Nodia and Company: Gate Solved Paper Electronics & Communication Engineering 2015-2

No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the author.
GATE SOLVED PAPER

Electronics & Communication Engineering
2015-2
Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY
Information contained in this book has been obtained by authors, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither Nodia nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein, and Nodia nor its
authors shall be responsible for any error, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This book
is published with the understanding that Nodia and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting
to render engineering or other professional services.
NODIA AND COMPANY

B-8, Dhanshree Tower Ist, Central Spine, Vidyadhar Nagar, Jaipur 302039
Ph : +91 - 141 - 2101150
www.nodia.co.in
email : enquiry@nodia.co.in
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC
2015-2
General Aptitude
Q. 1 - Q. 5 Carry one mark each.

Q. 1 What is the adverb for the given word below?
Misogynous
(A) Misogynousness (B) Misogynity
(C) Misogynously (D) Misogynous
Sol. 1 Correct option is (C).
. i n
o
Q. 2 Choose the appropriate word-phrase out of the four options given below, to
c
complete the following sentence
.
Dhoni, as well as the other team members of Indian team ______ present on
a
i
the occasion
d
(A) Were (B) Was
o
(C) Has (D) Have
Sol. 2
.
Correct option is (B).
n
w
Here, the focus of sentence is on Dhoni, not team members. Because the team
phrase can be omitted from the sentence, it will be was and not were.
Q. 3
w
Ram and Ramesh appeared in an interview for two vacancies in the same
w
department. The probability of Ram’s selection is 16 and that of Ramesh is 18 .
What is the probability that only one of them will be selected?
©
(A) 47 (B) 1
48 4
(C) 13 (D) 35
48 48
Sol. 3 Correct option is (B).
PRam (Select) = 1
6
PRamesh (Select) = 1
8
PRam (not select) = 5
6
PRamesh (not select) = 7
8
So, P (only one) = P (Ramesh select # Ram not)
+ P (Ram select # Ramesh not)
= 1#5+1#7
8 6 6 8
= 5 + 7 = 12 = 1
48 48 48 4
Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

*Shipping Free* *Maximum Discount*
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2015-2
Q. 4 Choose the word most similar in meaning to the given word:

Awkward
(A) Inept
(B) Graceful
n
(C) Suitable
(D) Dreadful
. i
Sol. 4 Correct option is (A).
c o
Q. 5
a .
An electric bus has on board instruments that report the total electricity consumed
i
since the start of the trip as well as the total distance covered. During a single
d
day of operation, the bus travels on stretches M, N, O and P, in that order. The
o
cumulative distances traveled and the corresponding electricity consumption are
n
shown in the Table below
Stretch
.
Cumulative distance (km) Electricity used (kWh)
M
w 20 12
N
w 45 25
w
O 75 45
P 100 57
©
The stretch where the electricity consumption per km is minimum is
(A) M
n
(B) N
(C) O
. i
o
(D) P
Sol. 5 Correct option is (D).
. c
a
We obtain the electric consumption per km for different stretched as
M = 12 = 0.6
20
d i

n o
N = 25 − 12 = 13 = 0.52
45 − 20 25
.
O = 45 − 25 = 20 = 0.66
w

75 − 45 30
w
P = 57 − 45 = 12 = 0.48
100 − 75 25
w
Hence, for stretch P the electricity consumption per km is minimum.
©
Q. 6 - Q. 10 Carry two marks each.
Q. 6 Given below are two statements followed by two conclusions. Assuming these
statements to be true, decide which one logically follows.
Statements:
I. All film stars are playback singers.
II. All film directors are film stars
Conclusions:
I. All film directors are playback singers.
II. Some film stars are film directors.

(A) Only conclusion I follows

(B) Only conclusion II follows
(C) Neither conclusion I nor II follows
(D) Both conclusions I and II follow
Sol. 6 Correct option is (D)
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
Hence, from Venn diagram above, both conclusions I and II follow.
Q. 7
w
Lamenting the gradual sidelining of the arts in school curricula, a group of
w
prominent artists wrote to the Chief Minister last year, asking him to allocate
w
more funds to support arts education in schools. However, no such increase has
been announced in this year’s Budget. The artists expressed their deep anguish
©
at their request not being approved, but many of them remain optimistic about
funding in the future
Which of the statement(s) below is/are logically valid and can be inferred from
n
the above statements?
. i
(i) The artists expected funding for the arts to increase this year
o
(ii) The Chief Minister was receptive to the idea of increasing funding for the arts
. c
(iii) The Chief Minister is a prominent artist
a
(iv) Schools are giving less importance to arts education nowadays
(A) (iii) and (iv)
d i (B) (i) and (iv)
o
(C) (ii) (iii) and (iv) (D) (i) and (iii)
. n
w
Q. 8 A tiger is 50 leaps of its own behind a deer. The tiger takes 5 leaps per minute
to the deer’s 4. If the tiger and the deer cover 8 metre and 5 metre per leap
w
respectively. What distance in metres will the tiger have to run before it catches
w
the deer?
Sol. 8 Correct answer is 800.
©

So,
One tiger leap = 8 m
Tiger Speed = 5 leap/min
= 40 m/min
One deer leap = 5 m
So, Dear Speed = 4 leap/min
= 20 m/min
After time t tiger catches the deer. Equating the distances, we obtain
Initial gap = 50 leap of time
= 50 # 8 m = 400 m
or 400 m + 20t = 40 # t

t = 400 = 20 min
200
Hence, total distance = 400 + 20 # 20
= 800 m
Q. 9
(A) :1, 3D (B) : 2 , 1D

2 -1
. i n
If a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then ab + bc + ac lies in the interval
(C) :- 1, 2D (D) [2, - 4]

c o
.
1

i a
We know
Given
o
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = 1 d
â + b + c h2 = o2 + b2 + c2 + 2 âb + bc + ca h
So,
. n
â + b + c h2 = 1 + 2 âb + bc + ca h
w
Since, square is always positive quantity, so
1 + 2 âb + bc + ca h $ 0
w

ab + bc + ca $- 1
w
2
Q. 10 In the following sentence certain parts are underlined and marked P, Q and R.
©
One of the parts may contain certain error or may not be acceptable in standard
written communication. Select the part containing an error. Choose D as your
answer if there is no error.
i n
The student corrected all the errors that the instructor marked on the
.
P Q
o
answer book.
c
R
a .
i
(A) P
(B) Q
(C) R
o d
(D) No error
. n
w
w
In the part Q, the is not required.
w
©
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

Electronics & Communication Engineering
Q. 1 - Q. 25 Carry one mark each.

Q. 1
. i n
Let the signal f (t) = 0 outside the interval T1 , T2 , where T1 and T2 are finite.
Furthermore, f (t) < 3. The region of convergence (ROC) of the signal’s bilateral
Laplace transform F (s) is
c o
.
(A) A parallel strip containing the j Ω axis
a
(B) A parallel strip not containing the j Ω axis
(C) The entire s-plane
d i
o
(D) A half plane containing the j Ω axis
. n
Given f ^ t h = 0 outside interval T1 , T2 .
and
wf ^ t h < 3
w
So, it is a finite duration signal and for the finite duration signal ROC is always
w
entire s-plane.
A unity negative feedback system has an open-loop transfer function G (s) = K
©
Q. 2
s (s + 10)
. The gain K for the system to have a damping ratio of 0.25 is______.
Sol. 2 Correct answer is 400 .
n
Open loop transfer function for negative feedback system is
G ^ s h = K
s ^s + 10h
. i
c o
a .
d i
G ^s h
n o
K
.
1 + G ^s h s2 + 10s + K
=
So, CLTF =
w
Comparing with s2 + 2ξω n s + ω n2 , we get

wξ = 0.25

w
ω n = K
©
2ξω n = 10
ξ = 10 = 0.25
2 K
10 = 1
2 K 4
40 = K
2
20 = K
K = 400
Q. 3 A mod-n counter using a synchronous binary up-counter with synchronous clear
input is shown in the figure. The value of n is_______.

. i n
c o
a .
i
For finding the modular of counter, if the input of NAND gate are 1,1 then the
d
counter will be clear
n o
.
w
w
w
©
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
Q. 4 By performing cascading and/or summing/differencing operations using transfer
function blocks G1 (s) and G2 (s), one CANNOT realize a transfer function of the
form
w
w
G (s)
(A) G1 (s) G2 (s) (B) 1
G2 (s)
w
(C) G1 (s) c 1 + G2 (s)m (D) G1 (s) c 1 - G2 (s)m
G1 (s) G1 (s)
Sol. 4
©
Correct option is (B)
Division of two transfer function can’t be performed by performing cascading
and/or summing/differencing operations.
Q. 5 The electric field of a uniform plane electromagnetic wave is
Ev = (avx + j4avy) exp [j (2π # 107 t − 0.2z)]
The polarization of the wave is
(A) Right handed circular
(B) Right handed elliptical
(C) Left handed circular
(D) Left handed elliptical


Ev = (avx + j4avy) exp [j (2π # 107 t − 0.2z)]
For finding polarization, put Z = 0 so that polarization can be seen in my plane.
Let
i n
Ex = cos ωt

ω = 2π # 107 t
2j
o.
Ey = 4 cos ` ω + =− 4 sin ωt
π
. c
π
As y direction component is multiplied by j , so it is 2 shifted. Hence, it is left
a
hand elliptical polarization.
Q. 6
d i
A piece of silicon is doped uniformly with phosphorous with a doping concentration
o
of 1016 /cm3 . The expected value of mobility versus doping concentration for
n
silicon assuming full dopant ionization is shown below. The charge of an electron
.
is 1.6 # 10-19 C. The conductivity (in S-cm-1 ) of the silicon sample at 300 K is
w
_______.
w
w
©
. i n
c o
a .
d i
Sol. 6 Correct answer is 1.92
n o
.
Semiconductor is doped with phosphorous, so it is N type semiconductor.
Given, donor concentration = 1016 /cm3
w
At this donor concentration, mobility of electron, obtained from the graph, is

w = 1200 cm2 v−1 s−1
w
So, Conductivity N = 6 = eµ n N D
= 1.6 # 10−19 # 1200 # 1016
Q. 7
©
= 1.92 cm−1
In the figure shown, the output Y is required to be Y = AB + C D . The gates G1
and G2 must be, respectively,

(A) NOR, OR (B) OR, NAND

(C) NAND, OR (D) AND, NAND
Sol. 7 Correct option is (A)
Y = AB + C D
n
We need
. i
As Y is sum of two literals, so G2 should be OR gate.
o
Again, to get AB literal G2 should be NOR-gate, i.e.
c
= A+B

= AB

a .
Q. 8
d i
In the bistable circuit shown, the ideal opamp has saturation level of ! 5 V. The
value of R1 (in k Ω) that gives a hysteresis width of 500 mV is _______,
n o
.
w
w
w
Sol. 8 ©
Correct answer is 1.
We have the graph for threshold values as
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
Again, from the op-amp circuit,
w
Vin - 0 = 0 − Vout
R1 R2
w
or Vin = − Vout
R1 R2
or
Given,
© Vin = − R1 Vout
R2
hysteresis width = 500 mV
Since, width = VTH − VTL
or 500 mV =−^− 5hb R1 l + 5 b R1 l
20k 20k
or 500 mV = R1
2k
R1 = 500 # 10−3 # 2 # 103
So,
= 1000 Ω
= 1k

Q. 9 Two causal discrete-time signals x [n] and y [n] are related as y [n] = / n
m=0
x [m]
If the z -transform of y [n] is z (z -2 1) , the value of x [2] is _______.
2
y 6n@ = / X6m@
n
n
Given
. i
n=0
This is accumulation property given as
y 6n@ = u 6n@ x 6n@
c o
.
By z -transformation,
a
Y ^z h
i
Y ^ z h =
^1 − z−1h

Since, Y ^ z h =
o
2
z ^z − 1h2 d
So, 2
.
z ^z - 1h n
2 =
X ^z h z
^z − 1h
w
X ^z h = 2z
−2
w ^z − 1h
or
w
−3
= 2z −1
^1 − z h

©
Again, taking inverse z -transform
x 6n@ = 2u 6n − 3@
Hence, x 62@ = 0
Q. 10 The bilateral Laplace transform of a function f ^ t h = )

1
. i n if a # t # b
o
0 otherwise
c
2
e (a - b)
.
(A) a - b (B)
s s
(C) e
-as
- e-bs (D) es (a - b)
i a
d
s s
o
Sol. 10 Correct option is (C)
n
1, 0 # t # b
f ^ t h = *
.#
Given
0, otherwise
w
F ^ s h =
3 −st
So, 1e dt
w
0
= ;e E
−st b
w

−s a
©
−as −bs
=e −e
+s
Q. 11 The 2-port admittance matrix of the circuit shown is given by
0.3 0.2 15 5
(A) > H (B) >
0.2 0.3 5 15H
3.33 5 0.3 0.4

(C) > H (D) >
5 3.33 0.4 0.3H

Sol. 11 Correct option is (*).

The admittance matrix is defined as
I1 y11 y12 V1
>I H = >y y H>V H
2 21 22 2l
i n
I1 = y11 V1 + y12 V2
I2 = y21 V2 + y22 V2
Now, from the given circuit we have
o.
I1 = V1 + V1 − V2
10 5
.c
I1 = 0.3V1 − 0.2V2
ia
o d
. n
w
w
w
Also, I2 = V2 + V2 − V1
10 5
©
I2 = V2 + V2 − V1
10 5 5
I2 =− 0.2V1 + 0.3V2
n
Hence, the admittance matrix is
Y = >
0.3 − 0.2
− 0.2 0.3 H
. i
c o
Thus, we can observe that any of the options is not correct.
Q. 12
a .
The value of x for which all the eigen-values of the matrix given below are real is
i
R10 5 + j 4 V
S W
S x 20
SS 4
2 W
2 − 10WW
o d
n
T X
.
(A) 5 + j (B) 5 - j
w
(C) 1 - 5j (D) 1 + 5j
w
Sol. 12 Correct option is (B)
R V
w
S10 5 + j 4 W
Given A = S x 20 2 W
©
SS W
4 2 − 10W
T
and eigen values are real. X
For real eigen value, A is Hermitian matrix, i.e.
A = Â hT (1)
R V
S10 5 − j 4 W
Here, A = S x 20 2 W
SS W
4 2 − 10W
T X
R V
S 10 x 4 W
]A g = S5 − j 20 2 W
T
and
SS W
4 2 − 10W
T X
Using equation (1), we get x = 5 − j

Q. 13 The signal cos ^10πt + π4 h is ideally sampled at a sampling frequency of 15 Hz.

sin (pt)
The sampled signal is passed through a filter with impulse response b
pt l
cos
p
a 40pt - 2 k. The filter output is
n
sin (pt)
(A) 15 cos a 40pt - p k (B) 15 c
pt m d
cos 10pt + p n
i
2 4 2 4
(C) 15 cos a10pt - p k (D) 15 b

2 4
o. 2
sin (pt)
pt l a
cos 40pt - p k
2
. c
a
Given continuous time signal,

d i
x ^ t h = cos d10pt + p n
4
o
Here, we neglect the phase-shift π/4 , as it can be inserted in the final result. So,
n
.
we have the Fourier transform pair,
x1 ^ t h = cos 10πt X1 ^ f h = 1 7δ ^ f − 5h + δ ^ f + 5hA
w
L

2
w
Given filter impulse response,
h ^ t h = b sin pt l cos b 40pt − p l
w

pt 2
= ^sin ct h sin ^40πt h
©

Taking its Fourier transform,
H ^ f h = rect f * 1 7d ^ f − 20h − d ^ f + 20hA
n
2j

. i
= 1 7rect ^ f − 20h − rect ^ f + 20hA
o
2j
Now, X1 ^ f h repeats with a value f0 = 15 Hz and each impulse value is 15/2. Thus,
. c
the sampled signal spectrum and the spectrum of the filter is
i a
o d
. n
w
w
w
©
Hence, we get
XS ^ f h H ^ f h = 15 7d ^ f − 20h − d ^ f + 20hA
4j
xr ^ t h = 15 sin ^40πt h
2
= cos c 40pt − p m
15
2 2
This is recovered signal. Hence, applying phase shift π/4 , we get
xr ^ t h = 15 cos d 40pt − p + p n = 15 cos d 40pt − p n
2 2 4 2 4

Q. 14 A sinusoidal signal of amplitude A is quantized by a uniform quantizer Assume

that the signal utilizes all the representation levels of the quantizer. If the signal
to quantization noise ratio is 31.8 dB, the number of levels in the quantizer is
_______
n
SNRq = ^1.76 + 6n h dB
. i
where n = number of bits
c o
.
Given SNR = 31.8 dB
a
1.76 + 6n = 31.8 dB
i
So,
d
or 6n = 30
o
or n = 5
n
Hence, Levels = 2n = 25 = 32

.
. 32 levels
Q. 15
w
The magnitude and phase of the complex Fourier series coefficients ak of a periodic
w
signal x (t) are shown in the figure. Choose the correct statement from the four
w
choices given.
Notation: C is the set of complex numbers, R is the set of purely real numbers,
©
and P is the set purely imaginary numbers.
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
(A) x (t) d R
w
w
(B) x (t) d P
(C) x (t) d (C - R)
Sol. 15
©
(D) The information given is not sufficient to draw any conclusion about x (t)
Correct option is (A)
Since the magnitude spectrum is even then the corresponding time-domain signal
is real signal.
dy 1 + cos 2y
Q. 16 The general solution of the differential equation = is
dx 1 − cos 2x
(A) tan y − cot x = c (c is a constant)
(B) tan x − cot y = c (c is a constant)
(C) tan y + cot x = c (c is a constant)
(D) tan x + cot y = c (c is a constant)

Sol. 16 Correct option is (C)

dy 1 + cos 2y
Given, =
dx 1 − cos 2x
dy dx
=
1 + cos 2y 1 − cos 2x

dy
= dx 2
. i n
o
2 cos2 y 2 sin x
c
# sec ydy = # cosec ydy
2 2
tan y + k =− cot x
a .
tan y + cot x = c
d i
o
Q. 17 An n-type silicon sample is uniformly illuminated with light which generates 1020
n
electron hole pairs per cm3 per second. The minority carrier lifetime in the sample
.
is 1 µs . In the steady state, the hole concentration in the sample is approximately
w
10x , where x is an integer. The value of x is _______.
w
Rate of generation is

w = 1020 electron hole pairs per cm3 per second.
At steady state (at the end of lifetime) t = 1µ sec , concentration of hole-electron
©
pair in 1 µ sec is
= 1020 # 10−6 = 1014
n
So, x = 14
Q. 18
. i
If the circuit shown has to function as a clamping circuit, which one of the
o
following conditions should be satisfied for sinusoidal signal of period T ?
c
a .
d i
n o
(A) RC << T
.
(B) RC = 0.35T
w
(C) RC . T
w
w
(D) RC >> T
©
Time constant = τ = RC
If RC >> T = period of sinusoid
Then the capacitor will not play its role and clamping will take place.
Q. 19 In a source free region in vacuum, if the electrostatic potential ϕ = 2x2 + y2 + cz2,
the value of constant must be _______
Sol. 19 Correct answer is - 3 .
Given electrostatic potential
φ = 2x2 + y2 + cz2
So, the electric field is obtained as
Ev =− dφ

=−^4xavx + 2yavy + 2Czavz h (1)

In source free region,
d $ Ev = 0
Substituting equation (1), we get
n
d $ ^- 4xavx - 2yavy - 2Czavz h = 0
i

or
or
- 4 - 2 - 2C = 0
C =− 3
o.
Q. 20
.c
In an 8085 microprocessor, which one of the following instructions changes the
content of the accumulator?
i a
d
(A) MOV B, M
o
(B) PCHL
n
(C) RNZ
(D) SBI BEH
.
w
SBI BE (H)
w
w
This instruction subtract the immediate data from accumulator and store the
result in accumulator. So, accumulator is affected.
Q. 21
©
The voltage (Vc ) across the capacitor (in Volts) in the network shown is______.
. i n
c o
a .
For the given circuit, we have
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©

So, V = V R2 + ^VC − VL h2
^100h2 = ^80h2 + ^VC − 40h2
^100h2 - ^80h2 = ^VC − 40h2
^180h^20h = ^VC − 40h2
VC - 40 = ! ^180 # 20h
= ! 10 136
VC - 40 = ! 60
VC = 40 ! 60
VC = 100 V

az + b
Q. 22 Let f (z) = cz + d . If f (z1) = f (z 2) for all z1 ! z 2 , a = 2 , b = 4 and c = 5 , then d
should be equal to _______.
Given f ^z1h = f ^z2h
f ^z h = az + b
cz + d
. i n
o
2z 1 + 4 = 2z 2 + 4
c
5z1 + d 5z2 + d

a .
10z1 z2 + 4d = 10z1 z2 + 4d + 20z1 + 22 2 d + 20z2 + 2z1 d

d = 10
d i
20 ^z2 - z1h = 2d ^z2 − z1h
Q. 23
n o
In the circuit shown the average value of the voltage Vab (in Volts) in steady state
.
condition is _______.
w
w
w
Sol. 23
©
i n
We have the circuit
o.
. c
i a
o d
Now, we have to determine the average value of voltage Vab . Here, the circut consists
. n
two voltage sources (one A.C and other D.C.). So, we may use superposition
w
theorem to obtain the desired average value of the voltage.
Firstly we consider ac voltage 5π sin (500t), the circuit becomes
w
w
©
In steady state, the voltage across capacitor is given by
Vab1 = 5π+0° 1
−3 # −6
1k + jω (10
1
−6
)
+ j ω (10 ) + 2 k j ω (10 )
Here, we have ω = 5000 rad/sec. Solving the above equation, we will get the
voltage across capacitor in the form
Vab1 = V0 +φ
or Vab (t) = V0 sin (ωt + φ)

Since, the time average of sinusoidal signal is zero. So, we get the average value
of the voltage across capacitor (due to ac voltage only) as
Vav1 = 1 Vabb (t) = 1 V0 sin (ωt + φ)
# #
T T T T
n
=0
.
Again, we consider the dc voltage 5V. In this case, circuit becomes
i
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
In steady state, capacitor will be fully charged and behave as open circuit. Also,
the inductor will be short circuited in steady state. Hence, the dc voltage across
capacitor in steady state is
w
w
Vab2 = 5 V
w
So, the average value of the voltage across capacitor (due to dc voltage only) is
Vav2 = Vab2 = 5 V
©
Hence, applying the super position theorem, we get the net average value of
voltage Vab as
Vav = Vav1 + Vav2
= 5 + 0 = 5V
. i
Note: Average value of dc voltage is same as its instantaneous value.n
c o C (s)
.
Q. 24 For the signal flow graph shown in the figure, the value of is
R (s)
i a
o d
. n
w
(A)
w G1 G 2 G 3 G 4
w
1 − G 1 G 2 H1 − G 3 G 4 H 2 − G 2 G 3 H 3 + G1 G 2 G 3 G 4 H1 H 2
©
(B) G1 G 2 G 3 G 4
1 + G 1 G 2 H1 + G 3 G 4 H 2 + G 2 G 3 H 3 + G1 G 2 G 3 G 4 H1 H 2
(C) 1
1 + G 1 G 2 H1 + G 3 G 4 H 2 + G 2 G 3 H 3 + G1 G 2 G 3 G 4 H1 H 2
(D) 1
1 − G 1 G 2 H1 − G 3 G 4 H 2 − G 2 G 3 H 3 + G1 G 2 G 3 G 4 H1 H 2
We have the signal flow graph as

. i n
By Mason’s gain formula,
c o
T ^ s h =
Σpx T x
a .
i
T
Single loops,
Q1 =− G1 G2 H1
o d
n
Q2 =− G 3 G 4 H2

.
Q 3 =− G2 G 3 H 3
w
Non touchy loops,
w
P11 = G1 G2 G 3 G 4 H1 H2
T = 1 + G1 G2 H1 + G 3 G 4 H2 + G2 G 3 H 3 + G1 G2 G 3 G 4 H1 H2

w
Forward path = P11 = G1 G2 G 3 G 4
©
T 1 = 1
Hence, T ^ s h = G1 G 2 G 3 G 4
1 + G1 G 2 H1 + G 3 G 4 H 2 + G 2 G 3 H 3 + G1 G 2 G 3 G 4 H1 H 2
Q. 25
. i n
In the circuit shown, Vo = VoA for switch SW in position A and Vo = VoB for SW
in position B . Assume that the opamp is ideal. The value of VoB is_______.
o
VoA
. c
i a
o d
. n
w
w
w
When SW is at position A
V+ = c 1 k m 1V = 0.5 V
1k+1k

V+ = V− = 0.5 V
5 - 0.5 = 0.5 − V0A
1k 1k
4.5 = 0.5 − V0A
n
V0A =− 4 V
When SW is at position B
. i
c o
a .
d i
n o
.

w
VoB =− 5 b 1 k l − 1 b 1 k l
1k 1k

w
VoB =− 6V
w
Hence, VoB = − 6 = 1.5
VoA −4
©
Q. 26 - Q. 55 Carry two marks each.
Q. 26
. i n
Let X d {0, 1} and Y d {0, 1} be two independent binary random variables. If
P (X = 0) = p and P (Y = 0) = q , then P (X + Y $ 1) is equal to
(A) pq + (1 − p)(1 − q)
c o
.
(B) pq
i a
(C) p (1 - q)
d
(D) 1 - pq
P ^x = 0h = p
n o
.
Given
P ^x = 1h = 1 − p
w
So,
P ^y = 0h = q
and
w
P ^y = 1h = 1 − q
Let
w Z = X + Y
X
0 ©
Y
0
Z
0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 2
So, P ^z $ 1h = 1 − P "x = 0 and y = 1, + P "x = 1 and y = 0,

+ P "x = 1 and y = 1,
= 1 − P "x = 0 and y = 0,
= 1 − pq

Q. 27 An LC tank circuit consists of an ideal capacitor C connected in parallel with a

coil of inductance L having an internal resistance R. The resonant frequency of
the tank circuit is
(A) 1 (B) 1 1 - R2 C
2π LC 2π LC L
(C) 1 1- L (D) 1
. i n 1 - R2 C
o
2π LC R2 C 2π LC L
c
a .
d i
n o
Total admittance,
. Y = Yc + YLR
w
1
^ jw L + R h
Y = jw C +
w 1 ^R − jwL h
w ^R + jwL h^R − jwL h

Y = jw C +
R − jwL
©
Y = jw C + 2
R + w2 L2
Y = 2 R 2 2 + j c wC − 2 wL 2 2 m
R +w L R +w L
For Resonance, Im ^Y h = 0
ωC = 2 wL 2 2
. i n
o

R +w L
. c
2 2 2
R C + ω L C = L
i a
ω2 L2 C = L − R2 C
d
ω 2 = L − R2
o
2
LC
_1 − RLC i
n
2
.
ω 2 = L
L2 C
w
ω = 1 1 − R2 C
L
w
LC
1 1 − R2 C
w
Hence, f =
2π LC L
"Xn ,nn =−
©
=3
Q. 28 is an independent and identically distributed (i, i, d) random process
with Xn equally likely to be + 1 or - 1. "Yn ,nn =−
3
=3
is another random process
obtained as Yn = Xn + 0.5Xn − 1 . The autocorrelation function of "Yn ,nn =−
3
=3
3
denoted
by RY [k] is

. i n
c o
.
The autocorrelation function is defined as
RY ^k h = Ry ^n, n + k h
i
= E 7Y ^n h $ Y ^n + k hAa
d

o
Now, we have
Y ^n h = x ^n h + 0.5x ^n − 1h
n

So,
.
Ry ^k h = E 7^x ^n h + 0.5x ^n − 1hh_x ^n + k h + 0.5x ^n + k − 1hiA

w
= E 6x ^n h $ x ^n + k h + x ^n h 0.5x ^n + k − 1h

w + 0.5x ^n − 1h $ x ^n + k h + 0.25x ]n − 1g x ^n + k − 1hA
= E 6x ^n h $ x ^n + k h@ + 0.5E 7x ^n h x ^n + k − 1hA
w

+ 0.5E 7_x ^n − 1h x ^n + k hiA + 0.25E 8x ^n − 1h x ^n + k − 1hB

© = RX ^k h + 0.5Rx ^k − 1h + 0.5Rx ^k + 1h + 0.25Rx ^k h
Ry ^k h = 1.25Rx ^k h + 0.5Rx ^k − 1h + 0.5Rx ^k + 1h
Rx ^k h = E 7x ^n h $ x ^n + k hA
n

For k = 0 , we obtain
. i
Rx ^0 h = E 8x2 ^n hB
= 12 $ 1 + ^− 1h2 # 1
c o
.

2 2
=1
i a
Again, for k ! 0 , we have

o d
Rx ^k h = E 7x ^n hA E 7x ^n + k hA
= 0
. n #Since E 7x ^n hA = 0, E 7x ^n + k hA = 0-
w
Hence, we get
Ry ^0 h = 1.25Rx ^0 h + 0.5Rx ^− 1h + 0.5Rx ^1 h
w

= 1.25

w Ry ^1 h = 1.25Rx ^1 h + 0.5Rx ^0 h + 0.5Rx ^2 h
©
= 0.5
Ry ^- 1h = 1.25Rx ^− 1h + 0.5Rx ^− 2h + 0.5Rx ^0 h
= 0.5
Ry ^k h for k other than 0, 1 and − 1 = 0 . Thus, the autocorrelation function Ry ^k h
is plotted as

Q. 29 In a MOS capacitor with an oxide layer thickness of 10 mm, the maximum

depletion layer thickness is 100 mm. The permittivities of the semiconductor
and the oxide layer are ε s and ε ox respectively. Assuming e s /e ox = 3 , the ratio of
the maximum capacitance to the minimum capacitance of this MOS capacitor is
n
_______.
. i
o
The maximum capacitance per unit area is given by
C max = ε ox
t ox
. c
i a
C min occurs at maximum value of xd (width). When both capacitance are in
d
parallel. So, we have
o
e ox es
a tox ka xd max k
n
C min =
.
e ox es
a tox k + a xd max k
w
Hence, we obtain the ratio as
w
R e ox V
S a k + a e s kW
C max = e ox S tox xd max
a tox k
w
W
C min SS a ox ka e s k WW
e
tox xd max
©
T X
e e x
= ox ox d max + e t
s ox
tox e ox e s
= <1 + xd max e ox F
n

i
tox e s
= ;1 + 100 # 1 E = 4 33
.
10 3
o.
Q. 30
. c
Let the random variable X represent the number of times a fair coin needs to be
i a
tossed till two consecutive heads appear for the first time. The expectation of X
d
is_______.
o
. n
Let X be random variable which denote number of tosses to get two heads.
P ^X = 2h = HH = 1 # 1
w

2 2
w
P ^X = 3h = THH = 1 # 1 # 1
2 2 2
w
P ^X = 4h = TTHH = b 1 l
4

2
©E ^X h = ΣXP ^X h
So,
= ^2 hb 1 l + 3 b 1 l + 4 b 1 l .....
2
2
2
3
2
4
Again, let s = ^2 hb 1 l + 3 b 1 l + 4 b 1 l ..... (1)

2 3 4
2 2 2
2 ^ h 2
s = 2 b 1 l3 + 3 b 1 l4 + 4 b 1 l5 ..... (2)
2 2
Subtracting equation (2) from (1),
2 6 @ 2 ^ h
s = 2 b 1 l2 + b 1 l3 3 − 2 + b 1 l4 4 − 3 .....
2 2
s = 2 b 1 l2 + b 1 l3 + b 1 l4 + b 1 l5 .....
2 2 2 2 2

s - 1 = b 1 l3 + b 1 l4 + b 1 l5 .....
2 2 2 2 2
s - 1 = _ 2 i = b 1 l2
1 3

2 2 1 − 12 2
n
s = 1 + 1
.
2 2 4
o
s = 1 + 1
2
s = 3
.c
a
2
Hence, E ^X h = 3 = 1.5
2
d i
Q. 31
n o
In the circuit shown, the Norton equivalent resistance (in Ω ) across terminals a -b
.
is_______.
w
w
w
Sol. 31
©
Correct answer is 1.33
. i n
c o
a .
d i
To find Norton equivalent, an external source V0 is applied and current through
o
it is I 0 . So, we have
n
Req = V0
.
I0
w
I 0 = V0 + V0 + V0 − 2 bV0 l
4 2 2 4

w
I 0 = V0 b 1 + 1 l
2 4
w I 0 = V0 b 3 l
©
4
V0 = 4 = 1.333
I0 3
Req = R norton = 1.333 .
Q. 32 The figure shows a binary counter with synchronous clear input. With the
decoding logic shown, the counter works as a

. i n
c o
a .
(A) mod-2 counter
d i
o
(B) mod-4 counter
n
(C) mod-5 counter
(D) mod-6
.
counter
Sol. 32
w
Correct option is (C).
w
From figure, it can be observed that once the Ex-NOR gate output is ‘0’ login
w
counter will be reset to initial stage.
©
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
Hence, it is modulo 5 counter.
Q. 33
w
In the ac equivalent circuit shown, the two BJTs are biased in active region and
w
have identical parameters with β >> 1. The open circuit small signal voltage gain
is approximately________.
Sol. 33 Correct answer is - 1.

. i n
c o
a .

VBE = 0.7 V
Vin =− VE = 0.7 V
d i
Vin = 0.7 V
n o
.
So, Vout = − 0.7 =− 1
w
Vin 0.7
Q. 34 The state variable representation of a system is given as
xo = >
w
0 1
H
1
x ; x (0) = > H
w
0 −1 0
y = [0 1] x
©
The response y (t) is
(A) sin (t)
(B) 1 - et
(C) 1 - cos (t)
. i n
o
(D) 0
.c
a
0 1
xo = >
0 − 1H
i
x;

1
x ^ 0 h = > H
0
o d
y = 60 1@x
X ^ s h = φ ^ s h X ^ 0 h . n
w
Since,
φ ^s h is state transition matrix given by
w
where
φ ^s h = ^sI − Ah−1
w
X ^s h = ^sI − Ah−1 # ^0 h
So,
©
s − 1 −1 1
=>
0 s + 1H >0H

s+1 1 1
1
> 0 sH>0H
s ^s + 1h
=
s+1 1 1
1
> 0 sH>0H
s ^s + 1h
=
s+1
1
> 0 H
s ^s + 1h
=
1
X ^ s h = > H
s

0
1
x ^ t h = > H
0

1
Hence, y ^ t h = 60 1@> H = 0
0
Q. 35 Consider the differential equation dx
dt = 10 − 0.2x with initial condition x (0) = 1.
n
The response x (t) for t > 0 is
(A) 2 - e-0.2t
. i
o
(B) 2 - e0.2t
(C) 50 - 49e-0.2t
. c
a
(D) 50 - 49e0.2t
d i
o
dx = 10 − 0.2x
n
dt

.
dx + 0.2x = 10
w
dt
For the differential equation, we have
w
= e # 0.2dt
I.F.
w
= e0.2t
I.F.
©
xe0.2t = # 10e 0.2t
dt + C
xe0.2t = 10 ;e E + C
0.2t

0.2
xe0.2t = 10 # 10e0.2t + C
2
x ^ t h = 50 + Ce−0.2t
. i n
o

x ^0 h = 50 + Ce0 = 1
c
At t = 0 ,
50 + C = 1
a .

Hence,
C =− 49
d i
x ^ t h = 50 − 49e−0.2t
Q. 36
n o
For the voltage regulator circuit shown, the input voltage (Vin) is 20V ! 20% and
.
the regulated output voltage (Vout) is 10V. Assume the opamp to be ideal. For
w
a load RL drawing 200 mA, the maximum power dissipation in Q1 (in Watts) is
w
_______.
w
©

. i n
c o
a .
Power dissipation in
d i
Q1 = ^VCE # IC hmax
o
R2 = 10 k

. n
IE = IC = Vout + VA
RL R 2
w
By virtual ground property,
w
VA = 4 V
IE = IC = 200mA + 4
w

10k
©
IC = 200mA + 0.4mA
IC = 200.4mA
Current through RL is

^VCE hmax = Vin − V0

IL = Vout = 200 mA
RL
. i n
o
So,
c
= 24 − 10
a
= 14 V
Hence, Power

= ^14 Vh # ^200.4 mAh
= 2.8056 watts
d i
Q. 37
n o
Input x (t) and output y (t) of an LTI system are related by the differential
.
equation yll (t) − yl (t) − 6y (t) = x (t). If the system is neither causal nor stable,
w
the impulse response h (t) of the system is
(A) 1 e3t u (− t +) + 1 e−2t u (− t) (B) − 1 e3t u (− t) + 1 e−2t u (− t)
w
5 5 5 5
w
(C) 1 e3t u (- t) - 1 e-2t u (t) (D) - 1 e3t u (- t) - 1 e-2t u (t)
5 5 5 5
©
y m^ t h - yl^ t h - 6y ^ t h = x ^ t h
Given system is neither causal nor stable. Taking the Laplace transform,
s2 y ^s h - sy ^s h - 6y ^s h = X ^s h (Given initial condition = 0 )
Y ^s h^s - s - 6h = X ^s h
2
Y ^s h
= H ^ s h = 2 1 1
X ^s h s − s − 6 ^s − 3h^s + 2h
=
= 1= 1 − 1 G
5 ^s − 3h ^s + 2h

Given that h ^ t h is non causal so ROC should be left side of plane. Also, h ^ t h is
instable, so ROC should not contain jω axis

. i n
c o
a .
H ^ s h = 1 = 1 − 1 G
Hence
d i
5 ^s − 3h ^s + 2h
o
h ^ t h = 1 8− e−3t u ^− t h + e−2t u ^− t hB
n
.
and
5
w
= − 1 e−3t u ^− t h + 1 e−2t u ^− t h
5 5
Q. 38
w
The diode in the circuit given below has VON = 0.7 V but is ideal otherwise. The
w
current (in mA) in the 4kΩ resistor is ________.
©
. i n
c o
a .
d i
Given circuit is
n o
.
w
w
w
©
Here, we have
2 k = 3 k
4k 6k
So, bridge is balanced, and hence, no current will flow through diode. The
equivalent circuit is shown below.

. i n
c o
.
Current through 4 kΩ resistor is
= c 9 k m 1 mA
6k+9k
i a
= 9 k # 1 mA = 3 mA
15 k 5
o d
= 0.6 mA

. n
w
Q. 39 A zero mean white Gaussian noise having power spectral density N2 is passed0
through an LTI filter whose impulse response h (t) is shown in the figure. The
w
variance of the filtered noise at t = 4 is
w
©
. i n
c o
(A) 3 A2 N 0 (B) 3 A2 N 0
2
a
4
.
(C) A2 N 0 (D) 1 A2 N 0
d i 2
n o
Let N ^ t h be the noise at the output of filter.
.
Variation of N ^ t h = E 8N 2 ^ t hB − $E 6N (t)@.
w
2
Since the input noise is zero mean.
w
Output noise mean is also zero.
w
E 6N ^ t h@ = E ^W ^ t hh $ b # h^t hdt l
3

−3
E 6W ^ t h@ = 0
©

W ^ t h is white noise, so
var ^N ^ t hh = E ^N2 ^ t hh]
= RN ^0 h
Since RN ^τ h = h ^τ h * h ^− τ h * R ω ^τ h
and R N ^τ h = N 0 $ δ ^τ h
2
RN ^τ h = 7h ^t h * h ^− t hA $ N 0
2
RN ^τ h = N 0 h ^k h $ h ^τ + k h dk
#
3

2 −3

R N ^ 0 h = N 0
2 −3 ^ h
# h k dk = N 0 ^3A2h
3 2

2
= 3 $ A2 $ N 0
2
Q. 40 Assuming that the op-amp in the circuit shown below is ideal, the output voltage
V0 (in volts) is_______.
. i n
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
For the given op-amp,
w
V+ > V−
So, Vout = Vsaturation = 12 Volts
Q. 41
©
A 1-to-8 demultiplexer with data input D in , address inputs S 0 , S1 , S2 (with S 0
as the LSB) and Y0 to Y7 as the eight demultiplexed output, is to be designed
n
using two 2-to-4 decoders (with enable input E and address input A 0 and A1 )
. i
as shown in the figure D in , S 0 , S1 and S2 are to be connected to P , Q , R, and S
o
, but not necessarily in this order. The respective input connections to P, Q , R
c
and S terminals should be
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©
(A) S2 , D in , S 0 ,
(B) S1 , D in , S 0 ,
S1
S2
(C) D in , S 0 , S1 , S2
(D) D in , S2 , S 0 , S1
We need to implement 1:8 DEMUX

. i n
c o
.
As input to both the decoder should be same. So from figure only line P is acting
a
i
same to both 2 # 4 decoder. Hence, P is mapped with Din . Again, we have
o d
. n
w
w
w
©
Here, we observe that S2 is ‘0’ in 4 cases then ‘1’ logic.
From figure, it can be seen only line Q is connected to NOT gate to OR gate.So Q
n
is mapped to S2 and remaining two line should be mapped in same order because
. i
select lines of 1:8 DEMUX should be mapped with address line of decoder. Hence,
o
the mapping is
c
P " D in
R " S 0
a .
i
Q " S2
d
S " S1
Q. 42 The value of the integral #

3
n o
12 cos (2pt)
sin (4pt)
dt is_______.
.
-3 4 pt
w
w
We solve the given integral as
# 12 cos 2pt sin 4pt dt
3
I =
w#

−3 4pt
3 2 cos 2pt sin 4pt
= 12
©
dt
4p − 3 t
= 3; E
3 sin 6ptdt sin 2ptdt
# #
3
+
p 0 t 0 t
Since, sin A − cos B = sin Â + B h + sin Â − B h, so we can rewrite the integral as
I = 3 < e θt 6 sin 6πt dt + dtF
3 θt sin 2πt
# #
3
e
π 0 t 0 t
The integral can be considered as the Laplace transform with s = 0 , i.e.
I = 3 ;L & sin 6pt 0 + L & sin 2pt 0E
p t t
I = 3 < # 6p
# 2p dsF with s = 0
3 3
or ds +
p s s2 + 36p2 s s2 + 4p2

= 3 >6p $ 1 c 2p m H with s = 0
3
d n + 2p $
tan −1 s 1 tan−1 s
p 6p 6p 2p s
= 3 <tan−1 3 − tan−1 d s n + tan−1 ^3h − tan−1 c s mF

p 6p 2p
= 3 < p − tan−1 0 + p − tan−1 0F

p 2 2
. i n
= 3 < p − 0 + p − 0F = 3 # p = 3

c o
.
p 2 2 p
i a
Q. 43 A function of Boolean variables X , Y and Z is expressed in terms of the minterms
d
as
o
F (X, Y, Z) = Σ (1, 2, 5, 6, 7)
n
Which one of the product of sums given below is equal to the function F (X, Y, Z)?
.
(A) (X + Y + Z ) $ (X + Y + Z) $ (X + Y + Z )
w
(B) (X + Y + Z) $ (X + Y + Z ) $ (X + Y + Z)
w
(C) (X + Y + Z) $ (X + Y + Z ) $ (X + Y + Z) $ (X + Y + Z ) $ (X + Y + Z)
(D) (X + Y + Z ) $ (X + Y + Z) $ (X + Y + Z ) $ (X + Y + Z) $ (X + Y + Z )
Sol. 43
w
Correct option is (B).
©
Given minterm is F ^X, Y, Z h = Σ ^1, 2, 5, 6, 7h
Maxterm or POS is complement of SOP. So, in POS form, we obtain
F ^X, Y, Z h = π ^0, 3, 4h

i n
= ^X + Y + Z h^X + Y + Z h^X + Y + Z h
.
o
Q. 44 The transfer function of a mass-spring damper system is given by
. c
G (s) = 1
Ms2 + Bs + K
i a
The frequency response data for the system are given in the following table.
ω in rad/s
o d G (jω) in dB arg (G (jω)) in deg
n
0.01 - 18.5 - 0.2
0.1
. - 18.5 - 1.3
0.2
w - 18.4 - 2.6
w 1 - 16 - 16.9
w
2 - 11.4 - 89.4
3 - 21.5 - 151
© 5
10
- 32.8
- 45.3
- 167
- 174.5
The unit step response of the system approaches a steady state value
of________.
G ^ s h = 1
Ms2 + Bs + K
Now, we have to obtain unit step response. So,

=1
input
s
Therefore, Y ^ s h = G ^ s h X ^ s h
=d 2 1 n
1
n
Ms + Bs + K s
. i
At steady state value,
Y ^ωh = lim y ^ t h = lim sY ^s h
o

t"3 s"0
= lim 2 1
.c
a
s " 0 Ms + Bs + K
Y ^ω h = 1
K
d i
o
Now, from given table
G ^ jωh dB =− 18.5
n
At ω = 0.01
20 log G ^ jωh
.
w
So, =− 18.5
20 log 1
w
=− 18.5
K
w
log 1 = − 18.5
K 20
©
1 = 10
−18.5
20
K
y ^ωh = 1 = 10− = 0.1188
18.5
Hence, 20
n
K
. i
Q. 45 Two half-wave dipole antennas placed as shown in the figure are excited with
o
sinusoidally varying currents of frequency 3 MHz and phase shift of π2 between
c
them (the element at the origin leads in phase). If the maximum radiated E -field
.
at the point P in the x -y plane occurs at an azimuthal angle of 60° the distance
a
d (in meters) between the antennas is _______.
d i
n o
.
w
w
Sol. 45
w
©
For maximum electric field, we have
ψ = βd cos θ + α = 0 (1)
where
2 πf
β = 2π =
λ 3 # 108 ms
2π # ^3 # 106h
= = 2π
3 # 10 8 100
θ = Azimuthal angle = 60c
α = Phase shift =− π
2
Substituting these values in equation (1), we get

^2ph
d cos ^60ch + c− p m = 0
100 2
d = p # 100
2p
= 50 m

Q. 46
. i n
An air-filled rectangular waveguide of internal dimensions a cm # b cm (a > b)
o
has a cut-off frequency of 6 GHz for the dominant TE10 mode. For the same
c
waveguide, if the cut-off frequency of the TM11 mode is 15 GHz, the cut-off
.
frequency of the TE 01 mode in GHz is _______.
i a
We have rectangular waveguide with a cm # b cm â > b h
For TE10 , fC = 6 GHz
o d
n
For TM11 , fC = 15 GHz
Since, we have
.
w cm m +dn n
2 2
fC = C
w
2 a b
8
15 # 109 = 3 # 10 1 +1
w
So,
2 a2 b2
©
1 + 1 = 15 # 109 # 2
a2 b2 3 # 108
^ h
1 + 1 = 100 2
a2 b2
and 6 GHz = 3 # 10
2
8
b al
1 2
. i n
o
8
6 # 109 = 3 # 10 # 1
c

.
2 a
= b 1 l + b1l
a
2 2
i
100
a b
a =
o
3 # 108
d
2 # 6 # 109
Therefore,
. n
a = 1 m
40
w
^100h2 = ^40h2 + b b1 l
2
Again,
w
^100h2 + ^40h2 = b b1 l
2
©
^140h^60h = b b1 l
2

b = 91.65
b b1 l
8 2
For TE 01 , fC = 3 # 10
2
8
= 3 # 10 # 1

2 b
8
= 3 # 10 # 91.65

2
= 13.7442 GHz


Q. 47 Consider two real sequences with time-origin marked by the bold value
x1 [n] = {1, 2, 3, 0}, x2 [n] = {1, 3, 2, 1}
Let X1 (k) and X2 (k) be 4-point DFTs of x1 [n] and x2 [n], respectively
Another sequence x 3 [n] is derived by taking 4-point inverse DFT of
n
x 3 (k) = x1 (k) x2 (k) .
The value of x 3 [2] is_______.
. i
o
Given
X 3 ^k h = X1 ^k h X2 ^k h
. c
x1 6n@ = "1, 2, 3, 0, , x2 6n@ = "1, 3, 2, 1,
a
and
By convolution circular property of DFT
d i
o
Circular convolution in time domain = Multiplication in fourier domain
x1 6n@ 7 x2 6n@ = X1 ^k h X2 ^k h = x 3 6n@
n
So
.
w
w
w

© x 3 60@ = 2 + 6 + 1 = 9
i n
Now rotate for second term
o.
. c
i a
o d
So, x 3 61@ = 6
. n
w
w
w
©
Again, x 3 62@ = 2 + 6 + 3 = 11
Q. 48 Let x (t) = αs (t) + s (− t) with s (t) = βe−4t u (t), where u (t) is unit step function.
If the bilateral Laplace transform of x (t) is
X (s) = s −1616 − 4 < Re {s} < 4
2
Then the value of β is_______.

Sol. 48 Correct answer is - 2 .
Given x ^ t h = αs ^ t h + s ^− t h

s ^ t h = βe−4t u ^ t h
So, x ^ t h = αβe−4t u ^ t h + βe+4t u ^− t h
Now, we have ROC − 4 < Re " s , < + 4 . Taking Laplace for given ROC, we have
X ^ s h =
αβ β
−
n
s+4 s−4
β<
α ^s − 4h − ^s + 4h
F = 2 16
. i
o
s2 − 16 s − 16
β ;αs - 42 α - s - 4 E = 2 16
s - 16
. c
s − 16

s ^α − 1h β − ^4 + 4αh β
i a
= 2 16
d
2
s − 16 s − 16
o
Coefficient of s is zero. From above equation, we conclude the result as,
^α - 1h β = 0
n

. α = 1
and
w −^4 + 4αh β = 16

w β = − 16
8

w β =− 2
Q. 49
©
Consider a binary, digital communication system which used pulses g (t) and
- g (t) for transmitting bits over an AWGN channel. If the receiver uses a matched
filter, which one of the following pulses will give the minimum probability of bit
error?
. i n
c o
a .

d i
n o
.
w
w
w
Sol. 49
©
Correct option is (A).
Probability of error of matched filter receiver is given by = Q c 2E m
N0
where E = Energy of signal
So, probability of error will be minimum for which energy is maximum. By finding
energy of signals given in option, we conclude that energy is minimum for option
(A).
Q. 50 The electric field of a plane wave propagating in a lossless non-magnetic medium
is given by the following expression
E (z, t) = ax 5 cos (2π # 109 t + βz) + ay 3 cos a2π # 109 t + βz − π k
2
The type of the polarization is

(A) Right Hand Circular

(B) Left Hand Elliptical
(C) Right Hand Elliptical
(D) Linear
. i n

c o
Ev^z, t h = ax 5 cos ^2π # 109 t + βz h + ay 3 cos c 2π # 109 t + βz − π m
2
So, Ex = 5 cos ^2π # 109 + βz h
a .

d i
Ey = 3 cos c 2π # 109 + βz − π m
2
o
Since phase difference between Ex and Ey is π2 , and magnitudes are not equal. So,
n
this is elliptical polarization. Now, we have to determine direction.
.
At z = 0 Ex = 5 cos ^2π # 109 t h

w
Ey = 3 cos c 2p # 109 t − p m
2
w
For t = 1, t = 2 ,...... we have the circulation as shown below.
w
©
. i n
c o
a .
i
Hence, the polarization is left hand elliptical.
d
Q. 51 The energy band diagram and electron density profile n (x) in a semiconductor
o
qαx
are shown in the figure. Assume that n (x) = 1015 eb kT lcm , with α = 0.1V/cm
−3
. n
and x expressed in cm. Given kTq = 0.026 V, Dn = 36 cm2 s-1 , and Dµ = kTq . The
electron current density (in A/cm2) at x = 0 is
w
w
w
©

(A) - 4.4 # 10-2

(B) - 2.2 # 10-2
(C) 0
(D) 2.2 # 10-2

Q. 52 A dc voltage of 10V is applied across an n -type silicon bar having a rectangular

cross-section and a length of 1 cm as shown in figure. The donor doping
concentration ND and the mobility of electrons µ n are 1016 cm-3 and 1000 cm2
V-1 s-1 , respectively. The average time (in µs ) taken by the electrons to move from
n
one end of the bar to other end is _______.
. i
c o
a .
d i
o
Sol. 52
. n
v
Ev = V = 10 V = 10 V/cm
d 1 cm
Given
w
Vapplied = 10 V

w d = 1 cm (length)
w
Vd = drift velocity = µEv
= 1000 cm2 V−1 S−1 # 10 V/cm
©
= 10 4 cm/s

n
length
= = 14 cm = 10−4 sec
i
time
Vd
.
10 cm/s
o
= 100 µ sec
. c
Q. 53 In the circuit shown, the initial voltages across the capacitors C1 and C2 are
1V and 3V, respectively. The switch is closed at time t = 0 . The total energy
i a
dissipated (in Joules) in the resistor R until steady state is reached is_______.
o d
. n
w
w
w
The capacitor can be represented in Laplace domain as
where V0 is initial voltage. So, the given circuit result in

. i n
o
From the circuit,

^3/s − 1/s h
10 + ^1/3s + 1/s h
I ^ s h =
. c
2/s
i a
d
10 + ^4/3s h
=

o
2/s
n
^ + 4h /3s
=

.
30s
= 3s b 2 l
w

30s + 4 s
w
=
6 = 3
30s + 4 15s + 2
=
3
15s + 2 w
= 3d 12 n

15 s + 15©
= 1d 1 2 n
n

i
5 s + 15
Therefore, i ^ t h = 1 e− t u ^ t h
5
2
15
o.
t2 ^ t h Rdt
. c
0
Hence, energy dissipated = #
a
−3
= 1
i
e ^ h ^10h dt
#
3 − 4/15 t

# d
25 0
= 10
o e ^ h dt
3 − 4/15 t

n
25 0

. = 10 # 15 = 1.5 Joules
w
25 4
Q. 54 The output of a standard second-order system for a unit step input is given as
w
y (t) = 1 − 23 e−t cos _ 3t − π6 i. The transfer function of the system is
(A) 2
w
(s + 2) (s + 3)
(B) 2
1
s + 2s + 1
(C) 2
3
©
s + 2s + 3
(D) 2 4
s + 2s + 4
Given y ^ t h = 1 − 2 e−t cos c 3 t − π m
3 6
In standard form, we define
y ^ t h = 1 − Ae−t/τ cos ^ωdt − φh
For standard equation,
τ = ξω n
ω d = ω n 1 − ξ 2 = 3

or 1 = 3 ( ξω = 1, or ω = 1/ξ )
n n
ξ 1 − ξ2
or 1 = 3
ξ2 1 − ξ2
or
or
1 - ξ2 = 3ξ2
1 = 4ξ2
. i n
or ξ 2 = 1
c o
.
4
a
So, ξ = 0.5
Again, ω n = 1 = 11
ξ
d i
o
2
=2
. n
So, the characteristic equation is
w
= s2 + 2ξω n s + ω n2
= s2 # 2 # 1 # 2s + 4
w

2
w
= s2 + 2s + 4
This denominator term is present only in option (D).
Q. 55
©#
If C denotes the counter clockwise unit circle, the value of the contour integral
1
2π j C
Re {z} dz is_______.
i n
1 #
2π j C
Re ^z h dz
o.
c
Let z = e jθ
dz = je jθ dθ
a .
i
Taking limit from 0 to 2π
d
= 1 o Re ê jθ h je jθ dθ
2π
#
o
2πj 0
2πj 0 ^
n#
cos2 θ + j sin θ cos θh dθ
2π
= 1
.

= 1 <
w
cos2 dθ + j sin θ cos θdθF
2π 2π

2π 0 # #
w
0
= 1 6n − 0@
w

2π
= 1 = 0.5
©

2
END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

ANSWER KEY
General Aptitude
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(C) (B) (B) (A) (D) (D) (B)
. i n
(800) (B) (B)
Electronics & Communication
c o
1 2 3 4 5 6
a .7 8 9 10
i
(C) (400) (7) (B) (D) (1.92) (A) (1) (0) (C)
d
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
(*) (B) (A) (32) (A)
n o(C) (14) (D) (–3) (D)
.
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
w
(100) (10) (5) (B) (1.5) (D) (B) (B) (4.33) (1.5)
w
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
(1.33) (C) (–1) (D) (C) (2.806) (B) (0.6) (A) (12)
41 42 43
w44 45 46 47 48 49 50
©
(D) (3) (B) (0.12) (50) (13.74) (11) (–2) (A) (B)
51 52 53 54 55
n
(C) (100) (1.5) (D) (0.5)
. i
c o
a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
©


Nodia and Company: Gate Solved Paper Electronics & Communication Engineering 2015-2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nodia and Company: Gate Solved Paper Electronics & Communication Engineering 2015-2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical,

photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of the author.

GATE SOLVED PAPER

Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY

NODIA AND COMPANY

Q. 1 - Q. 5 Carry one mark each.

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Q. 4 Choose the word most similar in meaning to the given word:

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

(A) Only conclusion I follows

d i (B) (i) and (iv)

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

(A) :1, 3D (B) : 2 , 1D

(C) :- 1, 2D (D) [2, - 4]

Sol. 9 Correct option is (B).

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Electronics & Communication Engineering

Q. 1 - Q. 25 Carry one mark each.

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Sol. 5 Correct option is (D)

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

(A) NOR, OR (B) OR, NAND

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Sol. 9 Correct answer is 0.

Q. 10 The bilateral Laplace transform of a function f ^ t h = )

3.33 5 0.3 0.4

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Sol. 11 Correct option is (*).

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Q. 13 The signal cos ^10πt + π4 h is ideally sampled at a sampling frequency of 15 Hz.

(C) 15 cos a10pt - p k (D) 15 b

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Q. 14 A sinusoidal signal of amplitude A is quantized by a uniform quantizer Assume

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Sol. 16 Correct option is (C)

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

=−^4xavx + 2yavy + 2Czavz h (1)

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

So, P ^z $ 1h = 1 − P "x = 0 and y = 1, + P "x = 1 and y = 0,

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Q. 27 An LC tank circuit consists of an ideal capacitor C connected in parallel with a

w ^R + jwL h^R − jwL h

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Q. 29 In a MOS capacitor with an oxide layer thickness of 10 mm, the maximum

Again, let s = ^2 hb 1 l + 3 b 1 l + 4 b 1 l ..... (1)

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Sol. 33 Correct answer is - 1.

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Sol. 36 Correct answer is 2.806

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

^VCE hmax = Vin − V0

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Since the input noise is zero mean.

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in

Buy Online all GATE Books: shop.nodia.co.in