Anfernee Miguel C.

Pacion September 12, 2019

Jv Nick V. Sismoan
Allen Benedict A. Barrera
Mark Angelo Santiago
Vince Alec Sta. Ana

Group 5 (Voltis 5) BSME 1-B

EXPERIMENT NO. 2 (Part 2)

WATER: ITS PROPERTIES AND PURIFICATION

I. INTRODUCTION
Objectives:
At the end of this experiment, you must be able to understand the process of water
purification.
Notes:
 Water
 Water Treatment
 Aeration
 Sedimentation
 Filtration
 Water Purification

Theories:

Filtration

 Uses cartridges to rid the water of impurities in order to get a clean water.
Uses the below cartridges:
 Polypropylene Cartridges: Cartridge to remove impurities from
water (dust, rust,…etc.).
 GAC Cartridge: Cartridge to enhance color, taste & odor. Removes
chlorine & organic chemicals.
 CTO Cartridge: Cartridge to remove fine carbon, residual chlorine,
& VOCs.
  Post Carbon: Additional carbon filter to remove effects of shortage.
Removes gases that changes the taste.

Amplifiers

 Calcite
 Calcite is a naturally occurring calcium carbonate media. One of the
advantages of calcite is its self-limiting property. When properly applied, it
corrects pH only enough to reach a non-corrosive equilibrium.
 Bio-ceramic
 Ceramic Balls with abundant inorganic minerals, are being widely used in
water filters. It also has function of absorption for impurities and harmful
heavy metal and helps human metabolism and natural healing.

Membrane

 Ultrafiltration
 Ultrafiltration membrane used for the removal of particulates and
macromolecules from tap water to produce safe & healthy water.
 Reverse Osmosis Membrane
 Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a
semipermeable membrane to remove larger particles from drinking water & to
get rid of salts & heavy metals.

Sterilization

 FIR
 Activates water molecules in our body. Improve oxygen level in our body.
Warming and eliminating fats, chemicals and toxins from blood and thus
smoothening the flow of blood.
 Elimination of other waste from human body. Reducing the acidic level in our
body. Nervous system functionality improvement.
 UV
  Bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms are destroyed by the UV
interfering with the DNA and RNA in the organisms’ reproductive cycles.
 UV lamp utilize the application of particularly efficient UV radiator with a
254nm wave length to cause immediate death for organisms and wipe out
their ability to survive and reproduce. 99.99% DESTRUCTION OF
BACTERIA AND VIRUSES.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials:
 Analytical Balance
 1L dirty water
 1pc 1.5L soda bottle
 1pc 1.5L soda bottle cut in half (both halves)
 2 cups fine sand
 1 cup coarse sand
 1 cup small pebbles
 3pcs coffee filter paper
 5pcs rubber bands
 1 plastic spoon
 1 timer or stopwatch
 1 roll tissue paper
 1 marker/pentel pen
 1 masking tape

Methods:

 Place the 1L dirty water in the 1.5L soda bottle and place the cap. Shake the
bottle with dirty water for 30 seconds to promote aeration. Allow the water to
stand undisturbed. Attach the coffee filter to the neck of the soda bottle with its
bottom cut off using the rubber bands. Turn the bottle upside down then stand
it on the other half of the soda bottle. Pour the fine sand. Pour the coarse sand
next. Lastly, pour the pebbles. Wash the filtration system using clean water by
 slowly pouring the water into the filtration system. Pour 2/3 or the dirty water
slowly into the filter. Observe every 5 minutes and record the observations.

III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

 In Trial I, the initial appearance of water is very dirty and the final appearance
is clean and clear and also the volume is still its original volume. In Trial II,
the initial appearance of water is clean and clear and the final appearance is
more clean and clear than the first trial and also the volume is decreases a little
amount of volume. In Trial III, the initial appearance of water is more clean
and clear and the final appearance is more clean and clear than the first and
second trial and also the volume is decreases again a little amount of volume.
In Trial IV, the initial appearance is more clean and clear than the first and
second trial and the final appearance is most clean and clear than the first,
second, and third trial and also the volume is decreases again a little amount of
volume. The differences of initial and final appearances of all trials is much
different because once the filtered water is filtered again it is going to more
clean and clear. Water filtration enables you to control the purity of your
water, which can give you peace of mind about the water you use on a regular
basis. Inception Plumbing knows the importance of preventing cross-
contamination of foreign materials into our domestic water supply. Aeration
brings water and air in close contact by exposing drops or thin sheets of water
to the air or by introducing small bubbles of air (the smaller the bubble, the
better) and letting them rise through the water. Sediment is any particulate
matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited
as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other
liquid. Sedimentation is the deposition by settling of a suspended material. In a
water plant these particles may be rust flakes from the water pipes, sand grains,
small pieces of organic matter, clay particles, or any other small particles in the
water supply. Yes, because the filtered water is filtered to the sediments that
can clog the any dirty particles and impurities that floats in the molecules of
 the water. Also in the water plants is used a hi-tech filtration system that filters
the impurities in the water to make it drink safely.

Table 1:

Trial Observation
I Filtered water in the first trial is clean and clear.
II Filtered water in the second trial is more clean and clear than the first trial.
III Filtered water in the third trial is more clean and clear than the first and second trial.
IV Filtered water in the fourth trial is most clean and clear than the first, second, and third trial.

IV. SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

 In objectives of this experiment, they indicated the understanding the process
of water purification. Water purification or filtration is a process of cleaning
and making clear the water to make it drink safely. Sedimentation is the most
use process in filtrating the water because the sediments is the cause clogging
the dirts to make it clean the water. Also the sedimentation is naturally occurs
in nature to purify of filtrates the water.
V. REFERENCES

Egypt, S. (2016). Retrieved from Soulegypt.com:

http://soulegypt.com/ViewKnowledgeCenter.aspx?sid=3

Fox, W. (2019, September 16). Retrieved from Quora: https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-

advantages-of-water-filtration

Unknown. (n.d.). Retrieved from MRWA:

https://www.mrwa.com/WaterWorksMnl/Chapter%252011%2520Aeration.pdf

Unknown. (2019). Retrieved from LennTech: https://www.lenntech.com/library/fine/sediment-

filters.html