F. Sherwood Rowland
(U. C. Irvine)

工業反應裝置分類
1. 固定層型反應裝置 (Fixed bed)

1
2. 移動層型反應裝置 (Moving bed)
3 流動層型反應裝置 (Fluidized
3. ( l idi d bed)
b d)
4. 攪拌槽型反應裝置 (Stirred Tank)
5. 氣泡塔型反應裝置 (Bubble cap tower)
6. 管型反應裝置 (Tubular)
7. 火炎型反應裝置 (Flammed)
8 氣流型反應裝置 (Pneumatic conveying)
8.
9. 段塔型反應裝置 (Multi-staged)
10 回轉圓板型反應裝置 (Rotary)
10. (R )
固定層型反應裝置 (Fixed bed)
Gas (Liq) Gas inlet
Liq Gas
Catalyst bed
Gas flow
Gas Gas outlet
Gas (Liq) Liq

(a) Fixed bed (1) (b) Fixed bed (2: Countercurrent) (c) Radial flow type
Outlet gas
Ammonia
+
Air
Pt/Rh gauze
Catalyst Pd/Au screen 2 cm
bed Metal Porous bed
meshh S
Supportt screen
Nitric Oxide
(d) Parallel flow type (e) Thin bed catalysis reactor (Ammonia Oxidation)

移動層型反應裝置 (Moving bed)
Gas Catalyst solid solid
Gas
Gas Gas
Gas Gas
Gas solid solid
(a) Countercurrent (b) Countercurrent (c) Cross flow
(gas-solid cat. rxn) (gas-solid rxn)
solid
Gas
solid Gas
solid
Gas
(d) Moving grid
Gas
solid Gas
Solid
Gas
solid
(e) Rotary kiln (rotated)
(f) Multistaged

流動層型反應裝置 (Fluidized bed) Gas
Gas
Solid
Solid
Gas Gas
(a) Fluidized bed (b) Fluidized bed
(gas-solid cat.) (gas-solid rxn)
Gas
Gas
Liquid Gas
Solid
Flow
Solid
Particle
Solid
Solid Particle
Liquid
Gas Gas Gas

(c) 3 Fluidized bed (d) High flow fluidized bed (e) Spray flow bed

攪拌槽型反應裝置 (Stirred Tank)
Reactant inlet G
Gas
Baffles Steam
Liquid
Steam Heat
H
Transfer
Jacket
Coil
Impeller Liquid
Gas
Products outlet
(a) CSTR (Jacket) (a) CSTR (Coiled) (c) CSTR (G-L)
Products
Impeller
Reactant inlet
Products
Reactant inlet
(d) Series CSTRs (e) Multi-Staged CSTRs

氣泡塔型反應裝置 (Bubble cap tower)
Gas Gas Gas
Liquid Liquid Liquid
Heat
Transfer Multi hole plate
Ring Tubes
Sparger
Single hole nozzle
Gas Liquid Multi hole
Gas distributor
Gas
Liquid Gas Liquid
( ) Ring
(a) Ri sparger type
t (b) Si
Single
l nozzlel ( )M
(c) Multi
lti hole
h l
gas distribution gas distribution

管型反應裝置 (Tubular)
HT media
Reactant inlet
Products outlet
Jacket
(a) Single tube type
Gas
Reactant inlet Liquid Gas

Liquid
Boiler for
Steam generation Liquid
HT Media naphtha naphtha Jacket
tubular preheating
tubular
reactor reactor
burner Cooling Gas
burner water
HT Media
Gas
quenching quenching
hi
Liquid Liquid
Products outlet
(b) Multi tube type (c) Burner heated type (d) Wetted wall type (e) Spray tower

段塔型反應裝置 (Multi-staged)
Liquid Gas
Rotating
Disc
Di
Axis
Liquid
Li id
Level
Water
Vessel
回轉圓板型反應裝置 (Rotary)
G Liquid
Gas Li id

Heat Transfer Mode in Fixed bed catalytic reactor
Gas
Gas
Catalyst
Bed
Catalyst
adiabattic
Bed
Catalyst
Bed Cooling
Coils
HT
Media
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
(a) Self-heat exchange (b) Multi-tube heat exchange (c) Internal cooler

Heat Transfer Mode in Stirred Tank Reactor
Reflux Condenser
HT Media
HT Media
Heat Exchanger
Outer Heat Exchanger

Selection of Reactor Type
Phase G L SC GS GL GLS LL LG SS
Reactor
Fixed bed 1 2 3
M i bed
Moving b d 4
Fluidized bed 5 6
Stirred tank 7 8 9 10 11
Bubble cap 12
Tubular 13
Pneumatic 14
G=Gas; phase, L= Liquid phase, SC=Solid catalyst, GS=Gas-Solid phase,

GL=Gas Liquid phase
GL=Gas-Liquid phase, GLS=Gas
GLS=Gas-Liquid-Solid
Liquid Solid phase
phase, LL=Liquid
LL=Liquid-Liquid
Liquid phase,
phase
LG=Liquid-Gas phase, LS=Liquid-Solid phase, SS=Solid-Solid phase
Selection of
Reactor Type 1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene
Ammonia Synthesis
Naphtha Reforming Reaction
2. Hydrodesulphurization
3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction
4. Production of Steel in Furnace
5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking
6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene
Fl idi d C
Fluidized Coall C
Combustion
b ti
7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene
8. Production of Antibiotics
9. Production of Terephthalic Acid
Hydrogenation of Edible Oil
10 Em
10. Emulsion
lsion Polymerization
Pol meri ation of SBR
11. Production of HDPE
12. Liquid
q p
phase Oxidation of Olefin
13. Production of Ethylene by Cracking of Naphtha
14. Production of Syngas
Batch Reactor
Characteristics No charge or discharge during reaction
Phases Gas, Liquid, Liquid/Solid
Application Small scale production

Intermediate or one shot production
Pharmaceutical
Fermentation
agricultural chemistry
Ad
Advantages
t High
Hi h conversion
i per unit it volume
l f one pass
for
Flexibility of operation
(same reactor can produce one product one time
and a different product the next)
Easy to clean
Disadvantages High operation cost

Product quality can be changed batch to batch
Semi--batch Reactor
Semi
Characteristics Either one reactant is charged and the other is led continuously
(at small concentrations) or else one of the product can be
removed continuously to avoid side reaction.
Phases Gas/Liquid Liquid/Solid

Gas/Liquid,
Application Small scale production

C
Competing
ti reactions
ti
Advantages High conversion per unit volume for one run

Good selectivity
Flexibility of operation
((can be used with a reflux condenser for solvent recovery
y
or in bubble type runs)
Disadvantages High operation cost

Product quality more variable than with continuous operation
Continuous--Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
Continuous
Characteristics Run at steady state with continuous flow of reactants
and products: the feed assumes a uniform composition
through the reactor, exit stream has the same
composition as in the tank
Phases Liquid, Gas/Liquid, Liquid/Solid
Application
pp When agitation
g is required,
q , Series configurations
g for
different concentration streams
Advantages Continuous operation

Good temperature control
Easily adapts to two phase runs
Low operating (labor) cost
Easy to clean
Di d
Disadvantages
t Lowestt conversion
L i per unit
it volume
l
By-passing and channeling possible with poor agitation
Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)
Characteristics One long reactor or many short reactors in a tube bank
No radial variation in reaction rate (concentration)
Changes with length down the reactor
Phases Gas
Application Large scale production/Continuous Production

Fast reaction
Hi h Temperature
High T t
Advantages High conversion per unit volume

L operating
Low ti (labor)
(l b ) costt
Continuous operation
Good heat transfer
Disadvantages Undesired thermal gradients

Poor temperature control (hot spot)
Shutdown and cleaning may be expensive

Packed--Bed Reactor (PBR)
Packed
Characteristics Tubular reactor that is packed with solid catalyst
Phases Gas/Solid catalyst, Gas/Solid
Application Heterogeneous gas phase reaction with a catalyst
Advantages High conversion per unit mass of catalyst

Low operating (labor) cost
Continuous operation
Disadvantages Undesired thermal gradients

Poor temperature
p control ((hot spot)
p )
Channeling
Shutdown and cleaning may be expensive

Fluidized-Bed Reactor (PBR)
Characteristics Heterogeneous reaction
Like a CSTR in that the reactants are well mixed
Phases Gas/Solid catalyst, Gas/Solid
Application Heterogeneous gas phase reaction with a catalyst
Advantages Good mixing

Good uniformity of temperature
C t l t can be
Catalyst b continuously
ti l regenerated
t d
with the use of an auxiliary loop
Disadvantages Bed-fluid mechanics are not well known

Severe agitation can result in catalyst destruction
and dust
d st formation
Uncertain scale-up
General Mole Balance
on control volume

Balance on control volume
N j  moles
control volume
Nj
Fj0 Fj
Gj = rj · V moles moles
Gj    volume
time time  volume
A mole balance on species j, at any time, t, yields

Rate of flow Rate of flow Rate of generation Rate of
of j into the of j out of of j by chem. rxn accumulation of j
system - the system + within the system = within the system
(mole/time) (mole/time) (mole/time) (mole/time)
in - out + generation = accumulation
dN j
F j0  Fj  Gj 
dt
Rate of formation of species j by chem. rxn
Suppose that the rate of formation of species j for the reaction varies with
the position in the control volume. The rate of generation, Gj1, in terms of
rj1 andd sub-volume
b l  1 is
V i
G j1  rj1  V1 V1 V2
rj1
If the total control volume is divided into
rj2
M sub-volume, the total rate of generation is
M M V
Gj   G
i 1
ji   r V
i 1
ji i
By taking the limits (i.e., let M →  and V → 0) and making use of the
definition of integral, we can rewrite the foregoing equation in the form
V
Gj   rj dV
r j can have different values at difference locations in the reactor since the
properties of the reacting materials (e.g., conc., temp.) Seoul National University
1.2 The General Mole Balance Equation
(
(GMBE)
)
V dN j
Fj 0  Fj   rj dV  (1-4)
dt
With this GMBE, we can develop the design equations for the
various types of industrial reactors: batch, semi semi-batch,
batch, and
continuous-flow. Upon evaluation of these equations we can
determine the time (batch) or reactor volume (continuous-flow)
necessary to convert a specified amount of reactants to products.
The most common industrial reactors
batch reactor CSTR

(b k i reactor)
(backmix t )
Reactants
Products
PFR PBR
(tubular reactor) (packed-bed reactor)
Reactants Products Reactants Products

Ideal Reactor Type
Batch Reactor
 uniform composition everywhere in the reactor
 the composition changes with time
Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
 uniform composition everywhere in the reactor (well mixed)
 same composition at the reactor exit
Tubular Reactor (PFR)

 fluid passes through the reactor with no mixing of earlier
and later entering fluid, and with no overtaking.
 It
I iis as if the
h fluid
fl id movedd in
i single
i l file
fil through
h h the
h reactor
 There is no radial variation in concentration (plug-flow reactor)
1.3 Batch Reactors
If the reaction mixture is

0 0 dN j V perfectly mixed so that there
 r j dV  Vrj
V
GMBE
F j 0  F j   r j dV  is no variation in the rate of
dt reaction throughout the
reactor volume, we can take rj
out of the integral and write
the GMBE in the form
dN A
 rA V
Design Equation
for Batch reactor (1-5)
(1 5)
dt
dN A IIntegrating
t ti with ith li
limits
it that
th t
dt  at t = 0, NA = NA0
rA V at t = t1, NA = NA1
What time is necessary to

N A0 dN A

reduce
d the
h initial
i i i l number
b off
moles from NA0 to a final t1  (1-6)
desired number NA1? N A1  rA V
1.3 Batch Reactors
A B
dN A
 rA V
dt
NA0 N A0 dN A
t1  
N A1 rA V
NB1
NA NB
NA1
t1 t1
t t
Moles of A change with time Moles of B increase with time
1.4.1 Continuous-
Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
0 Fj0
dN j V

V
GMBE Fj 0  Fj   rj dV  r j dV  Vr
V j
dt Fj
Design Equation Fj 0  Fj The CSTR is normally run at steady state and

for CSTR V (1-7) is assumed to be perfect mixed.
 rj - No
N temporal,
t l spatial
ti l variations
i ti i conc., temp.,
in t
or rxn rate throughout the vessel
- Conc. and temp at exit are the same as they are
elsewhere in the tank
 Cj v
Fj
- Non-ideal mixing, residence-time distribution
moles moles volume
 
Fj  Cj v (1-8)
model is needed
time volume time
The reactor volume, V,

necessary to reduce the v0 C A0  vC A
entering flow rate from Fj0 V (1-9)
to the exit flow rate Fj at  rA
reaction rate of rj. Seoul National University
1.4.2 Tubular Reactor (PFR)
- The reactants are continually consumed as they flow down the length of the reactor
- The concentration varies continuously in the axial direction through the reactor.
- Consequently,
C tl the
th reaction
ti ratet will
ill also
l vary axially.
i ll
- To develop the PFR design equation, we shall divide (conceptually) the reactor into
a number of sub-volumes so that within each sub-volume V, the reaction rate may be
considered spatially uniform.
uniform
y
Fj 0 F j , exit
y y  y
Fj ( y) V F j ( y  y )
Let Fj(y) represent the molar flow rate of species j into volume V at y
Fj(y+y) represent the molar flow rate of species j out of volume V at (y+y)
In a spatially uniform sub-volume V,

V
 rj dV  rj V
0
dN j V

V
Fj  Fj   rj dV  rj dV  rj V
GMBE
in V
V V  V dt
 Fj  Fj 
lim  V  V V
  rj (1-10)
V 0
 V 
dF j Integrating with limits that

Design Equation
for PFR  rj (1-11) at V = 0, FA = FA0
dV at V = V1, FA = FA1
The reactor volume, V1,

dFA
FA1
V1  
necessary to reduce the
entering molar flow rate FA0 (1-13)
to some specified value FA1 FA 0 r
A
at reaction rate of rA. Seoul National University
A B
dFA
 rA
dV
FA0 FA 0 dF A
V1  F A1  rA
FB1
FA FB
FA1
V1 V1
V V
Figure 1-12 profiles of molar flow rates in a PFR

1.4.3 Packed-
Packed-Bed Reactor (PBR)
For a fluid-solid heterogeneous system, the rate of reaction of a substance A is defined as
gmol A reacted
r  '
sec g catalyst
A
The mass of solid is used because the amount of the catalyst is what is important to the –r’A
W
FA0 FA
W W  W
FA (W ) F A(W  W )
rA' W
FA (W )  FA (W  W )  rA' W  0
In - out + generation = accumulation
dFA FA
Design Equation
W  No pressure drop
FA 0 r '
for PBR
No catalyst decay
A
Example 11--1 How large is it? (PFR)
rA=-kCA
The first
first-order
order reaction (liquid phase rxn)
CA0 v0 V CA
A  B
is carried out in a tubular reactor in which the volumetric flow rate, v0, is
constant.
(1) Derive an equation relating the reactor volume (V) to the entering
concentration of A (CA0), the rate constant k, and the volumetric flow rate
v0.
(2) D
Determine
t i the
th reactort volume
l necessary to
t reduce
d the
th exiting
iti
concentration (CA) to 10% of the entering concentration (CA0) when the
volumetric flow rate ((v0) is 10 ℓ/min and the specific
p reaction rate,, k,, is
0.23 min-1.
Example 11--1 How large is it? (PFR)
v0 CA dC A V
C A0A0 C A  0 dV
GMBE dFA 
for PFR
 rA
dV k
dFA
 rA v0 C A0 Tubular,
dV V  ln 1st order rxn
k CA
 rA  kC A ( st-order
(1
reaction)
10l / min C A0
dFA d (C Av0 ) dC A V 1
ln
  v0 0.23 min 0.1C A0
dV dV dV
10l
dC A  ln 10
Combine
v0  kC
k A 0.23
both side
dV  100l
v0  dC A  A reactor volume of 100L is necessary to
    dV convert 90% of species A entering into
k  CA  product B for the parameter given.
P1--6B
P1 How large is it? (CSTR)
Fj0
The first
first-order
order reaction (liquid phase rxn) V
Fj
A  B
rA=-kC
kCA
is carried out in a CSTR in which the volumetric flow rate, v0, is constant.
(1) Derive an equation relating the reactor volume (V) to the entering
concentration of A (CA0), the rate constant k, and the volumetric flow rate
v0.
(2) Determine the reactor volume necessary to reduce the exiting

concentration
t ti (CA) tto 10% off the
th entering
t i concentration
t ti (CA0) when h th the
volumetric flow rate (v0) is 10 ℓ/min and the specific reaction rate, k, is
0.23 min-1.

P1--6B
P1 How large is it? (CSTR)
For CSTR,
Fj0
the mole balance on species
p A was shown to be V
FA0  FA C A0 v0  C Av0 Fj
V 
 rA kC A rA=-kC
kCA
C A  0.1C A0 , v0  10 / min,

i andd i 1
k  0.23 min
C A0 v0  C Av0 0.9v0
V 
0.1kC A0 0.1k
 (9)(10 / min) /(0.23 min 1 )
 391.3
The CSTR is almost 4 times larger than the PFR for getting 90% conversion
Mole Balance on Different Reactor
Reactor Differential Algebraic Integral
NA dN A
dN A
 rAV t
B t h
Batch d
dt N A0 r V
A
FA0  FA
CSTR V
 rA
dFA FA dFA
PFR
 rA V 
dV FA 0 r
A
FA dFA
PBR
dFA
 rA W 
dW FA 0 r 
A

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