Neuraxial anesthesia:

1.) At birth, the spinal cord ends at approximately :

A) L1
B) L2
C) L3
D) S4
2.) In the adult, the terminal end of the cord is known as conus medullaris which lies approximately:
A) L2
B) L1
C) L3
D) S1
3.) T6 dermatome corresponds to:
A) Umbilicus
B) Nipples
C) Xiphoid
D) NOTA
4.) CSF is produced at a rate of
A) 0.35ml/min
B) 0.45ml/min
C) 0.50 ml/min
D) 0.30ml/min
5.) Approximate volume of CSF in adults:
A) 100ml
B) 150 ml
C) 200ml
D) 250 ml
6.) True of bainbridge reflex:
A) Implicated as a cause if bradycardia, hypotension and CV collapse after central neuraxial
anesthesia, in particular spinal anesthesia
B) Decreased in HR due to decreased venous return detected by stretch receptors in the
RA
C) Stronger than baroreceptor reflex
D) A cardioinhibitory reflex
7.) ABG measurements do not change during high spinal anesthesia in patients who are
spontaneously breathing room air. The main effect of spinal anesthesia is on inspiration:
A) 1st statement- true, 2nd satement- false
B) 1st statement- false, 2nd statement- true
C) Both statements are true
D) Both statements are false
Local anesthetics:

1.) Nerve blocking potency of Local anesthetics increases with decreased molecular weight and
increased lipid solubility.
A) True
B) False
2.) Prilocaine is hydrolyzed to o-toluidine, the agent that can cause:
A) Sulfhemoglobinemia
B) Methemoglobinemia
C) Anemia
D) Nota
3.) The following anesthetics are metabolized to PABA:
A) Prilocaine and Benzocaine
B) Procaine and Bupivacaine
C) Procaine and benzocaine
D) Nota
4.) The following anesthetics undergo N- dealykylation and hydroxylation:
A) Bupivacaine
B) Mepivacaine
C) Ropivacaine
D) AOTA
5.) The following are the most important modifiable factors in determining distribution of local
anesthetics except for:
A) Baricity of local anesthetic solution
B) Position during and after injection
C) Dose of anesthesia injected
D) AOTA
E) NOTA
6.) Protein binding affects duration of local anesthetics. Higher protein binding results in shorter
duration of action
A) 1st statement – true, 2nd statement- false
B) Both statements are true
C) First statement- false, 2nd statement- true
D) Both statements are false
7.) The following local anesthetics decreases the effectiveness of opioids when co-administered
epidurally:
A) Procaine
B) Chlorprocaine
C) Lidocaine
D) Mepivacaine