ENGLISH PAPERS

SIMPLE PRESENT AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS

TENSE

DISUSUN OLEH:

MUTIARA SUKMA

32219016

KELOMPOK II

TEKNIK ELEKTRO
DIII TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI
 Simple Present
The simple present is a verb tense with three main uses. First, we use the simple present
tense to describe the general truth (that occurs continuously), for example:

 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west

 Bat is the nocturnal animals
 The earth is round

Second, we use the simple present to express a fact or myth, for example:

 It’s 7:30 am
 Falling in love causes pimples

At last, to talk about habitual actions or occurrences / a daily routine activities / human
nature or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it’s sometimes called
present indefinite). For example:

 I usually visit my parents once a week

 Pauline practices the piano every day
 Mrs. Jackson travels during the summer

Depending on the person, the simple present tense is formed by using the root form or by
adding -s or -es to the end.

Example: I feel great! Pauline loves pie. I’m sorry to hear that you’re sick.

Typically, when we want to describe a temporary action that is currently in progress, we use
the present continuous: Pauline can’t come to the phone right now because she is brushing
her teeth.

How to Form the Simple Present

The simple Present Formula:

VERBAL

+ S / VI + -s; -es / O / C
- S / Do not; Does not / VI / O / C
? Do; Does / S / VI / O / C ?
? Question Word (W-H) / Do; Does / S / VI / C ?
Example:

+ I speak English everyday

She speaks English everyday
- I don't speak English
She doesn't speak English
Do you speak English?
? Answer: Yes I do, atau No, I don't
Does she speak English?
Answer: Yes She does, atau No, She doesn’t
? Why do you speak English everyday ?

NON-VERBAL

+ S / am; is; are / noun; adj.; place / C

- S / am; is; are / not / noun; adj.; place / C
? am; is; are / S/ noun; adj.; place / C ?
? Question Word (W-H) / am; is; are / S/ noun; adj.; place / C ?

Example:

+ I am a teacher.
She is a teacher.
- I am not a teacher.
She is not a teacher.
Are you a teacher?
? Answer: Yes I am, atau No, I am not
Is she a teacher?
Answer: Yes She is, atau No, She is not
What are you ?
? Answer: I am a teacher
Where is your sister ?
Answer: She is here

I. The positive verbal sentence formula used is:

For subjects I, You, We, They:

Subjects + infinitive (Verb 1)

For Subjects He, She, It :

Subjects + infinitive (Verb 1)

+ s/es
Information :
Infinitive (basic verb) is also called first form of verb (Verb 1)

Example :
- I write a letter everyday.
- She reads a magazine every morning.
- They visit their grandmother every Friday.

There are some rules that must be considered when adding s / es to basic verbs
(infinitive), which are as follows:

1. Generally the verb (infinitive) is directly added to the suffix "-s"

No Verb 1 (infinitive) Adding suffixes “-s”

1 Read Reads
2 Work Works
3 Write Writes
4 Set Sets
5 Shine Shines
6 Sing Sings
7 Bring Brings
8 Eat Eats
9 Help Helps
10 Give Gives

2. An infinitive verb ending in the letters "ch, o, s, sh, x, z" plus the suffix "-es"

No Verb 1 (infinitive) Adding suffixes “-es”

1 Teach Teaches
2 Reach Reaches
3 Do Does
4 Go Goes
5 Kiss Kisses
6 discuss Discusses
7 Pass Passes
8 Wish Wishes
9 Finish Finishes
10 Fix Fixes
 3. The verb (infinitive) that ends with the letter "-y" and is preceded by a death letter
(consonant), then the suffix "-y" is changed to "-i" then added "-es".

Penambahan akhiran
No Verb 1 (infinitive)
“-es”
1 Cry Cries
2 Carry Carries
3 Fly Flies
4 Study Studies
5 Reply Replies
6 Try Tries

4. Verbs (infinitive) ending in "-y" beginning with vowels, just add the suffix
"-s”

Penambahan akhiran
No Verb 1 (infinitive)
“-s”
1 Buy Buys
2 Play Plays
3 Lay Lays
4 Say Says

5. When the verb (infinitive) starts with the auxiliary verb, it does not get the
extra "s / es".

No Contoh Kata
1 must try
2 must work
3 can speak
4 can write

II. The negative verbal sentence formula used is:

For subjects I, You, We, They:

Subyek + do + not + infinitive (Verb 1)

 For Subjects He, She, It :

Subyek + does + not + infinitive (Verb 1)

Information :
To form a negative verbal sentence, "do / does + not" must be added before the verb
(infinitive).
 Do is used when the subject I, You, We, They
 Does is used when the subjects are He, She, It

In the form of negative verbal sentences, the addition of "s / es" to the verb is removed.

Example:
- I do not write a letter everyday.
- She does not read a magazine every morning.
- They do not visit their grandmother every Friday.

III. Word Order in Question with Do and Does

1. The verbal question formula used is:

For subjects I, You, We, They:

Do + Subyek + Infinitive (Verb 1) ?

For Subjects He, She, It :

Does + Subyek + Infinitive (Verb 1) ?

Information :
The verbal question sentence is formed by putting the do / does at the beginning of the
sentence so the addition of "s / es" to the verb (infinitive) is also removed (not needed).

Example:
- Do I write a letter everyday?
- Does She read a magazine every morning?
- Do they visit their grandmother every Friday?
The only answer needed for the question above: Yes, ....... or No, .......

Another example :
- Do they go to school everyday?
Answer: Yes, they do.
No, they don't..
 - Does she buy a doll every month?
Answer : Yes, she does. (Ya)
No, she doesn't

IV. Question Word Verbal

If in a verbal sentence the question is used together with question words such
as: What, Where, When, Who, Why, Which, How , then the sentence structure is:
1. If the question word used does not ask the subject, for example: Where, What,
When, Why, Which, How can the formula be used:

For subjects I, You, We, They:

Question Word (QW) + do + Subyek + Infinitive ?

For Subjects He, She, It :

Question Word (QW) + does + Subyek + Infinitive ?

Example sentence :
- Where do you live? = I live in Jakarta
- What does she write? = She writes a letter.

2. If the question words (Question Words) are used to ask the subject, for example
Who, then the formula as is:

Question Word (QW) + infinitive + s/es?

Information :
In this question form, the verb (infinitive) is added with "s / es" in accordance with
the rules that have been explained previously.

Example:
- Who always helps your father? = My brother always help my father.
- Who borrows your English book? = Amira borrows my English book.
 Present Continuous
The present continuous verb tense indicates that an action or condition is happening now,
temporary and may continue into the future.

The Present Continuous Formula: S / am; is; are / VI + ing / O / C

Example:
 Aunt Christine is warming up the car
 They are eating at Scott’s favorite restaurant today.

The present continuous (present progressive) tense is a way to convey any action or condition
that is happening right now,temporary and may be ongoing. It adds energy and action to
writing, and its effect helps readers understand when the action is happening.

The Present Continuous Formula

To form the present continuous, follow this formula:

+ S / am; is; are / VI + ing / O / C

- S / am; is; are / not / VI + ing / O / C
? am; is; are / S / VI + ing / O / C ?
? Question Word (W-H) / am; is; are / S / VI + ing / O / C ?

Example:

+ You are watching football now.

They are driving to scholl today.
- You are not watching football now.
They are not driving to scholl today.
Are you watching football now?
? Answer: Yes I am, atau No, I am not
Are they not driving to school today?
Answer: Yes they are, atau No, they are not
When are they watching football?
? Why are they not driving to school today?

I. The positive nominal sentence formula used is:

Subyek + To be + Noun Adjective/Adverb

Information :
Non verb or non verb (verb), can be in the form of noun, adjective or adverb.
To be (is, am, are) adjusted to the subject of the sentence.

 is for subjects He, She, It

 are for the subjects We, You, They
 am for subject I
Example :
- You are sad. -------------> adjective
- We are in the library. -----> adverb
- She is a teacher.

But if before to be preceded by an auxiliary verb (verb), the form to be (is, am,
are) changes to be for all subjects.
Example :
- I must be there.
- He can be ill.

I. The negative nominal sentence formula used is:

Subyek + To be + not +Noun

Adjective/Adverb

Information :

Negative nominal sentences are formed by adding a note behind to be.

Example:
.- You are not sad.
- We are not in the library.
- She is not a teacher.

II. The nominal question sentence formula used is:

To be + Subyek + Noun Adjective/Adverb

Information :
This nominal sentence is formed with to be at the beginning of the sentence.

Example :
- Are you sad?
- Are we in the library?
- Is she a teacher?

To answer the question above, you can use the answers: Yes, ... or No, ...
Example :
- Is she a teacher?
 (Apakah dia seorang guru?)
Answer :
Yes, she is. = Yes
No, she is not. = No

III. Question Word Nominal

If in a nominal sentence the question question is used, the formula used is:

Question Word (QW) + To be + subyek ?

Example:
- Where is your mother?
Answer :
She is in the kitchen.
- What is your occupation?
Answer :
I am a teacher.

Information :
If the question sentence is used by you, you must use subject I (me) in the answer
sentence.

When to Use the Present Continuous Tense

Use the present continuous tense with the appropriate “to be” verb and a dynamic verb. A
dynamic verb shows action and/or process.

Example: Scott’s little sister is arriving at the diner two hours late because her roller-derby team,
Chicks Ahoy, won the national championships early today. As she is walking into Polly’s Pancake
Diner, she is yelling goodbye to her friends outside, and Scott hopes she doesn’t cause a scene since
she is always embarrassing him in public.

When Not to Use the Present Continuous Tense

Do not use the present continuous tense with stative verbs. Stative verbs show a state of
being that does not show qualities of change. These verbs can stay in the simple present.

Example:

Incorrect : Aunt Christine is preferring the maple walnut pancakes over the banana
peanut butter ones that Scott loves.
Correct : Aunt Christine prefers the maple walnut pancakes over the banana peanut
butter ones that Scott loves.

Here, the stative verb to prefer shows opinion, and therefore should not be conjugated into
the present continuous. Stative verb categories include emotion (to love), possession (to
belong), and thoughts (to recognize), and none of these should use the present continuous
form.
The Exception to the Rule

Some verbs can be both dynamic and stative! Think about the verbs to be and to think. In its
dynamic form, the verb to be can show action:

Example: Sarah, Scott’s little sister, is being bold by ordering the jalapeno-chipotle pancakes.

But in its stative form, the verb to be is awkward if conjugated in the present continuous.

Incorrect : Sarah is being a tall teenager, who loves her food spicy and her sports

dangerous.

Correct : Sarah is a tall teenageer, who loves her food spicy and her sports dangerous.

Here are some more examples:

Example: The waiter thinks Scott should save room for pumpkin pie. (Stative and in the simple
present)

Example: The waiter is thinking about getting a new job that requires less human interaction, like a
veterinarian. (Dynamic and in the present continuous)

Idiomatic Expressions and Style

English can be confusing; what is grammatically correct isn’t always what you might hear in
music, in advertisements, or during regular conversations. The present continuous is often
used incorrectly. Consider the the popular slogan for McDonald’s: “I’m Lovin’ It.” This is a
grammatically incorrect sentence because to love is a stative verb, so why would McDonald’s
use it in their advertisements?

This marks the difference between grammar and style. Using the present continuous as a
means to exaggerate is a stylistic trend, and as such, it would not be surprising to hear this
conversation:

Example: Scott, glazed with a chocolate mustache, looks over to his aunt and says, “I’m lovin’ me
some of these chocolate peanut butter banana pancakes!” “I’m hearing what you’re saying!” she
replies, sprinkling powdered sugar atop the stacks on her plate.

Here Scott and his Aunt display their excitement in a silly way, emphasizing their feelings.
On the other hand, you would never hear a native speaker say these sentences:

Incorrect : Scott is loving his Aunt Christine, a self-proclaimed pancake connoisseur.

(People would simply say “Scott loves his Aunt Christine . . .”)

Incorrect : Sarah is hearing the music from their table-top juke box and resists the urge

to dance on the table. (Sarah hears the music. . .)

The Final Say

If you are teaching English or learning it, I’d recommend simply sticking to grammatically
correct constructions and leaving the idiomatic expressions to the creators of advertisements
and song lyrics. In formal writing, the experts recommend that when you can use fewer
words to express a thought, you should, so use the present continuous sparingly—short and
sweet can’t be beat!

Common Construction in the Present Continuous Tense

Common Dynamic Verbs that USE the Present Continuous

Common Stative Verbs that DO NOT USE the Present Continuous