4th Class new English Textbook

Blossoms

Page no: 4
Singular - Plural
adding -s, -es or -ies depending on word endings (Suffixes).
(pen- pens, class - classes, library- libraries)

Rules:
1. s
2. –s, -ss, -ch, -sh, -z : es
3. -f, -fe : -ves
4. –y : -ies (boy – boys)
5. –o : -es

Activity 3
Page no: 5
Singular - Plural
flower - flowers
pebble - pebbles
fellow - fellows
petal - petals
cloud - clouds
wing - wings
butterfly - butterflies

Material Noun
Page no: 6 (4th new)
The name of metal or substances from which a thing is made.

The -rain- came down like -pebbles- on the bufterflies.

1. -Honey- is wholesome food and good for hearth.

2. -Gold- is a precious metal.
3. We get -wood- from trees.
4. We should drink clean -water-.
5. We get -wool- from sheep.
6. I don't eat -meat-.
7 . Houses are built using -bricks- and -cement-.

Underline the material nouns

1. -Silver- is used to make jewellery.
2. The hen lays -eggs-.
3. I use coconut oil for my -hair-.
4. I get new -clothes- on my birthday.
5. Drink -milk- for good health.
6. My sister likes -cheese-.
7. -Iron- is used in constructions.
8. My father has a mobile -phone-.

Material nouns from nature: water, air, silver, gold, iron,

copper, sand, coal, rock, sunlight, rain, earth, salt, etc.
Conventions of writing:
Page no:7

Read the given passage.

"Look! There are clouds in the Sky," said Praneetha.

"Start raining! O cloud! I want to dance in the rain," said
John.
"l want to make paper boats and float them on water," said
Masthan.
"O cloud! Don't rain please. It is Sunday. I have to play," said
Momeen.
"O cloud! Don't rain please. It rains in my house too," said
Banti.
Does it rain now?

Observe where the fulI stop (.), comma (,),

question mark (?) and capital letters are placed.
Commas with Direct Speech - Writing English
Use a comma after the introductory clause.

Example: She said, “I was in London last year.”

If the direct speech is at the beginning of the sentence, put

the comma before the final quotation mark. (Don’t use a full
stop here.)

Example: “I was in London last year,” she said.

Don’t use a comma after direct speech if the direct speech

ends with a question mark or exclamation mark.

Example:
“Were you in London last year?” he asked. (but: He asked,
“Were you in London last year?”)
“Great!” she replied. (but: She replied, “Great!”)
Activity 6 Page no: 9
Punctuation

Read the following and punctuate the sentences correctly.

rani mary rajesh basha and rehana are playing cricket "don't
you go to school" asked an old man 'today is sunday sunday is
a holiday" they said

Rewrite with full stop (.), comma (,), question mark (?) and
capital letters, wherever necessary.

Rani, Mary, Rajesh, Basha and Rehana are playing cricket.

"Don't you go to school?" asked an old man. "Today is Sunday.
Sunday is a holiday," they said.
(Days, months, and holidays are always capitalized as these
are proper nouns. )
 Making request using 'can' and 'may'.
Page no: 11 & 12

"Can we stay here till the rain is over?''

"You can stay with me till it stops raining.''
In the first sentence, the butterflies are asking with the
sunflower. In the second sentence, the permission given.

Asking permission:
Can I take your pencil?
Giving permission:
Yes. You can.

Asking permission:
Can I take your pen?
Giving permission:
Yes. You can.
Asking permission:
May I go to drink water?
Giving permission:
Yes. You may.

Asking permission:
May I come in?
Giving permission:
Yes. You may.

For refusing permission:

No. You can't.
No. You may not.
Activity 9 & 11 - Can & May
 Vocabulary
Page no: 20
Singular - Plural
man - men
woman - women
foot - feet
goose - geese
mouse - mice
louse - lice
tooth - teeth

Activity 4
Page no: 22

1. I brush my __teeth__ (tooth) in the morning.

2. Cats like to chase ___mice__ (mouse).
3. My brother is six __feet__ (foot) - three inches tall.
4. We saw a flock of __geese__ (goose) in the lake.
 Pronouns
Page no: 23

A word that is used in the place of noun or noun phrase.

Simply: I,we,you,they,he,she,it.

1 . Major Dhyan Chand was a famous hockey player. -He- was

a soldier in the Indian Army.
2. The German players were ready to play with the Indian
team. -They- were the hosts of the olympics, and they
were sure of their victory.

e.g.. Rani is a girl.

She is a good girl.

Shyam is playing football.

He is playing football.
Kamala, Vimala and Anu are students.
They are students.

Ganesh and I went to the movie.

We went to the movie.

Activity 6
Page no:24
Circle the pronouns
I,we,you,they,he,she,it.

Activity 7
Page no:24
l. -The butterfly- was pretty.
It was pretty.

2. -Raju and Ravi- are friends.

They are friends.
3. The giraffe is tall.
It is tall.

4. The fireman put out the fire.

He put out the fire.

5. Jyothi is a nurse.
She is a nurse.

6. Raju and I went to the park.

We went to the park.
Synonyms: Page no: 33
1. I -quickly- had my bath.
2. I -hurriedly- had my bath.
3. I -instantly- had my bath.
The underlined words quickly, hurriedly and instantly carry
nearly the same meaning. Such kind of words are called
synonyms.

wonderful = admirable, amazing, astonishing

vacation = break, holiday
beautiful = pretty, good-looking, charming
memory = mind, recollection, remembrance
courtyard = lawn, patio and yard
composed = confident, easy going, level headed
occasionally = sometimes, (every) now and then,
infrequently
interesting = alluring, amusing, attractive
Horsley Hills is a -well-known- tourist spot in Andhra
Pradesh. It is also called the 'Ooty of Andhra Pradesh'. We
feel a cool breeze and enjoy looking at the -heavy- bushes.
We see a -good looking- scenery and high mountains there.
The whole area is -filled- with green trees and colourful
flowers. The -temperature- is very cool.

Horsley Hills is a -famous- tourist spot in Andhra Pradesh.

It is also called the 'Ooty of Andhra Pradesh'. We feel a cool
breeze and enjoy looking at the -dense- bushes. We see a -
beautiful- scenery and high mountains there.
The whole area is -covered- with green trees and
colourful flowers. The -climate- is very cool.

Activity 3 Page no: 35

well-known = famous
heavy = dense
good looking = beautiful
filled = covered
temperature = climate

Activity 4
Page no; 35
Synonyms - Matching
Share - distribute
pack - bundle
touch - feel
enjoy - delight
slope - slant

ANTONYMS
Page no: 35
cold x hot
jolly x sad
above x below
big x small
tall x short
clean x dirty
fresh x stale
good x bad
strong x weak
silent x noisy
bright x dull

Adjectives (Describing words)

Page no: 36
Tall trees
dense bushes

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the

appropriate words from the box given below.
1. There is a -long- queue at the ticket counter.
2.The - little- girl is crying for her mother.
3. There are - colourful- flowers in the garden.
4. Khasim is a -karate- fighter.
5. She speaks -fluent- English.
Activity 8
Matching page no: 38
Describing words - Naming words
dark night
deep sea
blue sky
cool moon
bright sun

Punctuation
Page no: 38

Read the following sentences and observe the punctuation

marks at the end --full stop (. ) question mark ( ? ) and
exclamation (!).
1. I quickly had my bath.
2. They felt happy.
3. Who is your English teacher?
4. Have you ever been to Delhi?
5. What a long queue it is!
6. What a beautiful flower!
Statements end with .
Questions end with ?
Sudden feeling of surprise !

page no: 39
An exclamatory mark can be used after the words or the
sentences which express a sudden feeling of surprise ,
happiness, anger, sorrow or disappointment.

Example:
Alas! I lost my pen!
What a plty!
Hurrah! I have won the game!
Activity 9
page no: 39
Add the correct punctuation at the end.
full stop (. ) question mark( ? ) or exclamation mark ( ! )

1. You are late again

You are late again. - statement

2. Where is my pen
Where is my pen? - question

3. Kiran plays cricket every day

Kiran plays cricket every day. - statement

4. Where do you live

Where do you live? - question

5. Stop you're making me angry

Stop! you're making me angry. - anger

6. My name is Naveen
My name is Naveen. - statement

7 . Hey, look here

Hey, look here! - surprise

8. I have a big house

I have a big house. - statement

9. Don't do that again

Don't do that again. - Imperative sentence.

10. Will you help me

Will you help me? - Question
 'Wh' words
page no: 40
-How- are you?
-How- about you?
-Where- are you going?
-Why?What- happened to him?
When is the party?
-How,Where,Why,What & When- given in textbook

WH-words including: what, when, where, who, whom, which,

whose, why and how.

'Wh' words Activity 10

Page no: 41

Q: ______ do you live? (What / -Where- / When)

A: I live in Chanderi.
Q: ______old are you? (Why / -How- /Where)
A: I am 9 years old.

Q: _____ are you late? (How / What / -Why-)

A: Because my brother is ill.

Q: ______ do you celebrate your birthday? (-When- /Which

/What) A: On 6th June.

Q: _____ is your father? (When / -What- / Why)

A: My father is a farmer.

Activity 11:
Page no: 41 & 42
My name is Ayan.
Q: What is your name?
I am 9 years old.
Q: How old are you?
I live in Mylavaram.
Q: Where do you live?

I am studying in 4th class.

Q: What are you studying?

My father is a software Engineer.

Q: What is your father?

Mr. Raja Sekhar is our English Teacher.

Q: Who is your English Teacher?

My birthday is on 6th June.

Q: When is your birthday?

My school's name is Mandal parishad Primary School.

Q: What is your school name?
 Dictionary: Page no: 42 & 43
Words in a dictionary are usually arranged in alphabetical
order.

A dictionary tells us
- how a word is pronounced.
- what a word means.
- how a word is spelt.
- how a word is used.
- shows us the different parts of speech of a word.

Page no: 43 Dictionary

Breeze
- Pronunciation /bri:z/
- Parts of speech
- Meaning (a gentle wind)
- Usage ( We feel cool breeze in Ooty)
Table
Word Parts of speech Meaning
Immediately Adverb At once
News Noun information
Preparation noun Getting ready
Experience Noun Knowledge by doing
Quickly Adverb fast
Scenery Noun appearance

Vocabulary
Activity 4
Page no: 52

Understand the meanings of the word in context.

Posture
l. He could sit in the same -posture- for a long time.(pose).
2. Our teacher observed the posture of the new student, who
is very disobedient.
Crawl

1. A snake crawled on the floor. (crept)

2. My younger son is just 6 months old, crawling now.

Regret

1. When the teacher realized his mistake, he regretted it. (felt

sorry).
2. Ms. Shalini behaved foolishly, later she regretted for her
behaviour.

Showcase

l.The incidents of his childhood showcased his courage and

intelligence.(exhibited).
2. Her language showcases her attitude.
Inspire
1 . Vivekananda was inspiredby the teachings of Ramalaishna
Paramahamsa.(motivated).
2. Gandhiji's march to Dandi inspired many Indians.

Committed
1. I have not committed any error.
2. Our class teacher, Venkat is committed to his work.

Activity 5
Page no: 53

1.He -narrated- everything to his mother. C)told

A) say B) tell C) told
2. Narendra is known for his -intelligence-, A) Cleverness
A) clevemess B) bold C) active
3. The passenger -forgot- his luggage in the train. C) failed
to remember
A) recall B) reinforce C) failed to remember
4. Our teacher observed the -posture- of the new student,
who is very disobedient. (c)
A) poster B) structure C) Pose

5. When the teacher realized his mistake, he -regretted- it.

(A)
A) felt sorry B) felt happy C) joyful

Prepositions of Time
Page no: 54

At, in & on
Vivekananda was born on 12th January 1863.
In the above sentence 'on' is used before the date 12th
January.
'Preposition of Time'

Some Prepositions of Time are given below:

At- it is used to discuss clock times, precise time.

e.g. I shall meet you at 5 pm tomorrow.
Our school starts at 8.45 am
We clean our classroom at lunch time.

In - it is used to discuss months, seasons, years, centuries,

decades, or general times of a day.
e.g. Sirisha's birthday falls in December.
Generally birds migrate in summer.
Gandhiji was born in 1869.

On- it is used to discuss certain days of the week or portions

of days of the week, or specific dates.
e.g. Sachin will come on Monday.
We celebrate Independence Day on 15th August.
Hours
at 6am
at 3o' clock
at 7pm

Days of the week

Date
on Monday
on 6-1-2020

weeks - In 2 weeks
months - ln November
Years - ln 2019
decades
centuries
seasons - ln summer
Prepositions of Time
Page no: 56 Activity 6
e.g. Leela does yoga at 6 o'clock in the morning on Monday.

1. Leela practises dance__on__Tuesday.

2. Leela plays cricket ___at___ 5 pm

3. Leela goes to the music class ___on___ Thursday.

4. Leela watches cartoon movies ___on___ Friday.

5. Leela reads stories __at___ night.

6. Leela plays with her friends ___on____ Sunday.

Note:
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.
at night. (not at the night)
Activity 7
Page no: 57

Read the following conversation.

Ram: When do you wake up daily in the moming?

John: Yes, I go for a walk every day in the evening

John: Yes, I drink milk every day at night.

Habitual actions
Page no: 58

Read the following statements and say whether they are

denoting habitual actions or not:

1. My father reads the newspaper everyday........ yes/no

2. He cooked food deliciously.... yes/no

3. We play in the evening everyday . . . yes/no

4. India won the world cup in 1983 . . . .yes/no

5. Generally she helps the poor..... yes/no

6. She often goes to the cinema..... yes/no.

We use the simple present tense to denote habitual actions.

e.g. She sings songs on Independence Day every year.

We play every day in the evening.

Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd October,1869 at Porbandar

in Gujarat.
 Regular & Irregular Verbs
Activity 8 Page no: 69

1. He -lived- with his wife in a little hut.

2. Abhiram's wife -called- him.
3. He -caught- a big golden fish.
4. She -wore- a crown.

The words in bold letters are in simple past tense.

In sentences 1 and 2,the verbs end in -'ed' where as verbs in

sentences 3 and 4 they do not end in --ed.

The verbs that end in -ed are called regular verbs and
other verbs are called irregular verbs.

All these verbs(V2) express completed actions.

 Punctuation - Inverted Commas
Activity 10 Page no: 70
Read the following sentences from the story:
I . " O fisherman, please let me go.''
2. ''Foolish man! Why did you let the fish go?"
3. " What a beautiful palace ! ''said Abhiram.

These are known as inverted commas ( " " )

Now let us see some more examples from the story.

1. The golden fish said, "Go back home. Your wish is granted.''
2. Abhiram said, "My wife wants a palace now."
3. Abhiram's wife said, "I want to be the ruler of the sea.''

Activity 11 page no: 70

Read the following sentences and use Inverted commas ( " " )
wherever necessary.
1 . My mother said, Never tell lies.
My mother said, "Never tell lies."
("Never tell lies," my mother said.)
2. Did you finish the project work? asked the teacher.
"Did you finish the project work?" asked the teacher.
3. The children replied, We are ready to learn.
The children replied, "We are ready to learn."
4. Revathi said, How interesting this film is!
Revathi said, "How interesting this film is!"

Substitution table page no: 73 Present Continuous

I am reading a book.
You are playing Kabaddi.
We going to market.
They
riding the bicycle.
He
She coming to school.
is
It watching T.V.
 Opposite words –( Prefixes)
Page no: 79

honest x dishonest
sure x unsure

Prefixes un-, dis-

happy x unhappy
like x dislike
lock x unlock
obey x disobey
kind x unkind

Activity 4 page no: 80

healthy x unhealthy
appear x disappear
mortal x immortal
direct x indirect
legal x illegal

Prefix il-
legal x illegal
literate x illiterate
legible x illegible

Prefix im-
polite x impolite
mortal x immortal
mature x immature

Prefix in-
direct x indirect
active x inactive
correct x incorrect
 Simple Future Tense
Page no: 81

The king said, ''I will distribute seeds to all the children".

The action 'will distribute' has not happened yet. That will
begin and end in the future. Now let's see some more
examples.

I shall go to Delhi next week.

He will come to school tomorrow.
Pranathi will get the first rank.

In all the above sentences the actions have not yet taken
place, they will happen sometime in the future. The verbs
shall go, will come, will get are said to be in simple future
tense.
Complete the following blanks by changing the given verb into
simple future tense.
1) Dinesh ...will buy... ( buy ) a car next year.
2l lt ..will rain... (rain) tomorrow.
3) She ..will call.. (call) you next week.
4) Dhoni ..... will make..... .. (make) a century in tomorrow's
cricket match'
5) We ......shall go......... (go) to Chennai next month.

Activity 6
Page no: 82

F'ill in the blanks with the right options given below.

1. I .... .... (pay) the tax tomorrow. (b)
a) paid b) shall pay c) pays

2. Gopi .. (pass) the examination next year. (b)

a) has passed b) will pass c) passed
3. Ramesh . .......(get) the salary, day after tomorrow. (a)
a) will get b) got c) gets

4. Ashok . .. (receive) the parcel tonight. (b)

a) arrives b) will receive c) received.

Read the following sentences and -circle- the punctuation

marks full stop (. ) and question mark ( ? ) in them.
1. Vidhyadhara was the king of Gandhara.
2. Who would take over the kingdom after him?
3. Why did you come with an empty pot, my child?
4. Did your seed not grow into a plant?
5. He will rule this kingdom justly.
 Punctuation
Page no: 83

At the end of a statement or a declaration,

there is a full stop (.)
At the end a question, there is questionmark(?)
Generally an assertive sentence ends with a full stop (. )
An interrogative sentence ends with a question mark ( ? )

Red, blue, yellow the courtyard turned into a garden.

As the king grew old, everyone got more and more worried.
To find a successor, the king thought of an idea.

In the above first sentence to separate words like red blue

yellow a punctuation mark has been used and in the second
and third sentences to separate clauses a punctuation mark
has been used'
This is called comma (, )
A comma is thus used to separate words, ideas and items.

Activity 8
Page no: 83

Place the punctuation mark (,) where it is necessary.

1. Ram Rahim and Robert are friends.
Ram, Rahim and Robert are friends.
2. Vijayawada Vizag Vizianagaram are some familiar cities in
A.P.
Vijayawada, Vizag and Vizianagaram are some familiar cities
in A.P.
3. Gandhiji Nehru Patel and Tilak were some of our national
leaders.
Gandhiji, Nehru, Patel and Tilak were some of our national
leaders.
4. Copper iron and bronze are some useful metals.
Copper, iron and bronze are some useful metals.
Activity 9
Page no: 84
Punctuation marks(,) are wrongly used. Correct it.

1. John? Sekhar, and Muzeeb are good cricketers.

John, Sekhar and Muzeeb are good cricketers.
2. Ashok. Gopi and Madhu are playing cricket.
Ashok, Gopi and Madhu are playing cricket.
3. Cricket! Hockey and Foot ball are outdoor games.
Cricket, Hockey and Foot ball are outdoor games.
4. Chess? Caroms and Table tennis are indoor games.
Chess, Caroms and Table tennis are indoor games.
 Activity 6
Page no:93
Alphabetical Order

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

rich, court, home.

court, home, rich.

diamond, stole, many, help, incident, king, equal,

grow, two, catch.
catch, diamond, equal, grow, help, incident, king,
many, stole, two.
 Activity 7
Page no: 94
Read the following word sets:
Write the word with the correct spelling in the space
provided.

One is done for you.

(Refer to a dictionary if you do not know)

Ex: showted shouted showtad shouted

l. theif theaf thief thief
2. daimond diamond diamond diamond
3. presious precius precious precious
4. denied denyed denaied denied
5. moment mooment moment moment
 Activity 8
Past Continuous Tense
Page no: 94

Read the following sentences and observe the underlined

parts.
l. When the merchant -was sleeping-, someone entered his
room quietly.
Here the underlined part of the sentence was sleeping
denotes an action that continued in the past. This is known as
the past continuous tense.

The personal pronoun 'I' and all singular forms take was +
verb (ing ) and all plural forms take were + verb (ing )

Now,look at the following examples of the use of the past

continuous tense.

1. They were eating in the restaurant, when I met them.

2. The children were playing in the playground, when it rained
last evening.
3. Vimala was watching T.V, when someone knocked at the
door.
4. Geeta's father met with an accident, while he was crossing
the road.
5. I cut my finger, while I was cutting vegetables.

Read the following paragraph and underline the verbs which

are in the past continuous tense.

When I entered my classroom yesterday, our teacher was not

there.

My friends Ram and Ravi were making paper boats. Janaki

and Kavita were drawing pictures. Ashok and Gopi were
talking to each other. Madhu was reading a book. Sheela was
writing notes.
Now fill in the blanks wth the past continuous tense using the
verb given in the brackets.

1. Sarada ____was writing_____ (write) an exam when her

mother visited her school.

2. Ranga fell down while he ___was running___ (run) a race.

3. Mamata ____was reading____ ( read ) a story when Jacob

came to meet her.

4. The children _____were making______ (make) a loud noise,

when the teacher came in.

5. Razia ____was dancing_____ (dance), when the

headmaster entered the class.
 Agreement between the subject and verb
Page no: 95 & 96, Activity 9
Read the following sentences and look at the underlined
words.
l. He is the thief.
2. We are the thieves.

ln sentence one, the subject 'He' and the verb 'is' are both
singular in form.This means a singular verb has a singular
subject. This is called agreement between the subject and
verb.

In sentence two, the subject 'we' and the verb 'are' are both
plural in form.
This means a plural verb has a plural subject. In this sentence
also, you can see the agreement between the subject and the
verb.
Here are some examples of subject-verb agreement (the
subject is in bold and the verb is underlined):
1 . John -is- going to school.
2. The players -are- going to the play ground.
3. The children -are- listening to stories.
4. Stephen -is- one of the best singers in my class.
5. The crow -is- flying high.
6. My uncle -has- bought acar
7 . They -have- sold their bungalow.
8. Rajesh -was- abillionaire.
9. You -were- vety naughty in childhood.
10. His teeth -are- shining.

Look at singular and plural verb forms in the table given.

Singular -plural
am - are
is - are
was - were
has - have
 Activity 11
Page no: 98
Contractions - Contracted forms

1 . Birbal went to the merchant's house.

The word merchant’s ends with 's (apostrophe and s). This
indicates possession.

2. He is a clever person, -isn't- he?

Here the apostrophe is not used to indicate possession.
Instead, it is used to indicate a shortened form. This is
called contraction.
Here are some examples using apostrophe. Read and
understand.

1 . I went to my friend, Rama's house yesterday.

Kannaiah has taken -Sita's- pencil.
Varun -doesn't- know how to play football.
They -aren't- coming today.
Birbal saw the -servant's- stick and shouted.

You may understand that an apostrophe (') is a punctuation

mark. It can be used for possession and contracted forms.

Look at the examples in the table using apostrophe (')with

nouns and in contracted forms with nouns.

Kamala's Pen (the Pen of Kamala)

Rama's book (the book of Rama)
boy's head (the head of the boy)

Doctor’s room
(The room of the doctor)
Parrot’s beak
(the beak of the Parrot)
With contracted forms
is not : isn't
are not : aren't
was not = wasn't
do not = don't
has not = hasn't
will not : won't
have not: haven't
should not =shouldn't
cannot : can't
would not : wouldn't

Activity 13 Page no: 99 Apostrophe (')

once there lived a poor man named Ramaiah. He had four
sons. They didn't work hard. People used to call Ramaiah's
sons lazy. He didn't want them to be called so. So, he scolded
them. But his sons couldn’t understand their father's
intention and didn't change.
II) Mark the apostrophe (') wherever necessary.
1 . One day Rajus family left the village on a pilgrimage.
One day Raju's family left the village on a pilgrimage.

2. The teachers wife wanted a needle.

The teacher's wife wanted a needle.

3. The pandit couldnt understand the kings words properly.

The pandit couldn't understand the king's words properly.

4. The clerk said, "You didnt understand Saralas words.”

The clerk said, "You didn't understand Sarala's words”.

5. The servants followed their masters order.

The servants followed their master's order.
 Dictionary Reference
Page no: 106

A dictionary is a reference book that has a list of words

arranged alphabetically with their meanings.
* A dictionary entry will have the word.
* Its parts of speech and meaning.
* Example sentence/sample sentence etc.

They wrote a letter to the Green Club -volunteers.-

What is the meaning of the underlined word? Well, if you can't
guess its meaning from the sentence clue, we generally refer
to a dictionary in order to know its meaning.
Let us know how to refer to a dictionary for a meaning.
vol.un.teer /entry word/ /syllabic division/
(vɒləntɪəʳ ) - /phonetic transcription/

Word forms: plural, 3rd person singular present tense

volunteers , present participle volunteering , past tense,
past participle volunteered

1. COUNTABLE NOUN /Parts of Speech/

A volunteer is someone who does work without being paid for
it, because they want to do it. /Meaning/
She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a
week. / Example Sentence/

2. VERB /Parts of Speech/

If you volunteer to do something, you offer to do it without
being forced to do it. /Meaning/
Aunt Mary volunteered to clean up the kitchen. [VERB to-
infinitive]
He volunteered for the army in 1939. [VERB + for]
She volunteered as a nurse in a soldiers' rest-home. [VERB +
as]
He's volunteered his services as a chauffeur. [VERB noun]
[Also VERB]

Synonyms: offer, step forward, offer your services, propose

From the above dictionary entry, it is clear that the meaning

of the word volunteer is 'a person who does a job without
being paid for it'.

Likewise, we can refer to the dictionary understand word

meanings, spellings and any other related information which
we do not know.
 Alphabetical Order
Page no: 108
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Arrange the following words in alphabetical order.
1. tree, river, volunteer, letter
letter, river, tree, volunteer.

2. cool, care, cut, clean

care, clean, cool, cut

3. green, garden, grass, guava

garden, grass, green, guava

4. water, waste, weather, wave

waste, water, wave, weather

5. friend, flow, fun, faith

faith, flow, friend, fun
B. Look up these words in your dictionary.

1) sorrow : unhappiness, regret

2) dump : throw out
3) club: join up
4) choke : gag, jam

Anagrams
Page no: 108
Example 1: Look at the underlined words in the following
sentence.

The waste is choking me.

We can make a new word by rearranging
the letters of the word 'waste'. The new
word is 'SWEAT '. Here 'SWEAT is called
an anagram of 'WASTE'.
Example 2: observe the words 'earth' and
'heart' carefully to understand the anagrams
clearly.

The word 'heart' is an anagram of the word

'earth'.

So an anagram is a word formed by rearranging all the

letters of another word/given word. The new word gets
formed by using each letter only once.
e.g. care –race /acre/, live – evil /veil/, tea – eat /ate/

Write anagrams of the following words. Use the hints given in

brackets.
l. finder : friend (one who helps when we face problems)
2. swing : wings ( things that help birds to fly)
3. garden: danger (unsafe)
4. dusty : study (You go to school to do this)
5. arts : star (we see them in night sky)
 One-word substitution
Page no: 109

Look at the following group of underlined words:

-A written message from one person to another person- can

be substituted with one word: 'letter'.
This is called one-word substitution.
This is one of the important components of word building and
will help us to be precise in our speech/ writing.

Examples:

1. A continuous dry weather period without rainfall: drought

2. An act of growing plants and trees in large farm: Plantation
 Word partners: (Collocations)
Page no: 109

Read the following sentence. Observe the underlined words.

-Wiping- the -tears-, the tree said.

In the above sentence, the word wipe goes well with the word
'TEARS'.
These natural word combinations are called 'collocations’. It
sounds natural to say 'wipe your tears' - not sound good or
natural to say 'clean your tear or 'remove your tears'.

Examples:
1. Save time, save money, save energy, save electricity etc
2. Tell a story, tell the truth. tell a lie, tell a secret, tell the
difference. etc.
3. say hello, say yes/no, say goodbye. say thank you. say
sorry, etc.
 Adverbs of Place
Page no: 111

1. Everything -there- was so lively.

2. Look -here-.

What do the words 'there' and 'here' refer to the above

sentences?
These two words refer to some place.

In the above sentences, the underlined words are called

adverbs of place as they indicate place. They simply answer
an important question word 'where'.

Activity 4
Page no: 111

A. Read the following song and underline the adverbs of place.

One is done for you.
(clue: They answer the question word 'where' )
Sock Song

Upstairs
Downstairs
Where can they be?
I can't find my socks anywhere
and they can find me nowhere!

I look here.
I look there.
Where have they gone?
I can't find my socks
and I need to put them on!

Inside
Outside
Hanging on the line?
I can find my socks somewhere.
I look all around
and when I've found my socks. . ...
I'll be hunting for my shoes!

Now, let us look at some other adverbs of places and the

contexts/situations

1. Adverbs of place referring to distances.

Ex: nearby far, away, etc.

2. Adverbs indicating places.

Examples: up, down, inside, outside, here, there, anywhere,
nowhere, upstairs, downstairs, back, around, away, north,
etc.

3. Adverbs of place indicating object's position.

Examples: behind, above, through, between, below,
underneath, etc.
4. Adverbs of place indicating movement in particular
direction.
Examples : forward, backward, towards, westward, eastward,
onwards. . .

Activity 5
B: Choose the suitable adverbs:

1. The children are playing cricket ___________ .

(somewhere/ outside) the school.

2. Let us go ___________ and watch the stars. (inside /

upstairs)

3. Is there any post office __________ . (away / nearby)?

4. Lock the door when you go. _______ (nowhere/ out)

5. My grandfather searched for glasses ______ .( anywhere/
everywhere)

Conventions of writing: Page no: 112

Use of full stop/period (.), question mark (?) and exclamatory

mark (!)

Look at the following sentences. Notice the underlined

punctuation marks.

1. The river was crying . - giving information

2. What is the matter ? - seeking inforamtion
3. Look at me. - Instruction/ Command
4. What a big change ! - emotion
Activity 6
Table pg. no: 113

Description of Example Sentence End with

Sentence (.),
(?),(!)
Sentence gives us They wrote a letter .
information or describe
facts.
(Assertive/Declarative)
Sentences ask for Are the tree and the river ?
information friends
(Interrogative
Sentences)
Sentences making Shut the door .
requests or commands
(Imperative Sentences)
Sentences show strong What a nice weather !
feeling or emotion.
(Exclamatory
Sentences)
Page no : 114
B. use a full stop (.), question mark (?) or an exclamatory
mark (!) wherever necessary in the following sentences.

1. Ramu waters the plants

Ramu waters the plants.
2. Do you keep your surroundings clean
Do you keep your surroundings clean?
3. Don't throw the prapers put them in the bin
Don't throw the prapers. Put them in the bin.

4. What a beautiful garden So nice to see

What a beautiful garden! So nice to see.
 Linkers (connecting words) Page no: 115

Read the following lines to understand the sequence of

actions that take place in planting a sapling. Pay attention to
the words underlined.

-First,- dig a large hole in the soil. Make sure there is a

plenty of space for the roots. -Next,- put some manure at the
bottom of the hole. Then, place the sapling gently in the hole.
-After that,- place some extra soil and dry leaves around the
plant to hold water in the soil. -Finally,- pour some water
around the sapling and give the follow-up care.

We use the words 'first', next, and 'then' and 'finally' in the
above text to sequence the steps involved in planting a
sapling.
From the above, we understand that we use some linkers to
indicate connection among sentences/order the steps'for the
smooth flow of ideas or processes.

Write a recipe to prepare lemon juice (lemonade). Use the

words and linkers given in the boxes.

Words
cut, squeeze, add water, mix,
Juice, pour, glass, stir, drink.

Linkers
First, Next, /Then, after that,
/ finaIIy.
Activity 11
Page no: 118
Language Function: Please
A. Look at the following Sentences.
l. 'Please use the dustbin Don't throw the waste anywhere.
2. 'Please do not' cut down the trees. They give us rain.

From the above sentences, it is clear that we use the word

'please' in the beginning of the sentence to request/persuade
someone to do/not to do something.

B. Read the following. Write the sentences using please or

'please do not,. One is done for you.
I. I advise you to be regular to school.
A) Please, come to school regularly.

2. You should not waste water. Water is so precious.

Ans. Please, do not waste water.
3. I advise you not to use car to take you everywhere.
Ans. Please, do not use car to take you everywhere.

4. I advise you not to pluck flowers from the plants.

Ans. Please, do not pluck flowers from the plants.

Activity 12
Page no: 120
The words that sound different from the rest of other words.
1. star car,far,here here
2. lot, hot, boat, cot boat
3. tough, puff, bluff, cough cough
4. sky, tree, fly, cry tree
5. sail, tail, tale, nail tale

Tongue Twisters:
1. Peter Piper picked a peck of packed peppers.
2. Bhaskar bought a bit of packed butter.
The End