Name: Waleed Aftab

Assignment no 1

Topic: Leonardo de Vinci

Reg no :BAM02163021

Section:0
Introduction

Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452 in the town of Vinci. His father was ser piero, a
nalary;his mother,caterina, came from a pleasant family.When he was 15 he moved to the nearby city of
florena.He was very talented and promising. At the age of 30 Leonardo began his own practice.

Era in Aviation

He had done lot of work in early years from (200 BC THRU 1890 AD).

Significant contribution in Aviation

One of the da Vinci’s most famous inventions the flying machine (also known as the
“orinthopter”)idealy displays his powers of aviation and observations as well as his craze about the
flight. The designer of this invention is clearly inspired by the flight of the winged animals. Vinci’s flying
machine had a wingspan that exceeded 33 feet and frame was to made of pine covered in raw silk to
create a flight but study membrane.

Topic: Gliders
Introduction

A glider is a heavier-than-air aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of

the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine.

Era in aviation

The first heavier-than-air (i.e. non-balloon) man-carrying aircraft that were based on
published scientific principles were Sir George Canley’s series of gliders which achieved brief wing-borne
hops from around 1849. Thereafter gliders were built by pioneers such as Jean Marie Le Bris, John J.
Montgomery, Otto Lilienthal, Percy Picher, Octave Chanute and Augustus Moore Herring to develop
aviation.

Significant contribution in aviation

Glider, no powered heavier-than-air craft capable of sustained flight. Though many men contributed to
the development of the glider, the most famous pioneer was Otto Lilienthal (1848–96) of Germany,
who, with his brother Gustav, began experiments in 1867 on the buoyancy and resistance of air.
Lilienthal also investigated camber and wing sections and studied ways to increase the stability of the
gliders he built, finally incorporating stabilizing tail surfaces. In 1896 Octave Chanute, French-born
American engineer began designing gliders that were flown by others under his supervision. Orville and
Wilbur Wright built their most successful early glider in 1902. Following experimentation they decided
to use a vertical rudder that was movable in flight. To fly, a glider must be accelerated to flying speed,
the speed at which wings generate enough lift to overcome the force of gravity. In most of the early
gliders, flying speed was very low; normal practice was to fly into a wind so that the actual acceleration
required was not great.