Introduction To

Dini Anggraeni Sirad, MBA., CHE

Nakita Sabrina Camelia, MSc
Learning outcomes
Identify the elements of the tourism industry
Understand the tourism demand & supply
Explain the organisation of the tourism industry
Explain the interrelated nature of tourism, hospitality & event
Illustrate the economic, social & environmental impact of
tourism
Aware of the current & future trends in tourism
Demonstrate idea of an attractive city tour as a tourism
product
 Session & Date General Topic
 Introduction of teaching program (code of conduct)
(1) Monday, 3 Sept 2018
 An introduction to tourism
(2) Monday, 10 Sept 2018  The tourism supply : Tourist destination & attraction

(3) Monday, 17 Sept 2018  The tourism demand

 The Tourism Distribution Channel

(4) Monday, 24 Sept 2018
 Briefing : Walking Tour Observation

(5) Monday, 1 Oct 2018  Walking tour + observation

(6) Monday, 8 Oct 2018  Group Presentation of the walking tour assignment

(7) Monday, 15 Oct 2018  Guest lecture

(8) 22 – 30 Oct 2018  Mid Exam

 Session & Date General Topic
 The hospitality industry
(9) Monday, 5 Nov 2018
 Briefing : Final Exam Group Project (City Tour)

(10) Monday, 12 Nov 2018  Food & Beverage

(11) Monday, 19 Nov 2018  MICE and special events

 The economic, social & environmental impacts of tourism

(12) Monday, 26 Nov 2018
 Briefing : Hotel Comparison and Contrast - Group Project

(13) Monday, 3 Dec 2018  Independent Studies : Group Project Observation

(14) Monday, 10 Dec 2018  Group Presentation of Hotel Comparison and Contrast

(15) Monday, 17 Dec 2018  Independent studies

(16) 3 – 11 Jan 2019  Group Project presentation (City Tour) as Final Exam
Course Evaluation
Mid Exam 25% (ME)
Final Exam 25% (FE)
Class Participation 10% (CP)
Individual Assignment 20% (IA)
Group Project Presentation 20% (GP)
Reading Books
Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D. and Wanhill, S. (2013). Tourism Principles and Practice
5th Edition. Essex: Pearson Education

Walker, J.R. (2017). Exploring the Hospitality Industry, 3rd Edition. Essex: Pearson
Education

Holloway, J.C & Humphreys, C. (2012). The Business of Tourism, 9th Edition. Essex:
Pearson Education

Weaver, D. & Lawton, L. (2010). Tourism Management, 4th Edition. Milton: Wiley
Why Tourism?
Do you have any idea…

 How many people travel internationally within a year?

 What is the percentage it contributes to global GDP?*
 What implications does it have on the destinations?

*Global GDP USD 74.1 trillion

 1.459 Billion
departures in 2016

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/S
T.INT.DPRT
As a worldwide export category, tourism ranks third
after fuels and chemicals and ahead of food and
automotive products. In many developing countries,
tourism ranks as the first export sector.
Tourism has importance from an economic, environmental, and
sociocultural aspect.
In 2014 tourism accounted for more than 10% of the global GDP USD 7
trillion).
According to WTTC (2012) 255 million jobs were dependent on tourism.
More than 1 billion international overnight tourism trips took place in
2012 (WTTC, 2012).
Let’s do a quick check!
 Mostly international or domestic?
 Mostly by air travel or ground travel?
 Is it leisure only or not?
 Working in the industry means a lot of travel
or… not really?

 Consists of large multinational companies or

small medium sized enterprises (SMEs)?

 Relatively practical sector requires little

research or a complex sector requires careful
planning?
 Travel?

Tourism?

Hospitality?
Leisure?
Tourist ?
Leisure, Tourism & Recreation

Hall and Page (2002)

Multidisciplinary linkages with tourism studies

Weaver and Lawton (2010)

Leiper’s Model of Tourism System
(what we’re going to cover in this course)
The 3 basic elements of the model:
 Human element  Tourists (konsumen)
 Tourists are pushed from the TGR and are pulled
(attracted) by TDR

 Geographical elements
 Travel Generating Region (TGR)
 Transit Route (TR)
 Travel Destination Region (TDR)

 Industrial elements  Tourism industry (pelaku bisnis)

 The range of businesses involved in delivering the
TOURISM INDUSTRY tourism products (mostly SMEs)
 They can be found in TGR, TR and TDR
Overview of the industrial elements

Weaver and Lawton (2010)

Examining the Model
It is applicable at any scale of
tourism industry (domestic,
regional, international)

It is flexible to be used in any

kinds of tourism (eco-tourism,
heritage tourism, business
tourism, etc) The volatile, irrational and seasonal demand
for tourism happens in TGR

Gives a broad illustration how

each of the element interacts The inflexible and fragmented supply to fulfil
the demand is offered in TDR
Demand side definition of TOURISM
The activities of people
traveling to and staying in
- places outside their usual
environment  jaraknya*
- for not more than one
consecutive year 
waktunya**
- for leisure, business and
other purposes 
tujuannya***
(UNWTO & UNSTAT, 1994)
*UNWTO recommendation
for distance is 160 km
**The movement of people
temporarily minimum 1
night, maximum 1 year
***Strict purpose of visit
categories (not looking for
employment or permanent
resident)
Major tourist categories

Weaver and Lawton (2010)2.3

Supply side definition of TOURISM
The tourist industry consists of all
those firms, organisations and
facilities which are intended to serve
the specific needs and wants of
tourists (Leiper, 1979)

However, there are:

- business that would not be able to
survive without tourism (direct)
- business that could survive without
tourism (indirect)
References
Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D., Shepherd R., and Wanhill, S. (1998). Tourism Principles
and Practice 2nd Edition (Introduction Chapter). Essex: Pearson Education

Hall, M. C. and Page, S. J. (2002) The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place and Space 2nd
Edition (pp. 4 – 6). New York: Routledge

Lawton, L. and Weaver, D. (2010). Tourism Management 4th Edition (Chapter 1 & 2). Milton: John Wiley & Sons

UNWTO. (2016). Tourism highlights 2016 edition. Retrieved from http://www.e-

unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284418145

World Bank. (2017). Gross domestic product 2015. Retrieved from

http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf
What is your expectation:
- from this course?
- from your lecturer?
Individually, write on a piece of paper (anonymously)
and submit it before leaving class.