1

SCHEME OF STUDIES

MSc-2 YEARS PHYSICS PROGRAM

SEMESTER SYSTEM
 2

SCHEME OF STUDY
MSc (2 YEARS) PROGRAM IN PHYSICS
SEMESTER – 1
PHYS-01101 Classical Mechanics 3+0
PHYS-01102 Mathematical Methods of Physics-I 3+0
PHYS-01103 Electronics-I 3+0
PHYS-01104 Statistical Physics 3+0
PHYS-01105 Computational Physics 3+0
PHYS-01106 Modern Physics Lab 0+3
18
Total
SEMESTER – II
PHYS-01201 Mathematical Methods of Physics-II 3+0
PHYS-01202 Quantum Mechanics-I 3+0
PHYS-01203 Solid State Physics-I 3+0
PHYS-01204 Atomic & Molecular Physics 3+0
PHYS-01205 Electronics-II 3+0
PHYS-01206 Electronics Lab 0+3
18
Total
SEMESTER – III
PHYS-02301 Quantum Mechanics-II 3+0
PHYS-02302 Solid State Physics-II 3+0
PHYS-02303 Nuclear Physics-I 3+0
PHYS-02304 Classical Electrodynamics-I 3+0
PHYS-XXXXX Elective-I 3+0
PHYS-XXXXX Elective-II 3+0
18
Total
SEMESTER – IV
PHYS-02401 Relativity and Cosmology 3+0
PHYS-02402 Nuclear Physics-II 3+0
PHYS-02403 Classical Electrodynamics-II 3+0
PHYS-XXXXX Elective-III 3+0
PHYS-XXXXX Elective-IV 3+0
15
Total

Total Credit Hours = 69

 3

LIST OF ELECTIVE PAPERS

PHY XXXXX Elective Papers

Note:- Any suitable combination of courses comprising 12 credit hours could be opted with the
permission of the Chairman and subject to the availability of experts.

OPTION-A (ADVANCED ELECTRONICS) (12 Cr. Hours)

PHYS-02305 Paper A-I Digital Electronics-I (3 Cr. Hours)
PHYS-02404 Paper A-II Digital Electronics-II (3 Cr. Hours)
PHYS-02306 Paper A-III Digital Electronics Laboratory. (3 Cr. Hours)
PHYS-02405 Paper A-IV Project (3 Cr. Hours)

OPTION-B (SOLID STATE PHYSICS) (12 Cr. Hours)

PHYS-02305 Paper B-I Special Solid State Physics-I (3 Cr. Hours)
PHYS-02404 Paper B-II Special Solid State Physics-II (3 Cr. Hours)
PHYS-02306 Paper B-III Laboratory. (3 Cr. Hours)
PHYS-02405 Paper B-IV Project (3 Cr. Hours)

LIST OF COURSES
ACCORDING TO HEC TEMPLATE

MAJOR COURSES
Sr. No. Course Code Course Title Credit Semester in which
Hours course is being offered.
PHYS-03501 Classical Mechanics 3+0 V
PHYS-03502 Mathematical Methods of Physics-I 3+0 V
PHYS-03503 Electronics-I 3+0 V
PHYS-03504 Statistical Physics 3+0 V
PHYS-03505 Computational Physics 3+0 V
PHYS-03506 Modern Physics Lab 0+3 V
PHYS-03601 Mathematical Methods of Physics-II 3+0 VI
PHYS-03602 Quantum Mechanics-I 3+0 VI
PHYS-03603 Solid State Physics-I 3+0 VI
PHYS-03604 Atomic & Molecular Physics 3+0 VI
PHYS-03605 Electronics-II 3+0 VI
PHYS-03606 Electronics Lab 0+3 VI
PHYS-04701 Quantum Mechanics-II 3+0 VII
PHYS-04702 Solid State Physics-II 3+0 VII
PHYS-04703 Nuclear Physics-I 3+0 VII
PHYS-04704 Classical Electrodynamics-I 3+0 VII
PHYS-04801 Relativity and Cosmology 3+0 VIII
PHYS-04802 Nuclear Physics-II 3+0 VIII
PHYS-04803 Classical Electrodynamics-II 3+0 VIII
 4

COURSE OUTLINE

OF

MAJOR COURSES

FOR

MSc – 2 YEARS PROGRAM

IN PHYSICS
 5

Course Title: Classical Mechanics Credit Hours: 03

Course Code: PHYS-01101 Course Type: Major – 1
Pre-requisite: Mechanics I & II
Objectives:
 To develop the basic knowledge of classical world using the laws of Physics
 To develop the understanding of two bodies central force problems
 To give understanding of kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies
 Development of Hamiltonian equation and use of canonical transformation in classical physics
Elementary Principles:
Brief Survey of Newtonian mechanics of a system of particles, constraints, Alembert's principle,
Lagrange's equation and its applications, Virtual work
Variational Principles:
Calculus of variation and Hamilton's principle, Derivation of Lagrange's equation from Hamilton's
principle
Two Body Central Force Problems:
Low and least action, two body problem and its reduction to one body problem, Equation of motion and
solution for one body problem, Kepler's Laws Laboratory and centre of mass systems, Rutherford
scattering.
Kinematics of Rigid Body Motion:
Orthogonal transformations, Eulerian angles, Euler's theorem, The Coriolis force.
Rigid Body Equation of Motion:
Angular momentum, Tensors and dyadic’s, Moment of inertia, Rigid body problems and Euler's
equations.
Hamilton Equation of Motion:
Legendre transformation and Hamilton equations of motion, Conservation theorems
Canonical Transformations:
Examples of Canoical transformations, Lagrange and Poison brackets, Liouville's theorem
Books Recommended:
1. H. Goldstein, 'Classical Mechanics', 2nd. Ed. Addison Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (1980).
2. V.I. Arnold, Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics Springer verlag, New York (1980).
3. S.N. Rasband, 'Dynamics', John Wiley & Sons, New York (1983)
4. R.A. Matzner & L.C. Shepley, 'Classical Mechanics', Prentice Hall Inc., London (1991).
5. N.M.J. Woodhouse, 'Introduction to Analytical Dynamics', Oxford Science Publications, Oxford
(1987)
_________________________________________________________________________________

Course Title: Mathematical Methods of Physics – I Credit Hours: 03

Course Code: PHYS-01102 Course Type: Major – 2
Pre-requisite: General Mathematics
Objectives
 To develop the mathematical background of student in vectors, tensors, matrices and some of their
uses in the world of physics
 To give basic understanding of group theory and complex variables used in physics
Curvilinear Coordinates and Tensors:
Curvilinear coordinate system, Gradient, Divergence and Curl in the curvilinear coordinates system,
Cartesian, Spherical and Cylinderical coordinate system, Covariant and contravariant tensors, Tensor
algebra, Quotient rule.
Matrices:
Linear vector spaces, Determinants, Matrices, Eigen values and eigenvectors of matrices, Orthogonal
matrices, Hermitian matrices, Similarity transformations, Diagonalization of matrices.
Group Theory:
Introduction to groups, Group representation, Invariant subgroups, Discret groups-Dihedral groups,
Continuous groups-O groups, SU(2) groups, Lie groups
Complex Variables:
 6

Functions of a complex variable, Cauchy Riemann conditions and analytic functions, Cauchy integral
theorem and integral formula, Taylor and Laurent series, Calculus of residue, Complex integration.
Recommended Books:
1. G. Arfken, Mathematical Physics, 2nd ed, Academic Press, 1970.
2. E. Butkov, Mathematical Physics, Addison-Wesley 1968.
3. Pipes and Harvill, Applied Mathematics for Engineers and Physicists, McGraw Hill, 1971.
4. M. R. Speigel, Complex Variables Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw Hill 1979.
5. H. P. Hsu, Fourier analysis Simon Schuster Series, 1967.

Course Title: Electronics-I Credit Hours: 03

Course Code: PHYS-01103 Course Type: Major – 3
Objectives
To make students acquire a basic knowledge in solid state electronics including diodes, BJT, FET etc.

Syllabus

The Semiconductor Diode, P-type, N-type semiconductors, the junction diode (biasing and characteristics). The
Diode as Rectifier and Switch: The ideal diode model, the half wave rectifier, the full wave rectifier, the bridge
rectifier, measurement of ripple factor, the capacitor filter, the π filter, the π -R filter, diode wave shaping circuits
(clippers and clampers). Special Diodes: Zener Diode, Light Emitting Diode, Photodiode, Tunnel Diode,
Shockley Diode, Other diodes. Circuit Theory and Analysis: Models for circuit, one-port and two-port networks,
network theorems, hybrid parameters and equivalent circuit, Power in decibels. The Junction Transistor as an
Amplifier: Transistor voltage and current designations, the junction transistors, the volt-ampere curve of a
transistor, the current amplification factors, the load line and Q point, the common emitter amplifier, the trans-
conductance gm, performance of a CE amplifier, relation between Ai and Av, the CB amplifier, the CC amplifier,
comparison of amplifier performance. DC Bias for the Transistor: Choice of Q point, variation of Q point, fixed
transistor bias, the four resistor bias circuit, design of a voltage feedback bias circuit, Common emitter, common
collector, common base biasing.

Recommended Books

1. Electronic Devices, by T. L. Floyd, Pearson, (10th Edition), (2017).

2. Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices and Applications, by T. L. Floyd, D. M. Buchla, Prentice
Hall, (8th Edition), (2009).
3. Electronic Principles, by A. P. Malvino, D. J. Bates, McGraw-Hill, (8th Edition), (2015).
4. Solid State Electronic Devices, by B. Streetman and S. K. Banerjee, Pearson, (7th edition), (2015)
5. Grob's Basic Electronics, by M. E Schultz, McGraw-Hill, (12th edition), (2015)
6. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, by R. L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, Pearson, (11th Edition),
(2012).
7. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits, by R. T. Paynter, Prentice Hall, (7th edition), (2005).

Course Title: Statistical Physics Credit Hours: 03

Course Code: PHYS-01104 Course Type: Major – 4
Objectives
This course will develop basic knowledge of statistical mechanics at the undergraduate level and to use this
knowledge to describe macroscopic systems, thermodynamic potentials and ensembles.

Syllabus

Concepts in classical laws of thermodynamics and their application, postulates of statistical mechanics, statistical
interpretation of thermodynamics, Phase space description of physical systems, macrosystems and
macrosystems, ensembles, entropy in statistical mechanics, microcanonical ensemble, canonical ensemble, the
methods of statistical mechanics are used to develop the statistics for Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac and photon
gases; frequency spectrum of a black body and Planck’s radiation law, Liouville’s theorem, equality of
probability for the perfect gas, energy distribution of conduction electrons in metals, Quantization effects in
molecular gases; phonons, photons; density matrix formulation, Identical Particles, Degenerate quantum gases;
Fermi liquids; Bose-Einstein condensation; superfluidity, selected topics from low temperature physics and
electrical and thermal properties of matter.
 7

Recommended Books

1. Statistical Mechanics, by K. Huang, Pearson, (2008)

2. Statistical Mechanics, by R. K. Pathria and P. D. Beale, Academic Press, (3rd Ed.), (2011)

3. Quantum Statistical Thermodynamics, by K. N. Huang, Springer, (2018)

4. Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, by F. Reif, Waveland, (2008)
5. Statistical Physics of Particles, by M. Kardar, Cambridge, (2007)
Elementary Statistical Physics by C. Kittle, Wiley (1958)

Course Title: Computational Physics Credit Hours: 03

Course Code: PHYS-01105 Course Type: Major – 5
Pre-requisite: Undergraduate Level Physics and Elementary Mathematics and Linear Algebra,
Mathematical Methods, Basic Numerical Analysis and Analytical Tools for Numerical
Analysis, Computer and Programming Skills
Objectives:
 Introduction of computer languages
 To know the use of computer in numerical analysis
 Computer simulation and modeling
Computer Languages:
A brief introduction of the computer languages like Basic, C. Pascal etc and known software packages of
computation
Numerical Methods:
Numerical Solutions of equations, Regression and interpolation, Numerical integration and
differentiation, Error analysis and technique for elimination of systematic and random errors
Modeling & Simulations:
Conceptual models, Mathematical models, Random numbers and random walk, doing Physics with
random numbers, Computer simulation, Relationship of modeling and simulation, Some systems of
interest for physicists such as Motion of Falling objects, Kepler's problems, Oscillatory motion, Many
particle systems, Dynamic systems, Wave phenomena, Field of static charges and current, Diffusion,
Populations genetics etc.
Books Recommended:
1. M. L. De Jong, 'Introduction to Computational Physics', Addison Wesley Publishing Company
Inc., Massachusetts (1991)
2. S.T. Koonini, Computational Physics', The Benjamin/Coming Publishing Inc., California (1986).
3. P.K. Macheown & D.J. Merman, Computational Techniques in Physics' Adm Hilger, Bristol
(1987).
4. H. Gould & J. Tobochnik, 'An Introduction to Computer Simulation Methods', Addison Wesley
Publishing Company, Rading Massachusetts(1988)
5. S.C. Chapra & R.P. Chanle, 'Numerical Methods for Engineers with Personal Computer
Applications, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York (1965
_________________________________________________________________________________
Course Title: Modern Physics Lab Credit Hours: 0+3
Course Code: PHYS-01106 Course Type: Major – 6
Objectives:
 To expose the students to advance level experimentation in Physics
 To make them familiar to such experiments who’s out come can be used in developing future
research capabilities and teaching skills
 To make the students confident in their studies by showing and measuring parameter which they
have used in theoretical work
List of Experiments
1. Determination of charge to mass (e/m) ratio of an electron using a narrow fine beam tube
2. Calculation of the velocity of light by using electronic modulation method
3. Determination of the value of Cauchy’s constant using a spectrometer
4. To measure the wavelength of sodium light in its wave length by using Michelson’s Interferometer
5. To study the magnetic behavior of a magnetic material (B.H. curve)
 8

6. To study the splitting in energy levels by the application of magnetic field (Zeeman Effect)
7. Study of the Splitting up of the central spectral lines of atoms within a magnetic field using a
Fabry-Perot interferometer (Zeeman Effect)
8. Determination of the g-factor of a DPPH (Diphenylpikry/hydrazyl) and the half width of the
absorption line using the ESR apparatus
9. Determination of crystal inter-planner spacing using x-rays diffraction.
10. Evaluation of dielectric constant of a given solid material by R.L.C. series circuit
11. Calculation of Planck’s constant by photo-emission technique (photo electric effect)
12. Evaluation of critical potential of mercury using Franck Hertz experiment
13. To work out carrier concentration of given semi-conductor by using Hall Effect
14. Establishing the statistical distribution for radioactivity as Poisson’s distribution
15. Evaluating the coefficient of linear absorption of a given material by G.M. Counter
16. Determination of the charge of electron by Faraday’s method

Note: At least five experiments to be performed and Universities may opt for other experiments according
to the available facilities.
_________________________________________________________________________________
Course Title: Mathematical Methods of Physics-II Credit Hours: 03
Course Code: PHYS-01201 Course Type: Major – 7
Pre-requisite: General Mathematics and Mathematical Methods – I
Objectives:
To give the understanding of Differential equations and their uses in Physics
Introduction to special functions, Fourier series, Fourier Transforms
Solution of Boundary value problems and their uses
Differential Equations in Physics:
First and second order linear differential equations, Partial differential equations of theoretical physics,
Separation of variables, Homogeneous differential equations, Frobenius series solution of differential
equations, Second solution, Non-homogenous differential equations.
Special Functions:
Bessel functions and Hankel functions, Spherical Bessel functions, Legendre polynomials, Associated
Legendre polynomials, Spherical harmonics Laguerre polynomials, Hermite polynomials
Fourier series:
Definition and general properties, Fourier series of various physical functions, Uses and application of
Fourier series
Integral Transforms:
Integral transform, Fourier transform, Convolution theorem, Elementary Laplace transform and its
application.
Boundary Value Problems and Green's Functions:
Boundary value problems in Physics, Non-homogeneous boundary value problems and Green's functions,
Green's functions for one dimensional problem, Eigen function expansion of Green's function,
Construction of Green's functions in higher dimensions
Books Recommended:
1. G. Arfken, Mathematical Physics, 2nd ed, Academic Press, 1970.
2. R. Bronson, ‘Differential Equations’ Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw Hill, New York.
3. E. Butkov, ‘Mathematical Physics Addison-Weseley London .
4. M.L. Boas, 'Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences', John Wiley & Sons, New York (1989)
5. C.W. Wong, 'Introduction to Mathematical Physics', Oxford University, Press, New York (1991)
6. Hassani, 'Foundations of Mathematical Physics', Prentice Hall International Inc., Singapore
(1991)
7. Chattopadhyay, 'Mathematical Physics', Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, (1990).
8. H. Cohen, 'Mathematics for Scientists & Engineers' Prentice Hall International Inc., New Jersey
(1992).
_________________________________________________________________________________
 9

Course Title: Quantum Mechanics – I Credit Hours: 03

Course Code: PHYS-01202 Course Type: Major – 8
Pre-requisite: F.Sc with Physics and Modern Physics & Electronics
Objectives

This course gives an elementary introduction to quantum physics, starting with a historical description of the
developments of early last century.

Syllabus

Experimental basis of quantum physics, black body radiations,, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, photons, pair
production, Franck-Hertz experiment, the Bohr atom, X-Rays, X-Ray diffraction, de Broglie waves, electron
wave, electron diffraction, Davisson-Germer experiment and the wave-particle duality of matter and light,
complementarity, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, probabalistic interpretation, atomic spectra, spontaneous and
stimulated transitionss, lasers, introduction to wave mechanics, Schrödinger's equation, linearity and
superposition, wave functions, wave packets, probability amplitudes, expectation value, operators, Solutions to
Schrödinger's equation in one dimension: transmission and reflection at a step,a barrier and a well, barrier
penetration, potential wells, quantum tunneling and its applications in technology, quantum harmonic oscillator,
space quantization, quantization of angular momentum and energy, hydrogen atom, quantum numbers, principal
quantum number, orbital quantum number, magnetic quantum number, electron prabability density, radiative
transitions, selection rules, Zeeman effect, spinning electrons, spin-orbit coupling, exchange symmetry and
exclusion principle.

Recommended Books

1. Concepts of Modern Physics, A. Beiser, McGraw Hill, (6th edition), (2002)

2. Modern Physics, R. A. Serway,C. J. Moses, and C. A. Moyer, Cengage, (2004)
3. Physics (Volume 1 & 2) by R. Resnick, D. Halliday and K. S. Krane (5th Edition), Wiley (2002)

4. University Physics with Modern Physics by H. D. Young, R. A. Freedman (14th Edition), Addison-
Wesley (2015)

5. Quantum Physics by E. H. Wichmann, Berkeley Physics Course Volume 4, Berkeley (1965)

6. Physics for Scientists and Engineers by R. A. Serway and J. W. Jewett (8th Edition), Golden Sunburst
Series (2010)

7. Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics by by D. C. Giancoli (4th Edition), Addison-
Wesley (2008)
__________________________________________________________________________________
Course Title: Solid State Physics – I Credit Hours: 03
Course Code: PHYS-01203 Course Type: Major – 9
Pre-requisite: Quantum Mechanics, Electricity Magnetism I & II, Heat and Thermodynamics, Statistical
Physics
Objectives:
 To develop a basic knowledge of crystallography
 To understand the x-ray diffraction in crystal investigation
 To understand the binding forces in crystalline material
 To develop the understanding of lattice dynamics and its uses in derivation of theories of specific
heat
 To understand the behavior of free electrons in metals and Fermi Energy
Course Contents:
Simple crystal structure, Principles of X-ray diffraction with the concept of reciprocal lattice, Inter-atomic
forces and type of bonding, lattice vibrations: thermal, acoustic and optical properties. Free electron
theory of metals. Introductory band theory of solids, Simple Fermi surfaces
Recommended Books:
1. C.Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th edition 1996, John Wiley
2. M.A. Omer, Elementary Solid State Physics, Addison-Weseley Pub. Co. 1974
3. S.O Pillai, Solid State Physics, New Age International Pub. 2003.
______________________________________________________________________________
 10

Course Title: Electronics-II Credit Hours: 03

Course Code: PHYS-01205 Course Type: Major – 10
Objectives: To be capable of designing rectifiers, amplifiers, oscillators, and multivibrators and to design
circuits.

Syllabus

Cascade amplifier, The Amplifier pass band, the frequency plot (Bode plot), Low frequency analysis, Low
frequency limit, the un-bypassed emitter resistor, high frequency equivalent circuit and analysis, The Miller
Effect, high frequency limit of transistor, bandwidth of a cascade amplifier. Oscillators with LC, RC feedback
circuits, Power Amplifiers, differential Amplifier Circuit, Common mode rejection ratio, operational amplifier
(Op-Amp), Inverting and Non-inverting configuration, Op-Amp Applications, Basic types of Multivibrators,
Astable Multivibrator, Mono-stable Multivibrator, Bi-stable Multivibrator, Flip-flop. Binary systems.

Recommended Books

1. Electronic Devices (Conventional Current Version), by T. L. Floyd, Pearson, 10th Edition, (2017)
2. Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices and Applications, by Thomas L. Floyd , David M. Buchla,
Prentice Hall, 8th Edition, (2009)
3. Electronic Principles, by A. P. Malvino, D. J. Bates, McGraw-Hill, 8th Edition, (2015)
4. Solid State Electronic Devices, by B. Streetman and S.K. Banerjee, Pearson, 7th edition, (2015)
5. Grob's Basic Electronics, by M. E Schultz, McGraw-Hill Education, 12th edition, (201)5
6. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, by Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky, Pearson, 11th edition,
(2012)
7. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits ( Conventional Flow Version), by Robert T. Paynter,
Prentice Hall, 7th edition, (2005)
8. Digital Fundamentals, by T. L. Floyd, Pearson, 11th Edition, (2014)
______________________________________________________________________________
Course Title: Electronics Lab Credit Hours: 03
Course Code: PHYS-01206 Course Type: Major – 11
Pre-requisites: Electronics – I & II
Objectives:
 To expose the students to advance level experimentation in Physics
 To make them familiar to such experiments whose out come can be used in developing future
research capabilities and teaching skills
 To make the students confident in their studies by showing and measuring parameter which they
have used in theoretical work
List of Experiments:
1. Design and study of Full-wave and Bridge rectifier and measure the effect of filter elements on
the DC output and ripple
2. Design a voltage doubler supply and measure the Dc voltage at key points
3. Draw the input and output characteristic curves of a transistor in common emitter configuration
and determine the hybrid parameters
4. Wave shaping circuits by diodes
5. Design and study of the clapping circuits
6. Design and construct a variable voltage regulated power supply
7. Design and study of a C.E. transistor voltage amplifier
8. Design and study of transistor power amplifier
9. Design and study of class B push putt transistor power amplifier
10. Design and study of an emitter follower
11. Design and study of a transistor RC phase shift oscillator
12. Design of UTJ relaxation Oscillator
13. Design and study of AC voltage follower using Op-Amplifier
14. Design and study of AC inverting amplifier using Op-Amplifier
15. Design and study of AC non-inverting amplifier using Op-Amplifier
16. Design and study of transistor Astable Multivibrator
17. Design and study of Bistable multivibrator
18. Design and study of Monostable multivibrator
 11

Note: At least ten experiments to be performed and Universities may opt for other experiments
according to the available facilities.
Course Title: Quantum Mechanics – II Credit Hours: 03
Course Code: PHYS-02301 Course Type: Major – 12
Pre-requisite: Quantum Mechanics – I
Objectives:
 To understand the use of approximation in Quantum mechanics
 To understand the theory of scattering and interaction of quantum systems with radiation
 To understand the basics of relativistic quantum mechanics
Approximate Methods:
Time independent perturbation theory for non degenerate and degenerate levels, the variational method,
The WKB approximation, Time dependent perturbation theory
Identical Particles and Second Quantization:
Indistinguishability of identical particles, Systems of identical particles, Quantum dynamics of identical
particle systems, statistics, Symmetry of states, Fermions, Bosons.
Theory of Scattering:
Scattering experiments and cross sections, Potential scattering, The method of partial waves, The Born’s
approximation.
The Interaction of Quantum Systems with Radiation:
Electromagnetic field and its interaction with one electron system, Transition rates, Spontaneous
emission, Selection rules for electric dipole transitions, The spin of photon and its helicity.
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics:
Schrodinger relativistic equation, Probability and current densities, Klein-Gordon equation and hydrogen
atom, Dirac relativistic equation
Books Recommended:
1. B.H. Bransden & C.J. Joachain, 'Introduction to Quantum Mechanics' Longman Scientific &
Technical London (1990)
2. J.S. Townsend, 'A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics', McGraw Hill Book Company,
Singapore (1992)
3. W. Greiner, 'Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction', Addison Wesley Publishing Company,
Reading Mass. (1980)
4. R.L. Liboff, 'Introductory Quantum mechanics', Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Reading
Mass. (1980)
5. Bialynicki-Birula, M. Cieplak & J. Kaminski, 'Theory of Quantua', Oxford University Press, New
York (1992)
6. W. Greiner, 'Relativistic Quantum Mechanics', Springer Verlag, Berlin (1990)
7. F. Schwable, 'Quantum Mechanics', Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi (1992)
8. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, PRENTICE Hall, Int., Inc.
9. S. Gasiorowicz, Quantum Physics, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Singapore
______________________________________________________________________________
Course Title: Solid State Physics – II Credit Hours: 03
Course Code: PHYS-02302 Course Type: Major – 13
Pre-requisite: Quantum Mechanics, Electricity Magnetism I & II, Heat and Thermodynamics, Statistical
Physics
Objectives:
 To develop a basic knowledge of crystallography
 To understand the x-ray diffraction in crystal investigation
 To understand the binding forces in crystalline material
 To develop the understanding of lattice dynamics and its uses in derivation of theories of specific
heat
 To understand the behavior of free electrons in metals and Fermi Energy
Course Contents:
 12

Transport properties of solids. Boltzmann equation, Point defects and dislocations in solids, Dielectrics,
Dia, Para and Ferro-magnetism, Magnetic relaxation and resonance phenomena, Superconductivity and
devices,
Introduction to superconductivity with applications
Books Recommended:
1. C. Kittle, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 7th edition 1996, John Wiley.
2. S.O.Pillai, Solid State Physics, New Age International Pub, 2003
3. W.T. Read Jr. Dislocations in crystals, McGraw Hill, 1991.
4. C.M. Kachaava, Solid State Physics, Tata McGraw Hill. Co. New Delhi, 1989
5. J.R. Christman, Solid State Physics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1988
6. H.E. Hall, Solid State Physics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982.
7. A. Guinier & R. Jullien, The Solid State, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989
_____________________________________________________________________________
Course Title: Nuclear Physics-I Credit Hours: 03
Course Code: PHYS-02303 Course Type: Major – 14
Pre-requisite: Modern Physics and Electronics
Objectives: To describes the fundamental principles and concepts of Nuclear physics.

Syllabus

Basic Properties of Nucleus, nuclear size, mass, radius, binding energy and semi-empirical mass formula,
Applications of semi-empirical mass formula, nuclear spin, magnetic dipole moment, electric quadrupole
moment, parity, isobaric spin and nuclear statistics, nuclear level, nature of nuclear force between nucleons, the
deuteron, Radioactive decay, radioactive decay law, quantum theory of radioactive decay, Basic alpha decay
processes, quantum theory of alpha decay and explanation of observed phenomena, angular momentum and parity
in alpha decay, alpha decay spectroscopy, measurement of -ray energies, Fermi theory of -decay, angular
momentum and parity selection rules, neutrino hypothesis, double beta decay, parity violation in beta decay,
theory of gamma decay, multipolarity of gamma-rays, angular momentum and parity selection rules, Nuclear
forces, Properties of the nuclear force, Nuclear Potential, Yukawa’s theory of nuclear forces, Nuclear Models:
Liquid drop model, Shell model, collective model.

Recommended Books
1. Introductory Nuclear Physics by K. Krane, Wiley (1980)
2. Nuclear and Particle Physics by Burcham, E. E. and Jobes, M., Longman (1995)
3. Nuclear and Particle Physics by Martin, R. B., John Wiley (2006)
4. Nuclear Physics by I. Kaplan, Addison-Wesley (1980).
5. Nuclear Physics in a nutshell, by C.A. Bertulani, Princeton, (2007).
6. Nuclear Physics by A. Kamal, Springer, (2014)
7. Foundations of Nuclear and Particle Physics, T. W, Donnelly and J. A. Formaggio, Cambridge (2017)
8. Nuclear Physics: Principles and Applications by J. Lilley, John Wiley (2013)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Course Title: Classical Electrodynamics-I Credit Hours: 03
Course Code: PHYS-02304 Course Type: Major – 15
Objectives: This course gives understanding of the basic concepts of classical electrodynamics.
Syllabus

The basic concepts (Electric charge, Coulomb’s law, the electric field, the electrostatic potential, Gauss’s law,
application of Gauss’s law etc) , the electric dipole, multipole expansion of electric fields, the Dirac delta function,
Poisson’s equation, Laplace’s equation, Laplace’s equation in one independent variable, solution to Laplace’s
equation, conducting sphere in a uniform electric filed, electrostatic images, Polarization in dielectrics, field
outside a dielectric medium, the electric field inside a dielectric, Gauss’s law in a dielectric: the electric
displacement, electric susceptibility and dielectric constant, point charge in a dielectric fluid, boundary conditions
on the field vectors, boundary-value problems involving dielectrics, method of images for problems involving
dielectrics, Potential energy of a group of point charges, electrostatic energy of a charge distribution, energy
density of an electrostatic field, related problems, Electric Current and Magnetostatics: Nature of the current,
current density: equation of continuity, Ohm’s law: conductivity, steady currents in continuous media, approach
to electrostatic equilibrium, the definition of magnetic induction, forces on current-carrying conductors, the law
of Biot and Savart, elementary applications of the Biot and Savart law, Ampere’s circuital law, the magnetic
 13

vector potential, the magnetic field of a distant circuit, the magnetic scalar potential, magnetic flux, related
problems.

Recommended Books

1. Foundation of Electromagnetic Theory by J. R. Reitz, F. J. Milford and R. W. Christy (4thEdition),

Addison-Wesley (2009)
2. Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J. Griffiths (4th Edition), Prentice Hall (2013).
3. Classical Electrodynamics, J.D. Jackson, third edition, John Wiley (2012)
4. Elements of Electromagnetics by M. N. O. Sadiku (5thEdition), Oxford (2009)
______________________________________________________________________________
Course Title: Relativity and Cosmology Credit Hours: 03
Course Code: PHYS-02401 Course Type: Major – 16
Objectives: The purpose of this course is to introduce the field of general relativity and cosmology.
Syllabus

Einstein’s postulates of special relativity, Lorentz transformations, structure of spacetime, Minkowski spacetime
tensors, the light-cone, line element, four-vectors, relativity of simultaneity, velocity transformation and velocity
addition. Force equation in relativity, rest mass, kinetic and total energy, conservation of energy and momentum.
Covariant form of Maxwell’s equations, four vector potential and field strength tensor. Elements of Tesnsor
Calculus, Manifolds and coordinates, curves and surfaces, tensor fields, geodesics, Riemann tensor, Bianchi
identity, metric tensor, Ricci tensor, Einstein’s tensor. General Relativity, Principles of general relativity, weak
and strong equivalence principle, equation of geodesics deviation, Einstein’s field equations, tests of general
theory of relativity, Cosmology, Newtonian cosmology, cosmological redshift, luminosity and redshift relation,
Hubble’s law, microwave background, the Big Bang, Friedmann models and cosmological constant, FRW
metric.

Recommended Books
1. Dynamics and Relativity by W. D. McComb, Oxford (1999)
2. Introduction to Cosmology by J. V. Narlikar, Cambridge (2002).
3. Introduction to Cosmology by B. Narlikar, Cambridge (2016).
4. Special Relativity: For the Enthusiastic, CreateSpace, (2017).
5. Introduction to General Relativity,C. Bambi, Springer, (2018)
6. Introducing Einstein’s Relativity, by R. D’Inverno, Oxford (1992).
______________________________________________________________________________
Course Title: Nuclear Physics-II Credit Hours: 03
Course Code: PHYS-02402 Course Type: Major – 17
Pre-requisite: Modern Physics and Electronics
Objectives: This part deals with some additional topics of nuclear physics.

Syllabus

Nuclear Reactions, types of nuclear reactions and conservation laws, Coulomb scattering, nuclear scattering, Q-
value of nuclear reaction, threshold energy, transmutation by photons, protons, deutrons and alpha particles,
Cross section from nuclear reactions, compound nucleus theory of nuclear reactions, limitations of compound
nucleus theory, direct reactions, Neutron Physics, Neutron sources, radioactive sources, photon neutron sources,
charged particle sources, reactor as a neutron source, slowing down of neutron, neutron detectors, neutron
capture, interference and diffraction with neutrons, Nuclear fission, Description of fission reaction, Mass
distribution of fission fragments, Average number of neutrons released, Fission cross section, Chain reaction,
Controlled fission reactions, Fission reactors. Nulclear Fusion, Basic fusion processes, Energy released in
nuclear fusion, Solar fusion, p-p cycle, CNO cycle, controlled nuclear fusion, D-D and D-T reactions,
accelerators, electrostatic accelerators, cyclotrons, synchrotrons, linear accelerators, colliding-beam accelerators.

Recommended Books

1. Introductory Nuclear Physics by K. Krane, Wiley (1980)

2. Nuclear and Particle Physics by Burcham, E. E. and Jobes, M., Longman (1995)
3. Nuclear and Particle Physics by Martin, R. B., John Wiley (2006)
4. Nuclear Physics by I. Kaplan, Addison-Wesley (1980).
5. Nuclear Physics in a nutshell, by C.A. Bertulani, Princeton, (2007).
 14

6. Nuclear Physics by A. Kamal, Springer, (2014)

7. Foundations of Nuclear and Particle Physics, T. W, Donnelly and J. A. Formaggio, Cambridge (2017)
8. Nuclear Physics: Principles and Applications by J. Lilley, John Wiley (2013)
______________________________________________________________________________
Course Title: Classical Electrodynamics-II Credit Hours: 03
Course Code: PHYS-02403 Course Type: Major – 18
Objectives: The second course provides some further topics of classical electrodyamics.
Syllabus

Magnetization, the magnetic field produced by magnetized material, magnetic scalar potential and magnetic pole
density, magnetic intensity, magnetic susceptibility, permittivity and hysteresis, boundary conditions on the field
vectors, boundary-value problems involving magnetic materials, related problems, Electromagnetic induction,
the generalization of Ampere’s law, energy density in the magnetic field, electromagnetic energy, the wave
equation, monochromatic waves, boundary conditions, the wave equation with sources, vector and scalar
potentials, gauge transformations (Lorentz gauge, coulombs gauge), pressure of radiations, retarded scalar and
vector potentials, covariant formulation of electrodynamics, transformation laws of electro-magnetic fields,
related problems, Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves, plane monochromatic waves in non-conducting
media, polarization of waves, energy density, plane monochromatic waves in conducting media, Reflection and
refraction at the boundary of two non-conducting media: normal incidence, reflection and refraction at the
boundary of two non-conducting media, oblique incidence, complex Fresnel coefficients: reflection from a
conducting plane, waveguides, transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves, parallel-plate waveguide,
dielectric waveguides, radiation from an oscillating dipole, related problems, Plasma Physics: introduction,
electrical neutrality in a plasma, particle orbits and drift motion in a plasma, magnetic mirrors, the hydromagnetic
equations, plasma oscillations and wave motion.

Recommended Books

1. oundation of Electromagnetic Theory by J. R. Reitz, F. J. Milford and R. W. Christy (4thEdition),

Addison-Wesley (2009)
2. Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J. Griffiths (4th Edition), Prentice Hall (2013).
3. Classical Electrodynamics, J.D. Jackson, third edition, John Wiley (2012)
4. Elements of Electromagnetics by M. N. O. Sadiku (5thEdition), Oxford (2009).
______________________________________________________________________________
 15

COURSE OUTLINE

OF

ELECTIVE COURSES

FOR

MSc – 2 YEARS PROGRAM

IN PHYSICS
 16

OPTION-A (ADVANCE ELECTRONICS) (12 Cr. Hours)

Paper A-I Digital Electronics-I (3 Cr. Hours)

NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES

Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Numbers and their Conversions, Codes, BCD, GRAY,

LOGIC GATES
Inverter, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR logic gates, Universal property of NAND and
NOR gates, Combinational logic circuits.

BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC SIMPLIFICATION

Boolean Operations and Expressions, Laws and Rules of Boolean Algebra, DeMorgan’s Theorem,
Simplification using Boolean Algebra, Karnaugh Map, Karnaugh Map SOP and POS Minimization.

FLIP-FLOPS AND RELATED DEVICES

Introduction to Flip-Flops, R-S F/F, J-K F/F, D-Type F/F, T-Type F/F, Master Slave J-K F/F, Flip Flop

COUNTERS
Asynchronous/Synchronous Counter operation, Up/Down Counter, Design of Synchronous Counters,
Cascaded Counters.

Recommended Books
1. Digital Fundamentals, (7th Ed.) T.L. Floyd, Prentice Hall International Inc. (2000).
2. Digital Principles and Applications, (5th Ed.) D.P. Leach and A.P. Malvino,Glencoe/McGraw Hill
(1995).
3. Introduction to Digital Circuits, T.F. Bogart Jr., Glencoe/McGraw Hill (1992).
4. Digital Systems Principles and Applications, (6th Ed.) R.J.Tocci, Prentice Hall, Inc.(1995).
5. Digital Electronics, (4th Ed.), Bignell & Donovan, Delmar Thomson Learning.
______________________________________________________________________________

Paper A-II Digital Electronics-II (3 Cr. Hours)

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGIES.

TTL Subfamilies and Characteristics, CMOS Subfamilies and specifications, Interfacing TTL to CMOS,
Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL), Interfacing (ECL) to other Logic Families.

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

PLD Arrays and Classifications, Programmable Array Logic, Generic Array Logic, Applications of
PLD’s

REGISTERS
Basic Shift Register Functions, Serial In/Serial Out, Parallel In/Serial Out.

DECODER, MULTIPLEXERS DEMULTIPLEXERS & DISPLAYS

Decoders, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Multiplexers and Demultiplexers ICs, Seven Segment Display

INTERFACING
Digital and Analog Interfacing D/A and A/D Conversion
 17

MEMORIES AND INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Microcomputer and its parts, Computer Memory, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Static RAM,
Dynamic RAM.

Recommended Books
1. Digital Fundamentals, (7th Ed.), T.L. Floyd, Prentice Hall International Inc. (2000).
2. Digital Principles and Applications, (5th Ed.) D.P. Leach and A.P. Malvino, Glencoe/McGraw Hill
(1995).
3. Introduction to Digital Circuits, T.F. Bogart Jr., Glencoe/McGraw Hill (1992).
4. Digital Systems Principles and Applications (6th Ed.), R.J. Tocci, Prentice Hall, Inc.(1995).
5. Digital Electronics (4th Ed.), Bignell & Donovan, Delmar Thomson Learning.
______________________________________________________________________________
Paper A-III Digital Electronics Laboratory. (3 Cr. Hours)

List of Experiments
1. Design and study of logic circuits.
2. The conversion of Sr Flip-Flopinto D, T and J-K Flip Flops.
3. Half and full adder circuits.
4. Half and full subtractor circuits.
5. Parallel binary adders.
6. Parallel binary subtractor circuits.
7. Design and study of Up/Down counters.
8. Design and study of Decade Counter.
9. 7-Segment Decoder/Driver.
10. Synchronous Counters with Decoder/Driver.
11. Asynchronous Counters with Decoder/Driver.
12. Bi-directional shift registers.
13. Serial-in Serial-out shift register.
14. Serial-in Parallel-out shift register.
15. Parallel-in Serial out shift register.
16. Parallel-in Parallel-out shift register.
17. Combinational Logic using Multiplexer and Demultiplexer.
18. Digital to analog conversions.
19. Analog to digital conversion.
20. 555 Timer as Astable multivibrator.
21. 555 Timer as One-shot multivibrator.
______________________________________________________________________________
A-IV Project (3 Cr. Hours)
______________________________________________________________________________
 18

OPTION-B (SOLID STATE PHYSICS) (12 Cr. Hours)

Paper B-I Special Solid State Physics-I (3 Cr. Hours)

1. Elastic Constants and Elastic Waves
Elastic Waves, Analysis of elastic strains, Elastic compliance and stiffness constants, Elastic
waves in cubic crystal, experimental determination of elastic constants.

2. Point Defects
Types of imperfections, lattice vacancies, Diffusion, Colour Centres, F – Centres other Centres in
Alkali halites.

3. Surface and Interface Physics

Surface crystallography, Surface electronic structure, p-n Junctions

4. Dislocations
Dislocations and the Mechanical Strength of Metals, Burgers Vectors, Stress field of dislocation,
low angle grain boundaries, dislocation densities, radiation damage insolids.

Text Book:
Introduction to Solid State Physics by Charles Kittel. 4th & 7th Edition.

Recommended Books:
Elementary Solid State Physics by Ali Omar.
______________________________________________________________________________

Paper B-II Special Solid State Physics-II (3 Cr. Hours)

1. Diffraction I: Directions of Diffracted Beams
Diffraction, Bragg law, X-ray spectroscopy, Diffraction directions, Diffraction methods

2. Diffraction II: Intensities of Diffracted Beams

Scattering by an electron, Scattering by an atom, Scattering by a unit cell, Structure-factor
calculations, Application to powder method, Multiplicity factor, Examples of intensity
calculations.

3. Determination of Crystal Structure

Preliminary treatment of data, Indexing patterns of cubic crystals, Indexing patterns of noncubic
crystals, Determination of the number of atoms in a unit cell, Determination of atom positions,
Examples of structure determination.
Text Books:
Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 2nd Edition, by B.D.Cullity.
______________________________________________________________________________

Paper B-III Laboratory (3 Cr. Hours)

Note:- Experiments related to Paper B-I & II shall be performed during this course.
______________________________________________________________________________
B-IV Project (3 Cr. Hours)
______________________________________________________________________________