Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Newsletter PDF
Newsletter PDF
Shri Cloth Market Vaishnav Bal
Mandir G. H. S. .School.
Session:- 2019-20
Chemistry project
Topic:- Dying Of Fabrics
Submitted by:- Mahak tiwari
Submitted to:- Mrs. Amita bhatt
Principal:-mrs. Abha johri
0
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my deep gratitude and
sincere thanks to principal mrs. Abha johri
for her encouragement and for all the
facilities that she provided for this project
work. I sincerely appreciate this
magnanimity by taking me into her fold for
which I shall remain indebted to her.
I extend my heartily thanks to mrs. Amita
bhatt, chemistry teacher who guided me to
the successful completion of this project. I
take this opportunity to express my deep
sense of gratitude for her invaluable
guidance, constant encouragement,
constructive comments, sympathetic attitude
and immense motivation, which has
sustained my efforts at all stages of this
project work.
1
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mahak tiwari of std. 12th
‘AB’ has prepared the project entitled “Dying
of fabrics”. The project is the result of her own
efforts and endeavours. The project os found
worthy of acceptance as final project report for
the subject chemistry. She has prepared the
project under my guidance.
Internal External Principal
Signature Signature Signature
2
DECLARATION
I Mahak tiwari of std. 12th ‘AB’
hereby declare that the project
work entitled “Dying of fabrics”
submitted to mrs. Amita bhatt is
prepared by me. All the matter and
contents presented are result of my
personal efforts.
Signature
3
DYING OF
FABRICS
4
INDEX:-
❏ Introduction
❏ History
❏ Dyes
● Natural dyes
● Advantages of natural dyes
❏ Types of dyes
● Direct dyes
● Mordant dyes
● Developed dyes
● Vat dyes
❏ Investigatory project
❏ bibliography
5
INTRODUCTION
Dyes used for fabrics such as cotton,
wool and silk are complex organic
molecules that contains what is
known as a chromophore group,
that is, they contain some type of
conjugated alternating double and
single bonds in a part of the
molecule. These molecules can
absorb certain wavelengths of visible
light and reflect the remaining light
and, thus, gave a fabric its colour
Not only do the dyes have polar or
ionic groups, but fabrics such as
cotton and wool also contains polar
groups such as -OH (Hydroxyl) and
-NH (Amide) which help the dye to
attach to the fabric.
6
7
HISTORY
Dying of textiles has been practiced
for thousands of years with the first
written record of use of dyestuff
dated 2600BC in China. All dyes
were natural substances obtained
from plants, animals or mineral
sources. In 1856, William Henry
perkin, while searching for a cure for
malaria,discovered the first synthetic
dye, mauve. The mauve was brilliant
fuchsia colour but faded easily. Since
that time a large number of
synthetic dyes have been
manufactured and their resistance to
running and fading has been
8
9
DYES
A dye is coloured substance that chemically
bonds with the substrate to which it is being
applied and add or change the colour of the
substrate. Most dyes are organic in nature.
i.e. , they contain carbon in their structure.
Dyes are classified into two types :-
1. Natural dyes. 2. Synthetic dyes.
10
NATURAL DYES:-
The word natural dye covers all dyes
derived from natural sources like
plants, animals and minerals.
Natural dyes are mostly non
substantive and must be applied on
textiles with the help of mordants,
usually a metallic salt which have an
affinity for both fibre and colouring
matter. Transition metal ions
usually have strong coordinating
power and/or capable of forming
week to medium
attraction/interaction forces and
thus can act as bridging material to
create substantivity of natural dyes
11
12
ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL
DYES:-
ADVANTAGES:-
1. The shades produced by natural
dyes are usually soft, lustrous and
soothing to the human eye.
2. Natural dyestuff can produce a
large number of colours by mix
and match method. A small
variations in dying techniques or
use of different mordants with
same dye (polygenetic type
natural dye) can shift the colours
to a wide range or create some
new colours which is not easily
13
14
15
Types of dyes:-
DIRECT DYES :- These are the
molecules that adhere to the fabric
molecules without help from the
other chemicals.
Ex. Malachite green.
16
17
18
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
19
OBJECTIVE:-
To dye wool and cotton clothes
with malachite green
REQUIREMENTS:-
500ml beakers, tripod stands,
wire gauze, glass rod, spatula,
wool cloth, cotton cloth.
Sodium carbonate, tannic acid,
tartar emetic and malachite
green.
PROCEDURE:-
1. Preparation of sodium
carbonate solution-take
about 0.5g of solid Na2CO3
and dissolve it in 250ml of
water.
20
21
22
23
OBSERVATIONS:-
1. The colour of the wool cloth
dyed directly by dipping in a
hot solution of malachite
green is fast.
2. The colour of the cotton cloth
dyed indirectly by using
mordant and then by dipping
in a hot solution of malachite
green is fast to washing and
of high intensity.
24
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
❏ WWW. Google.com
❏ Practical chemistry by
laxmi publications
❏ Wikipedia
❏ WWW. Britannica.com
❏ Dying booklet_pdf.
❏ WWW. Researchgate.net
25