Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

A. Local
 According to the Republic Act No. 10175 known as the Cybercrime Law(2012); The
State recognizes the importance of providing an environment conducive to the
development, acceleration, and rational application and exploitation of information and
communications technology (ICT) to attain free, easy, and intelligible access to exchange
and/or delivery of information; and the need to protect and safeguard the integrity of
computer, computer and communications systems, networks, and databases, and the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and data stored therein, from all
forms of misuse, abuse, and illegal access by making punishable under the law such
conduct or conducts. In relation to this, the input, alteration, or deletion of any computer
data without right resulting in inauthentic data with the intent that it be considered or
acted upon for legal purposes as if it were authentic, regardless whether or not the data is
directly readable and intelligible.
 Bacala and Reanno (2009) A significant advantage of building web application to support
a standard browser feature is the ability to perform as specified, regardless, of the
operating system installed by the given client. ! web based enrollment system has
featured that meet most of a academic institution system needs and requirements. $his
includes standardized modules for student, registration, enrollment, grade management,
and other modules that are deemed necessary to operate a school.
 According to Ace Adrian (2011) "Lack of enrollment system can lead to chaos and
trouble). Students will be confused on what they should do to be able to enroll that is why
such system is extremely useful in the way that it gives an ease on working on enrollment
process. Enrollment is very useful in retrieving vital information of the students. without
enrollment system it can lead difficulty both for the administration of school and student
in enrollment process.
 “Lack of enrolment system in schools can lead to chaos and troubles”, as stated by Ace
Adrian (2011). Students will be confused on what they should do to be able to enroll that
is why such system is extremely useful in the way that it gives an ease on working on
enrolment processes. Enrollment is very useful in retrieving vital information of the
students. Without it can lead difficulty both for the administration of school and student
in enrollment processes.
 A new automated enrollment system was proposed and passed by the administration just
recently. According to the chairperson of the department of information technology and
system, this enrollment system will push through on the 1st semester of AY 2009-2010
according to source; the enrollment system will automatically get the student’s
subject/section for hassle-free enrollment, this is for student without any pending back
subject while for students with pending back subject, they still need to meet their
 department chairs/coordinator first for the advising of subjects before using the
enrollment system.

B. Foreign
 Marrero (2009) in his study entitled “Student Information System for the University of
the Cordilleras” stressed that the concept of Information Systems (IS) emerged in the
early 1960s. More often, when information system is defined, the field Information
Science is always associated, IS is an academic field that deals with the generation,
collection, organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of recorded knowledge.
Furthermore, it is a collection of related components designed to support operations,
management, and decision making in an organization. Generally, IS is supposed to
inform people. Information System supports people or users in making intelligent
decisions based upon the information derived from reliable data.

 According to www.scribd.com, (2011) enrolment is the process of entering and verifying

data of students to register on a particular school. Different interrelated processes build
up enrolment procedures called Enrolment System (ES). ES are used particularly in
recording and retrieving student information. Tracking student information is also one
feature of ES, in which the school can trace the standing of a student. Verifying payment
was also added to update or browse student billings. Helps the process to entering and
verifying the data of the students and tracking down the information of enrollees and
updating the student billing.

 Online enrollment system is utilized today by many universities to facilitate the

enrollment of their students into classes every semester (Gaton, 2012). The system allows
students to choose courses they want to take with the available class schedules. This
allows students to make up their time schedules for different class courses without time
schedule conflicts. After the allotted enrollment period, the system runs and assigns slots
to students. With the Online Student Enrollment System, students could login, check their
schedule, and set desired changes and pay online without having to stand in a line and
rushing to meet deadlines to accomplish all the transactions required for enrollment (Ella,
2012)
 The Lovely Professional University (2011) promotes a culture of paperless University.
The day to day administration and most of the University procedures are carried out
online. The University Management System (UMS), an online portal of University, is one
such innovative step of the University to provide vital information regarding academics
and other University logistics for assisting the University students, their parents and the
staff.
 These features sets often based upon use cases from the analysis stage, containing group
of individual features that are related, typically by a functional area (Stephen McHenry,
2010) Adopting the theory of Stephen McHenry which is known as the iterative
 implementation covers the breakdown of overall functionality of the system to a what he
called feature set and those feature sets represents different process involve in an
enrollment system.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Online enrollment system is utilized today by many universities to facilitate the
enrollment of their students into classes every semester (Gaton, 2012). The system allows
students to choose courses they want to take with the available class schedules. This allows
students to make up their time schedules for different class courses without time schedule
conflicts. After the allotted enrollment period, the system runs and assigns slots to students.
With the Online Student Enrollment System, students could login, check their schedule, and set
desired changes and pay online without having to stand in a line and rushing to meet deadlines to
accomplish all the transactions required for enrollment (Ella, 2012). It would be less time
consuming and very convenient. a. How OEM Works How about a student online enrollment
system conveniently linked to your information portal? This service could help lessen the
amount of time and effort in enrolling for subjects in every semester (Marchan, 2012). You
might have encountered some websites which provide services that require registration online.

The customer information is stored in the database and used for every transaction made.
This eliminates manual registration and sometimes payment process for customers. All
businesses are accomplished fast, efficient and conveniently, in your computer. According to
Binayao (2010), Online Systems usually follows this simple diagram (refer to Fig. 1 below).
Figure 1 New students need to sign up by filling out the personal information page with their
unique ID number to be activated by the secretary. The system recognizes the valid user ID. The
secretary can add grades of the students. Thus, the students can view their grades online.

The system evaluates the subjects previously taken by the students and generates a list of
subjects that the students can enroll. After the students have selected the subjects to be enrolled,
the proposed system shows the different schedules of each subject. Finally, the system generates
the enrollment form that contains the financial statement and schedules of subject. The
administrator can add curriculum, subjects, and schedules. He can also view the students' profile
and the list of students enrolled in every subject and in every department. b. Online Systems and
their Maintenance

The Internet is the most convenient and efficient commodity for organizations and
businesses alike. Websites function as a portal for members, customers and others to
communicate, provide services and support 24-hours a day. It is cost effective for promotion,
marketing and information dissemination (Ella,2012) NLS, NAPOLCOM, SOL, and GoDirect
are a few of the leading providers on Online System Worldwide (Ella,2012). They all differ on
structure, but all of them offers great service on an affordable price. In the Philippines,
universities like UST, FEU and DLSU all created their own systems of Online Enrollment.
Johnston (2009) implies that maintaining OE Systems may require license updates,
upgrades, and hardware maintenance. It may cost $5-$25(equivalent to P200-P1000) per User
per Month, depending on the System. ONLINE ENROLLMENT METHOD VS.
TRADITIONAL METHOD OF ENROLLMENT In the past couple of decades, computers and
technology have revolutionized once-slow processes, saving industries time and money in ways
not previously possible. With today's budget crisis, school districts are looking for ways to use
computers and the Internet to streamline school business processes while substantially lowering
their cost (Anderson, 2011).

Still, traditional methods/systems are used more often than not in enrollment procedures
of universities (Apon, 2012). Enrollment serves as a vital part in the life of every student upon
entering schools or universities, either public or in private. It gives students the impression on
how the whole institute manages and manipulates the entire body. Moreover, enrolment serves as
the first experience of all students by which he/she takes part, according to So (2012). One of the
factors considered here is the lack of manpower to accommodate all enrollees.

Also considered are the tedious task of filling out the application form and the
inaccuracies of information provided by the students. These factors cause enrollment delay,
which is disadvantageous to the enrolment personnel and the enrollees (Leonar, 2010). Still, the
availability of Online Systems has its own advantages and disadvantages, much like how the
traditional method of enrollment has its own (Marchan, 2012). Some of the factors that may be
affected are: 1. The Number of Workers utilized in Enrollments (along with their salaries) 2. The
Maintenance Cost of Online Systems.

The Fund Available These factors must be looked up first before deciding which is better
for a university. a. Toprated Universities in the Phil. and their Methods of Enrollment According
to Forman (2007) in his article "New Research Perspectives on Mobility, Organizations, Systems
and Technologies", continuing innovation in technologies can lead to organizational changes that
range from improvement of day-to-day operation and for easy access it provides for the end
users. Many schools today have adapted this innovation in the offering of their services.

In the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila, De La Salle, Far-Eastern, and other top-rated

universities accepted the challenge and created their own Online Systems of Enrollment. b.
Enrollment System of SLU The Current Enrollment System of SLU is similar to the traditional
method, wherein a student is required to enroll and transact personally in the enrollment rooms
of the university. Old and new students need to fill up application forms like pre-enrollment
form, and will input validated ID and registration forms to the department enrollment officers.
The current system needs that information to process the enrollment of the students. Enrollment
Systems like this are slow, and takes time and energy from the students and enrollment officers
alike (Lucas, 2010).
 User
Diagrammatical Flow Updated User
Account

User Update User Faculty

Account Account
0 System Account Registrar Office
Administration Staff

Subject Info

Subject Info Update Subject Subject Info

Info

Course Info

Course Info
Course Info Update Course
Info

Year Info

Year Info
Year Info Update Year
Level
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